We report an experience of treatment in a case of retrobulbar hemorrhage and exophthalmos of the right eye by trauma. The patient was a 16 years old boy who had family and past history of hemophilia.
Adolescent ; Exophthalmos* ; Hemophilia A* ; Humans ; Male ; Retrobulbar Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: Dobutamine and amrinone, phosphodiesterase-III inhibitor, are known to have both inotropic and vasodilatory properties. We evaluated the effects of both drugs on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). METHODS: With Institutional Review Board approval, 45 patients whose mean pulmonary arterial pressure was greater than 30 mmHg were studied. After sternotomy under the steady state of anesthesia and controlled ventilation (30 mmHg < PaCO2 < 40 mmHg), patients recieved one of following drugs for 30minutes (min); dobutamine 5.0ug/kg/min (Group I), low dose amrinone (loading dose 1.0 mg/kg, followed by infusion 7.5 g/kg/min, Group II) or high dose amrinone (loading dose 2.0 mg/kg, followed by infusion 10 g/kg/min, Group III). Hemodynamic variables were measured at 10 min and 30 min after start of infusion. RESULTS: Dobutamine didn't decrease pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and cause no hemodynamic change while low and high dose amrinone reduced PAP and especcially decrease of PAP in low dose amrinone group was statistically significnat. High dose amrinone increased cardiac index (CI) and decreased both systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and central venous pressure (CVP) more significantly than control value. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with chronic right ventricular failure associated with PH, amrinone may decrease the PAP and improve cardiac performance more effectively than dobutamin does. Increment of dosage of amrinone may not result in significant reduction of PAP.
Amrinone* ; Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Central Venous Pressure ; Dobutamine* ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Sternotomy ; Vascular Resistance ; Ventilation

To investigate the pathogenicity, genomic pattern, and o-like hemolysin of Staphylococcus lugdunensis (S. lugdunensis) in acute oral infection, S. lugdunensis was isolated from patients with an acute oral infection and from healthy persons. Antibiotic susceptibility, in vitro cellular toxicity, in vivo virulence, and hemolytic activity were tested, and plasmid DNA and restriction pattern of whole genomic DNA were analyzed to characterize the staphylococci. The dot blot and Southern blot hybridization analysis of staphylococcal DNA were performed with o-hemolysin gene probe. The isolation ratio of S. lugdunensis in the patients was higher than that in the healthy persons. S. lugdunensis from the patients with an acute oral infection showed resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, methicillin, cephalothin, and clindamycin. In the analysis of plasmid, there was a clear band about 6.5 kb in three strains of S. lugdunensis isolated from the patients with infection. S. lugdunensis in the patients had cellular toxicity in vitro and virulence in vivo. All strains of S. lugdunensis had o-like hemolysin activity against rabbit erythrocytes. Four of the six strains of S. lugdunensis gave synergistic hemolysis with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) on sheep blood agar plates. In the analysis of genomic pattern, four strains of S. lugdunensis that gave synergistic hemolysis with S. aureus showed a similar genetic pattern with HindIII enzyme digests. In dot blot analysis, all strains of S. lugdunensis showed a positive reaction with the probe of 5-hemolysin gene in S. aureus. In Southern blot analysis, a 7.3 kb HindIII fragment was observed in DNA of S. lugdunensis that gave synergistic hemolysis with S. aureus, and a 2.5 kb band was observed in HindIII digests of S. aureus in the patients. These results suggest that S. lugdunensis may be an important pathogen in an acute oral infection and the 7.3 kb HindIII fragment from S. lugdunensis DNA may contain o-like hemolysin gene.
Agar ; Ampicillin ; Blotting, Southern ; Cephalothin ; Clindamycin ; DNA ; Erythrocytes ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Methicillin ; Penicillins ; Plasmids ; Sheep ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus lugdunensis* ; Staphylococcus* ; Virulence

BACKGROUND: Superior migration of humeral head has been conventionally determined by measuring the acromiohumeral distance (AHD), We sought to devise a novel measurement system more reliably and accurately than AHD. We described a structural landmark called 'C-line'. In this study, we investigated the clinical usefulness of 'step-off of the C-line (SOC)' compared to that of AHD. METHODS: The C-line formed from the medial margin of the proximal humeral head continuing up to the inferior margin of the articular glenoid and then to the lateral border of the scapula. The superior migration of the humeral head triggered by a rotator cuff tear introduces a discontinuity in this C-line. We measured the distance of this discontinuity. We enrolled 144 patients who underwent a rotator cuff repair. We selected 58 controls who didn't have any cuff lesions apparent on magnetic resonance imaging. Using radiographs derived from standardized true anteroposterior views of the shoulder, we measured the SOC and the AHD. We used t-tests for statistical analyses. RESULTS: A rotator cuff tear was associated with an increase in SOC and a decrease in AHD. In control group, the mean SOC was 1.29 ± 1.71 mm and AHD was 9.71 ± 2.65 mm. In cuff tear group, the mean SOC was 3.15 ± 3.41 mm and AHD was 8.28 ± 1.76 mm. The mean SOCs of the patient group in relation to the mean SOC of the control group according to tear size, the SOCs of medium tear and lager groups showed statistically significant increase (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The SOC may be a similarly effective to diagnose cuff tears of medium size and larger compared with AHD.
Humans ; Humeral Head* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods* ; Rotator Cuff ; Scapula ; Shoulder ; Tears

Saccadic eye movement may be difined entirely on the basis of velocity-amplitude characteristics. Despite the obvious importance of saccadic peak velocity measurements, there is lack of agreement about saccadic velocity-amplitude relationships in general and particularly with regard to the direction of movement. The variability of the results is attributed mostly to different recording techniques used and partly to the sample size. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of saccadic direction for the determination of their possible influence upon the horizontal saccadic peak velocity. Therefore, six basic patterns of horizontal saccadic movement were determined and the direction and velocity of these basic patterns of the angular distance of 10 degrees were recorded and discussed. The experimental apparatus consisted of Biometrics Eye Movement Monitors, target function generators, oscillographic recorders and the other fixation devices. The experimental subjects were three healthy Korean adults. All experiments had been performed in the dark room for 4 weeks. The position and peak velocity of saccadic eye movement in the records were carefully observed and the data were analyzed statistically for significant change with the use of t-test at the 5 per cent level and the main results are as follows: 1. In the horizontal saccadic eye movement in the angular distance of 10 degrees, the production rate of undershoot or corrective movement is low and most of the saccadic eye movement are normal. 2. The mean of the saccadic peak velocity is 295.6 deg/sec in the angular distance of 10 degrees. 3. The mean horizontal saccadic peak velocity is faster in the nasal direction, as compared with the temporal direction, but the difference is not statistically significant. 4. The mean saccadic peak velocity is greater in the nasal than in the temporal direction among the velocities of the centering, decentering and symmetry but the difference is not statistically significant. 5. The analysis of the results showed that the mean horizontal saccadic peak velocity has no statistically significant difference between the nasal and the temporal direction in the angular distance of 10 degrees. Author feels that the methods and results of this study may be useful tools in the diagnosis and research of eye disease related to the nervous system and that further study to establish the standard data of saccadic peak velocity should be performed at the various angular distances.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Eye Diseases ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Nervous System ; Saccades* ; Sample Size

Most common annoyant for angular blepharitis has long been known as a diplobacillus of Morax-Axenfeld since 1897. Bacteriological study has been done on 56 patients (102 eyes) being suffered from angular blepharitis clinically diagnosed in the Dept. of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Most angular blepharitis involved bilaterally (82%), 34 cases of angular blepharitis were seen in the nasal canthus (61%). Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated from 50 eyes (49%) with angular blepharitis and staphylococcus au reus from 41 eyes (40%). No diplobacillus of Morax-Axenfeld was demonstrated in the culture from angular blepharitis.
Blepharitis* ; Humans ; Ophthalmology ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an almost essential component of extracellular matrices. Early in embryogenesis mesenchymal cells migrate, proliferate and differentiate, in part, because of the influence of HA. Since the features of embryogenesis are revisited during wound repair, including bone fracture repair, this study was initiated to evaluate whether HA has an effect on calcification and bone formation in an in vitro system of osteogenesis. Mouse calvaria Pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells were cultured in alpha-MEM medium with microorganism-derivative hyaluronic acid that was produced by Strep. zooepidemicus which of molecular weight was 3 million units. The dosages were categorized in each 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml concentration experimental groups. After 2 and 4 days cultures in expeirmental and control groups, the tendency of cell proliferation, MTT assay, protein synthesis ability, collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity were analysed and bone nodule formation capacity were measured with Alizarin Red S stain after 29 days cultures. The cell proliferation was increased in time, especially the group of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml concentration of HA were showed prominent cell proliferation. After 2 and 4 days culture, experimental groups in general were greater cell activity in MTT assay. The protein synthesis was increased in all experimental groups compared to control group, especially most prominent in 1.0 mg/ml concentration group. The collagen synthesis capacity were increased in HA experimental groups, especially prominent in 1.0 mg/ml group and the activity of alkaline phosphatase were increased, especially also prominent in 1.0 mg/ml group, compared to control group. Above these, the activity of mouse carvarial pre-osteoblast cells was showed greater bone osteogenesis activity in all applied HA experimental group, especially group of 1.0 mg/ml concentration of HA.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen ; Embryonic Development ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; Hyaluronic Acid* ; Mice* ; Molecular Weight ; Osteogenesis* ; Pregnancy ; Skull* ; Wounds and Injuries

Normal gingival fibroblasts functioning is fundamental for the maintenance of periodontal connective tissue as well as wound healing. Nicotine have been found to affect DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, which appear to depend on the type of cells. This in vitro study was done to determine the effects of nicotine, a major component of tobacco, on cell proliferation, viability, activity, cell cycle distribution, and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in human gingival fibroblasts. Nicotine has been tested for 2 days or 4 days in 5 different concentrations; 0.1 microgram/ml; 1 microgram/ml; 10 microgram/ml; 100 microgram/ml; 1000 microgram/ml. To assess cell proliferation and viability, viable and non-viable cells were counted by hemocytometer; to evaluate cellular activity, MTT assay was employed; to analyze cell cycle distribution, fluorescent propidium iodide-DNA complex were measured using fluorocytometer; to determine the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, western blot analysis was performed. After 2 days and 4 days incubation respectively, at concentrations of 1 microgram/ml - 1000 microgram/ml, nicotine significantly inhibited proliferation comparing to non-supplemented controls. The cell viability was significantly decreased after 2 days and 4 days at concentrations of 1 microgram/ml - 1000 microgram/ml and at 10 microgram/ml - 1000 microgram/ml respectively. After 2 days and 4 days, the cellular activity was significantly decreased at concentrations of 10 microgram/ml - 1000 microgram/ml. Treatment with 100 microgram/ml nicotine for 48 hours caused an increase in the proportion of G1-phase cells (from 46.41% to 53.46%) and a decrease in the proportion of S-phase cells (from 17.80% to 14.27%). The levels of cyclin D1 and CDK 4 proteins in nicotine-treated fibroblasts were lower than that of controls, whereas the levels of p16 and pRB were higher than that of controls. These results suggest that the decrease of cell proliferation and lengthened Gap phases (G1) by nicotine may due to the increased expression of p16 and pRB as well as decreased expression of cyclin D1 and CDK 4 in human gingival fibroblasts.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Proteins* ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Connective Tissue ; Cyclin D ; Cyclin D1 ; DNA ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans* ; Nicotine* ; Propidium ; Tobacco ; Wound Healing

No abstract available.
Apoptosis ; Cell Aging ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Tretinoin

Cyclosporin A is a cyclic polypeptide produced by the metabolism of fungi. It is widely used at present as immunosuppressive treatment following organ transplants. It is also used to deal with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or type II diabetes. Gingival hyperplasia is one of the most frequent side-effects associated with the prescription of Cyclosporin A. The mechanisms involved in Cyclosporin A induced gingival hyperplasia are not yet clear. In vitro Cyclosporin A promotes proliferation of gingival fibroblasts, that Cyclosporin A act as a mitogen. Its action is based on mitosis of gingival fibroblasts regulated by cell cycle regulatory proteins. It was the purpose of the present study to examine the effects of Cyclosporin A on human gingival fibroblasts by means of biological and biochemical criteria. In this present study, we examined change of cell proliferation, cell activity, cell viability and cell cycle progression after application of Cyclosporin A. We also examined expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins by western blot analysis. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured for 48 hours with application of Cyclosporin A at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/ml. Cyclosporin A(1 ng/ml) significantly increased the cell activity of gingival fibroblast. Proliferation and viability of gingival fibroblasts were also increased in group treated with 1 ng/ml of Cyclosporin A compared to control group. In the cell cycle analysis, S phase was increased and G1 phase was decreased in the group treated with 1 ng/ml of Cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin A increased the expression of cdk4 and inhibited the expression of pRB and p21. These results suggest that 1 ng/ml of Cyclosporin A may increase the cell cycle progression of human gingival fibroblasts, and its mechanisms may increase the expression of cdk4 and decrease the expression of pRB and p21.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Cyclosporine* ; Fibroblasts* ; Fungi ; G1 Phase ; Gingival Hyperplasia ; Humans* ; Metabolism ; Mitosis ; Prescriptions ; S Phase ; Transplants