No abstract available.
Reticulocytes*

No abstract available.
Temporal Bone*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The diagnostic methods for examining suspicious lesions in the breast are becoming less invasive, like core-needle biopsy. Yet, the risk of invasion has been reported to be up to 47% for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) initially diagnosed by core-needle biopsy. The value of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for DCIS has not been clearly proved. We searched for the factors associated with invasiveness of preoperatively diagnosed DCIS, and we determined the indications for performing SLNB for patients with preoperatively diagnosed DCIS. METHODS: Between October 1997 and December 2008, we retrospectively reviewed 135 patients with DCIS that was initially diagnosed by core-needle biopsy or other biopsy methods. We compared the invasive breast cancer group, which was finally diagnosed with the pure DCIS group in regards to clinical, radiological, and pathological factors. RESULTS: 21.5% of the patients with initial diagnosis of DCIS were finally diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. On univariate analysis, the statistically meaningful factors for invasiveness were palpable lesion (P<0.0001), core-needle diagnosis (P=0.007), large tumor size (P=0.028), high nuclear grade (P=0.002), and negative estrogen receptor (P=0.005). On multivariate analysis, a palpable lesion was the only independent risk factor (odds ratio 3.9 (1.1 to 13.8); P=0.035). Axillar lymph node metastases were found in three patients in the invasive cancer group. There was no lymph node metastasis in the DCIS group. CONCLUSION: We recommend that SLNB be considered in initially diagnosed DCIS with palpable lesion or high nuclear grade due to the high risk of invasiveness.
Biopsy ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nitriles ; Pyrethrins ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

No abstract available.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Palate

Chyle leakage is a rare complication of surgery for thyroid cancer that generally develops after lateral neck dissection. Here, we describe chyle leakages experienced after central neck dissection (CND). A total of 615 patients with thyroid cancer were treated by total thyroidectomy with CND between Jan 2012 and Dec 2012 at our facility, and three (0.49%) developed chyle leakages. The amounts of leakage were all less than 100 ml/day. One patient was resolved with conservative management, while the others were treated with conservative treatment and fibrin glue injection in chylous lymphocele. Chyle leakage after CND is very uncommon, and most cases involve minor leakage. Fibrin glue could be a treatment option for chyle leakage following CND.
Chyle* ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Humans ; Lymphocele ; Neck Dissection* ; Neck* ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy*

PURPOSE: BRAF mutation and expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) are linked with colorectal carcinogenesis through the serrated pathway. BRAF and ERK1/2 play important roles in the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. The present study investigated the clinicopathologic outcomes of BRAF mutation and ERK1/2 expression in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and the possibility of using them as prognostic indicators. METHODS: Dual-priming oligonucleotide-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction for BRAF(V600E) mutation and immunohistochemical analysis of ERK1/2 were performed using 65 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from patients with CRC. We analyzed the dependences of the clinicopathologic features on BRAF mutation and ERK1/2 expression. RESULTS: Out of 65 samples from CRC patients, BRAF mutation was detected in 3 (4.6%). The 3 patients with BRAF mutation presented with T3 CRC with lymph node metastasis (stage III) showing moderately or poorly differentiated histology. ERK1 and ERK2 were positively detected in 73.8% and 15.4% of the patients with CRC, respectively. ERK1 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.049). ERK2 expression was significantly correlated with tumor emboli (P < 0.05), tumor invasion (P = 0.035), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.017), and stage (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: BRAF mutation and ERK1/2 expression may be associated with advanced or more aggressive CRC. These molecular markers might play prognostic roles in CRC developed through the serrated pathway.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinogenesis ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phosphotransferases*

PURPOSE: Partial mastectomy without immediate volume replacement can be associated with cosmetic failure. The aim of the present study was to assess cosmesis achieved in patients who underwent partial mastectomy and reconstruction using absorbable surgical mesh. METHODS: We used absorbable surgical mesh (Polyglactin 910, Vicryl(R)) to repair defects after performing partial mastectomy in 25 patients. Endoscopy-assisted partial mastectomy was performed with conservation of the whole skin of the breast and areola. A tailored fan-shape mesh was inserted into the postoperative defect. The cosmetic appearance was evaluated using a simplified five-grade for five-items scoring system at 3 and 6 months after the operation. RESULTS: An excellent or good cosmetic result was obtained in 82.6% of the patients (19/23) after 3 and 6 months, and no major complications were noted. CONCLUSION: This procedure can be easily performed by general surgeons. Insertion of an absorbable surgical mesh into the postoperative defect could be an effective modality for reconstructing a defect after breast surgery.
Breast ; Cosmetic Techniques ; Cosmetics ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Seroma ; Skin ; Surgical Mesh

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A human cholesteatoma in the middle ear is characterized by the presence of a keratinizing epithelium from hyperproliferative properties. It needs intercellular signal exchange through gap junctions as well as intracellular signal pathway for hyperproliferation. Connexin (Cx) is a gap junction protein for intercellular communication, and especially Cx26 and Cx43 are plenty in human epithelial cells. The objective of this study was to analyze the expression pattern of Cx43 and Cx26 in human middle ear cholesteatomas against normal epitheliums. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Ten retroauricular skins (RAS), ear canal skins (ECS), and cholesteatomas were taken during middle ear operations at the Department of Otolaryngology. Immunohistochemical staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blotting were used to detect Cx43 and Cx26. RESULTS: In human cholesteatomas, Cx43 were expressed in the whole suprabasal layers, especially in the middle portion, except in the basal layer, and Cx26 were usually expressed in the supra layer and in the basal layers. But normal RASs showed weak expression of Cx43 in the upper spinosal and granular layers, but not in the basal layers, and the restricted localization of Cx26 in the basal layer. The expression of Cx43 and Cx26 in EASs was weak but showed similar patterns to that of cholesteatomas. In RT-PCR and Western blot, the expression of Cx43 and Cx26 were increased in cholesteatomas than in RASs. CONCLUSION: Human middle ear cholesteatomas showed upregulated expression and different localization of Cx43 and Cx26, gap junction proteins for intercellular communication, compared with normal RASs, suggesting that perturbations of intercellular communication through gap junctions may be associated with the pathology of human middle ear cholesteatomas.
Blotting, Western ; Cholesteatoma ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear* ; Connexin 43 ; Connexins* ; Ear Canal ; Ear, Middle* ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Gap Junctions* ; Humans* ; Otolaryngology ; Pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Skin