The diversity of diagnostic criteria of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) makes it difficult to compare clinical trial results and exchange clinical experiences. To address this issue, an ITP international working group convened a consensus conference in Italy in October 2007, and some new consensus concerning the terminology, definition, phases, grading of severity, prognosis, and treatment were achieved. The treatment of ITP has been dramatically improved along with the introduction of novel therapeutic agents. Rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody that is able to deplete autoantibody-producing B lymphocytes, has been widely applied because of its high efficacy and safety. Recent evidences suggest that decreased platelet production may also contribute to the development of ITP. Therefore, novel thrombopoiesis-stimulating agents such as thrombopoietin-receptor agonists Romiplostim and Eltrombopag have become new therapeutic options for ITP.
Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; diagnosis ; therapy

reression of M 2 receptor mRNA of rat myocardium intoxicated by soman under high altitude hypoxia. Methods The expressions of M 2 receptor mRNA under hypoxia, soman intoxication and soman intoxication under hypoxia were detected by semi quantitative RT PCR, respectively. Results The expression of M 2 receptor mRNA increased in the high altitude hypoxia group. Both simple soman intoxication and combined soman intoxication and hypoxia decreased the expression of M 2 receptor rapidly. But under hypoxia, the expression increased significantly at 12 h and 24 h. Conclusion M 2 receptor was sensitive to nerve agents. Compared to simple soman intoxication group, the expression of M 2 receptor increased in combined soman intoxication and hypoxia group. This may be one of the major factors leading to aggravation of the injury of heart function by nerve agents in high altitude area.

Objective To study prognosis of patients with fulminant hepatitis after plasma ex- change treatment using model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)scoring system.Methods 160 pa- tients were randomly divided into plasma exchange group and control group,and MELD score was calculated according to the original formula for each patient.The efficacy of plasma exchange was as- sessed by mortality and improvement in biochemical parameters and MELD score.Results The levels of total bilirubin(TBIL),INR and MELD score of patients whose MELD scores were between 30 and 40[TBIL,(379.4?40.4)?mol/L; INR,2.5?0.2; MELD,30.8?3.8]were lower than before PE treatment[TBIL,(509.7?64.6)?mol/L;INR,3.5?0.3;MELD,37.3?3.5].The levels of TBIL and INR and MELD score of patients whose MELD scores were higher than 40 [TBIL,(595.6?61.5)?mol/L;INR,3.8?0.4;MELD,39.8?3.5]were lower than before PE treatmem [TBIL, (650.4?66.3)?mol/L;INR,4.4?0.6;MELD,45.2?4.2].The mortality of patients in PE group with MELD score from 30 and 40 was 50.0%,while it was 86.7% in control group,showing significant differ- ence between PE group and control group(P＜0.01).The mortality of patients with MELD scores higher than 40 was 91.2% in PE group and 100% in control group,showing no significant difference between these two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions Plasma exchange treatment can decrease the serum TBIL level, INR and MELD score of patients with fulminant hepatitis and improve liver function.Compared with the control group,plasma exchange can significantly decrease the mortality of patients in PE group with MELD score from 30 to 40,but no effect on patients with MELD score higher than 40.

Objective To study the value of lung window and soft tissue window in measuring colon diseases with experimental CTVC examination.Methods Twenty-four artificial polypoid diseases were placed with glue in a thoroughly cleaned porcine colon(overall length,150 era)that was distented with air and submerged in a water phantom and scanned 10 times on a 64-MSCT(GE Light speed)with identical scanning parameters.The data were reconstructed every 0.625 mm and reviewed using 2D images, navigation,MPR and 3D volume-rendered images on a GE AW 4.2 workstation.The maximum diameters of the artificial polypoids were measured by two radiologists with more than 10 years working experience in lung window(W = 1000,L =-700)and soft tissue window(W =400,L =40),respectively.The average value of maximum diameters of the artificial polypoids were measured for 10 times and were compared with the actual diameter.Results Twenty-four artificial polypoid diseases and their shape,size,loeation and relation of diseases with bowel wall were all showed excellently.The maximum diameter measured was close to the actual diameter.The average value was mostly less than actual diameter and a few of them more than the actual diameter.The maximum diameter measured in lung window was close to the actual diameter,and there was no difference between the two data sets(t =0.431,P =0.669).There was difference between the maximum diameter measured in soft tissue window and the virtual diameter(t = 2.691,P = 0.010). Conclusion In screening the colon diseases,CTVC is a good method of choice with no insult or less insult, and higher repeatability.The lung window should be chosen in measuring colon diseases in CTVC examination.

Objective To compare MR,CT,and radiography in the detection of arthropathies in patients with hemophilia.Methods Forty-one symptomic joint images in the 14 patients with hemophilia, aged from 11 to 24 years,were used in this study.Each joint had the examinations of radiography,CT and MR within one day.The severity of each joint was staged using conventional radiographic classification. Severe HA patients with stage 5 were excluded from the study.Imaging findings of soft tissue swelling, osteoporosis,epiphyseal overgrowth,joint erosion,cyst,joint space narrowing,bone marrow,joint effusion, hemorrhage,synovial hypertrophy,widened intercondylar notch as well as anterior and posterior crueiate ligaments(only for knee joint)were used for the all imaging comparison.Results The 41 symptomatic joints in 14 patients with hemophilia were classified by radiographic criteria into stage 0(n=5),stage 1(n=7),stage 2(n=6),stage 3(n=8)and stage 4(n=15).Soft tissue swelling or joint effusion was observed in 33 joints by radiographs,in 34 joints by both CT and MR.Joint erosions were demonstrated in 34 joints by MR,in 33 joints by CT and 20 joints by radiographs.Joint cysts were shown in 21 joints by MR,in 18 joints by CT and 9 joints by radiographs.Significant differences in detection of erosion and cyst were found between radiography with either CT(P0.05).MR showed improvement for detecting nlore loci of both erosion and cyst than CT and radiography,and also CT showed the improvement than radiography.Bone marrow edema 14 joints, hemon'hage in 34 joints and synovial hypertrophy in 27 joints were revealed on MR images.Conclusion MRI is superior to CT and conventional radiography in detecting the abnormal changes and should be considered as the first choice among the imaging modafities in evaluating hemophilic arthropathies.

Objective To establish the radiolabeling method for peptide K237 with 131I and investigate the biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of 131I-K237 on nude mice bearing human lung cancer.Methods Iodogen method was used for labeling K237. The bioactivity of 131I-K237 was tested by human umbilical vein endothelial cell ( HUVEC ) proliferation inhibitory assay and the affinity of 131I-K237 was examined by competition binding studies. Twenty-five mice were divided into five groups randomly, including physiologic saline (group 1), K237 (40 μg) (group 2), 131I ( 11. 1 MBq) (group 3), 131I-K237 (K237 40 μg, 11. 1 MBq) intravenously ( group 4), and 131I-K237 ( K237 40 μg, 11.1 MBq) intratumorally (group 5). Injections were repeated at 15 d after the first injection. The tumor growth inhibition rate was calculated. Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for testing significant differences of data. Results The inhibition rate of HUVEC proliferation had no significant difference between radiolabeled K237 and unlabeled K237 ( (73.69 ± 5.36) % vs ( 62.68 ± 3.83 ) %, t = 1.67, P ＞ 0.05 ). The growth of transplanted lung cancer was inhibited by 75. 01 % in group 4, 78.99% in group 5, 31.15% in group 2 and 12.61% in group 3, respectively. The average tumor volume of groups 4 and 5 were significantly smaller than that of groups 1,2, and 3 ( F = 15. 233 and 13.611, respectively, P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusion 131I-K237 can be readily radiolabeled and it can effectively inhibit the growth of tumor in nude mice bearing human lung cancer.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of anatomic and non-anatomic liver resection on prognosisofpatientswithsmallhepatocellularcarcinoma( HCC ) usingaMeta-analysis.MethodsLiterature on anatomic versus non-anatomic liver resection for the treatment of small HCC ( ≤5 cm) was retrieved. ResultsFour nonrandomized controlled trials were included consisting of 776 patients:484 undergoing anatomic liver resection and 292 non-anatomic resection.The age ranged from 53.4 to 63.0 years.Male ∶ female ratio was 3.56 ∶ 1.87.1％ patients were Child-Pugh class A.Most patients (94.5％ ) had a single tumor.No significant differences were found conceming the 1,3,and 5 year disease-free survival rate between the two groups.There was no significant difference in overall survival and disease-free survival between the two groups at 1,3,and 5 years.Sensitivity analysis found anatomic resection was superior to non-anatomic resection in 3 year disease free survival rate (OR =0.72,95％ CI:0.52 - 0.99,P =0.04). ConclusionsAnatomic liver resection elevated the 3 year disease free survival rate of patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma when compared with non-anatomic hepatectomy but failed to further elevate long-term disease free survival and overall survival.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations of ultrasonography(US),99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile(99mTc-MIBI),and 131I whole body scan(131I-WBS)of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)and cervical lymph node metastasis.Methods A total of 117 cases received examinations of US and 99mTc-MIBI before uses of 131I and received 131I-WBS after 6 d of 131I treatment.Combined with serum thyroglobulin(Tg),131I-SPECT/CT,lymph node biopsy and clinical follow-up of patients,cervical lymph node metastases were identified.Results In 117 patients,the sensitivity of US,99mTc-MIBI and 131I-WBS were 76.5%,67.1% and 83.5%(P

Objective To master the prevalence trend of Kaschin-Beck disease in Xinghai county (Shanglujuan and X.ialujuan village of Tangnaihai township) from 2003 to 2008 in order to understand changes of selenium level of internal and external environments. Methods According to monitoring method on national Kaschin-Beck disease,we carried out epidemical investigation,clinical examination and X-ray photograph on school children aged 7-12 in Xinghai county,a monitoring region,and collected samples of hair and grain. The content of selenium was detected by 2,3-naphthalene fluorescence. Results From 2003 to 2008,in Shanglujuan village,the prevalence rate of clinic examination was fluctuating between 0(0/34)-17.14%(6/35); the detectable rate of X-ray examination was fluctuating between 11.11% (3/27)-20.59% (7/34),the prevalence rates of metaphysis and extremities were fluctuating between 0 (0/27)-13.21%(7/53) and 2.63% (1/38)-11.43% (4/35). In Xialujuan village,the prevalence rate of clinic examination was fluctuating between 2.94% (1/34)-13.33% (6/45); the detectable rate of X-ray examination was fluctuating between 26.67% (12/45)-43.63%(24/55),the prevalence rate of metaphysis and extremities were fluctuating between 8.33% (6/72)-26.47% (9/34) and 13.33% (6/45)-38.18% (21/55). The selenium contents in hair samples were (139.92±92.27),(134.98±63.77)μg/kg respectively in Shanglujuan and Xialujuan village in 2003; the selenium contents in grain samples were (12.90± 7.18),(14.58±9.90)μg/kg respectively in Shanglujuan and Xialujuan village in 2005. Conclusions The prevalence state of Kaschin-Beck disease in national monitoring region is rigid and pathogenetic factors of Kaschin-Beck disease are active. Selenium levels of internal and external environments are low in this region.