This study was attempted to know that the interactions of various fungi, and methionine and MgSO4 introduced as the substrate of culture media for fungi were affected to produce aflatoxins by Asp. flavus. 5 different fungi were isolated from the fermented soybean mash and were cultured in Chemically Defined medium (C.D. media) and soybean mash at 25 degrees for 10 days. (1) It was confirmed that Asp. flavus produced aflatoxins in the C.D. medium and soybean mash, but that Asp. niger, Asp. oryzae, Asp. awamori and Asp. terreus did not produced them respectively. (2) Asp. flavus cultured with Asp. niger did not produce aflatoxins in C.D. medium, but produced in soybean mash, in other hand, Asp. flavus with other fungi except Asp. niger produced aflatoxins in C.D. medium and soybean mash. (3) The growth of fungi were more prosperous in the separate culture than in the mixed culture. (4) In the C.D. medium added 20% of cultured medium of Asp. niger, Asp. flavus did not produce aflatoxins but other cultured medium did not prohibit the production of aflatoxins by Asp. flavus. (5) On the contrary, MgSO4 increasing the productivity of aflatoxins by Asp. flavus in the C.D. medium methionine known as one of precurser of aflatoxins did not affected the increasing productivity with significance.
Aflatoxins* ; Culture Media ; Efficiency* ; Fungi* ; Hand ; Methionine ; Niger ; Oryza ; Soybeans ; Viperidae*

In order to evaluate the value of vertebral angiography in assessment of hemifacial spasm, we reviewed retrospectively the vertebral angiography of 28 patients(30 cases) with surgically proved hemifacial spasm but normal CT scans of posterior fossa. There were 9 males and 19 females. Angiography revealed vascular focus of hemifacial spasm located at anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and vertebral artery in 19, 9, and 2 cases respectively. Right side was involved in 20 cases. All involved vessels were elongated, tortuous, and dilated. In conclusion, vertebral angiography was valuable in evaluating hemifacial spasm of vascular origin in the posterior fossa.
Angiography* ; Arteries ; Female ; Hemifacial Spasm* ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vertebral Artery

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip*

No abstract available.
Lipomatosis*

No abstract available.
Drug Resistance* ; Korea* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*

PURPOSE: Idiopathic pruritus ani is a common and embarrassing proctological condition which can be very difficult to treat. In this study, we documented our results with methylene blue intra-dermal injection in patients with intractable idiopathic pruritus ani. METHODS: 5-ml 1% methylene blue, 100-mg hydrocortisone, and 15-ml 1% lidocaine were injected into the perianal skin of 21 patients with idiopathic pruritus ani which had proved refractory to standard care. Clinical follow-up was undertaken. RESULTS: After one injection of the above solution, 15 (71.4%) of the patients were rendered symptom free. Repeat injection in the initial non- responders ultimately rendered another four. 19 (total: 90.5 %) of the patrents symptom free. Morbidity was 0%. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that intra-dermal methylene blue injection is a safe, simple, and efficient method of treating intractable, idiopathic pruritus ani.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone* ; Lidocaine* ; Methylene Blue* ; Pruritus Ani* ; Pruritus* ; Skin

A propecive analysis of 50 patients with acute interhemisphric subdural hemorrhage and tentorial hemorrhage, an unusual pattern of acute subdural hematoma, who were managed in a uniform way was analyzed to related outcome to hemorrhagic site, initial Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) and combined injuries. The incidence of acute interhemisphric subdural hemorrhage(ISH) and tentoria hemorrhage(TH) after head trauma was 3.83%, 50 cases among 1303 head injured cases. And 80% of the above hemorrhage disapperaed within two weeks after trauma. There was no significant relationship between feature of hemorrhage and intial GCS(P>0.05), but there was highly significant relationship between initial GCS and Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS) (p<0.001). There noted significant relationship between initial combined injury and GOS(p<0.01), and also brainstem injury and GOS(p<0.001).
Brain Stem ; Coma ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Head ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Incidence

PURPOSE: Rectoceles are often associated with anorectal symptoms. Various surgical techniques have been described to repair rectoceles, but the surgical results vary. The aim of this study was to compare transanal repair (TAR) and transanal repair with posterior colporrhaphy (TAR+PC). METHODS: The records of 58 patients operated on during a 56-month period were reviewed. Of those 26 patients had a TAR, and 32 patients had a TAR+PC. Interviews and anorectal physiologic studies were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: The recurrence rate after a TAR+PC was lower than the recurrence rate after a TAR (TAR 19.2% vs. TAR+PC 3.1%). The rectal sensation (sensory threshold: TAR 64.8+/-18.9 ml vs. TAR+PC 56.1+/-23.67 ml; earliest defecation urge: TAR 116.4+/-29.5 ml vs. TAR+PC 104.8+/-31.2 ml) was more improved after a TAR+PC. CONCLUSIONS: A TAR+PC for treatment of a rectocele is safe and effectively corrects obstructed defecation. The improvement probably relates, at least in part, to rectal sensational factors other than the dimensions of the rectocele.
Defecation ; Humans ; Rectocele* ; Recurrence ; Sensation

Although the histologic grade of astrocytic neoplasms of the brain have been used as a prognostic factor, the lack of an objective criteria is possible to create the disagreement of classification. We evaluated 25 cases of astrocytic neoplasms of brain to document the usefulness of prolifera-tive potential of tumor as a prognostic indicator and the correlation with histologic grade by Nils Ringertz. The Ringertz's classification was relatively simple in an application among the variable systems and easy to define the differentiate from grade to grade. The examined cases were com-prised of 7 astrocytomas, 9 anaplastic astrocytomas and 9 glioblastoma multif6rmes. The prolife-rative potential of tumors were measured by Ag-NORs count, PCNA labeling index and flow cytometric analysis. The mean numbers of Ag-NORs per cell and PCNA labeling index were sig-nificantly differ among each histologic grade. In addition, abnormal DNA content and high prolif-erative index were frequently identified in anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme. Therefore, the Ag-NORs counts, PCNA labeling index, DNA index and proliferative index were well correlated with the histologic grade.

PURPOSE: The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and the outcome when using the Starion(TM) and the Harmonic Scalpel(TM) vessel sealing systems for a sutureless hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: This study is a randomized, controlled trial. Patients with Grade 3 and 4 hemorrhoids were categorized into two groups: the Starion(TM) hemorrhoidectomy (30 patients) group and the Harmonic Scalpel(TM) hemorrhoidectomy (30 patients) group. The measures of the primary outcomes were the operating time, the postoperative pain score, and the patient satisfaction score. Secondary outcome criteria included early and delayed complications: postoperative bleeding, anal stenosis, urinary difficulty, and skin tag. RESULTS: The satisfaction scores 4 wk postoperatively were not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.186). However, the operating time was reduced (P=0.019), the pain score was lower (P=0.009), and the satisfaction score 1 wk postoperatively (P=0.001) was lower in the Starion(TM) hemorrhoidectomy group. In addition, there were no differences in early and delayed postoperative complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Both methods were found to be surprisingly equivalent in all major aspects analyzed. A Starion(TM) hemorrhoidectomy with submucosal dissection can provide a safe, fast, bloodless, reduced-pain, and low-priced surgical alternative to hemorrhoidal surgery. More studies are needed to determine whether similar favorable results can be attained in patients with more severe, strangulated hemorrhoids.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhoidectomy ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Pain, Postoperative ; Patient Satisfaction ; Postoperative Complications ; Skin