To make the objective standard of nuclear size in grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, we measured maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections from 65 cases by using computer-based image analysis system (Optimas 6.0). The maximal diameter of red blood cells were also measured to evaluate the ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells. The mean values of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections were 7.56microgram, 7.53microgram in nuclear grade 1, 8.92+/-0.98microgram, 9.02+/-0.74microgram in nuclear grade 2, and 12.90+/-1.47prn, 12.44+/-1.41microgram in nuclear grade 3, respectively. There were no significant differences between values of imprint cytology and histologic section. The ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells were 1.3-1.4:1 in nuclear grade 1, 1.6-1.7:1 in nuclear grade 2, and 2.2-2.3:1 in nuclear grade 3. Ths would be guidelines for grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast on routine surgical pathology work.
Breast ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Erythrocytes ; Pathology, Surgical ; Purpura*

PURPOSE: This study focused on in vitro cell differentiation and surface characteristics in a magnesium coated titanium surface implanted on using a plasma ion source. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 commercially made pure titanium discs were prepared to produce Ti oxide machined surface (M) and Mg-incorporated Ti oxide machined surface (MM). Surface properties were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On each surface, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red S staining for mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells, and quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression, were evaluated. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP and GAPDH performing RT-PCR were performed to characterize osteoclast differentiation on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). RESULTS: MM showed similar surface morphology and surface roughness with M, but was slightly smoother after ion implantation at the micron scale. M was more hydrophobic than MM. No significant difference between surfaces on ALP activity at 7 and 14 days were observed. Real-time PCR analyses showed similar levels of mRNA expression of the osteoblast phenotype genes; osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and collagen 1 (Col 1) in cell grown on MM at 7, 14 and 21 days. Alizarin red S staining at 21 days showed no significant difference. BMMs differentiation increased in M and MM. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP showed osteoclast differentiation to be more active on MM. CONCLUSION: Both M and MM have a good effect on osteoblastic cell differentiation, but MM may speed the bone remodeling process by activating on osteoclast differentiation.
Actins ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; Cell Differentiation ; Collagen ; Gene Expression ; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein ; Macrophages ; Magnesium* ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoclasts* ; Osteopontin ; Phenotype ; Plasma ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Surface Properties ; Titanium*

The systemic lupus erythematosus is a self-perpetuating disease with multisystem involvement, i.e.; skin, kidney, serous membrane, nervous system and other organs. The mortality in SLE is determined primarily by the extent of renal involvement and the degree of immunosuppression resulting from the therapy. We experienced two cases of lupus nephritis in SLE with clinical, serologic, immunologic and pathologic evaluations. Renal biopsy revealed focal and segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Both patients have been improving with prednisolone on follow-up studies.
Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerulonephritis ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Kidney ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Lupus Nephritis* ; Mortality ; Nervous System ; Prednisolone ; Serous Membrane ; Skin

Because clinical course of the Legg-Calve'-Perthes disease (LCPD) is varied and unpredictable, it is important that pediatric orthopedists have to know prognostic factors of LCPD in order to choose proper method of treatment. The most universally accepted prognostic factor is the patient's age at the onset of the disease, and most patient's who are less than 5 years old have been treated non-operatively. However, we believe that the extent of involvement of the femoral head is more important in this age group and that operative treatment can get good results in cases of servere head involvement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of femoral varus osteotomy in patients before the age of 5 years with severe involvement. We reviewed 18 patients (23 hips) who were less than 5 years old with Catterall group III (5 patients, 7 hips) or IV (13 patients, 16 hips) involvement from June 1984 to June 1994. Femoral varus osteotomies were performed in all cases. We followed up more than 2 years (range, from 24 to 130 months) and analysed clinical and radiological results. The results were as follows: 1. The mean duration from onset of the disease to the stage of repair was 16 months (range, from 8 to 27 months). 2. 2 hips (28.6%) in group III and 12 hips (75%) in group IV showed radiographic head at-risk signs. 3. Clinically all hips in group III showed good result. However, among the 16 hips in group IV, 13 hips were rated good and 3 hips were fair. Overall, 20 hips (86.9%) showed good result. 4. Radiologically all hips in group III showed good result, whereas in group IV, 10 hips were rated good and 6 hips were fair. Overall, 17 hips (78.9%) showed good result. We concluded that femoral varus osteotomy in patients less than 5 years old with severe involvement might shorten the course of disease and might be effective method.
Child* ; Child, Preschool* ; Fibrinogen ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease* ; Osteotomy*

Fractures of the carpal navicular is a serious injury, particulary in a manual worker, because non union and the resultant disability may limit the usefulness of the extremity. There is almost unanimous agreement that fresh fractures of the carpal navicular should be treated by immobilization in a plaster cast and how immobilization should be maintained. As a result of this study we have arrived at several conclusion regarding to the conservative treatment of fresh navicular fracture.
Casts, Surgical ; Clinical Study ; Extremities ; Immobilization

Dysplasia epiphysealis captitis femoris is a rare syndrome which after the hip joing in childhood. Pedersen(1960) was the first to differentiate dysplasia epiphysealis capitis femoris(DECF) from Perthes' disease. Scattered reports of this entity have appeared, and in 1964 Meyer defined the syndrome through explanation of its clinical and radiological characteristics. There is a clinical significance that DECF is clinical-radiologic syndrome which resemble Perthes' disease but has important differences, especially in its treatment and prognosis, We experienced two cases of DECF which are misdiagnosed as Perthes' disease. Therefore, pediatricians should keep in mind the possibility of the DECR among the Perthes' disease of younger children.
Child ; Hip ; Humans ; Prognosis

We anlized CT of 29 cases of various orbital disease in pediatric age group. Diagnoses were confirmed byeither operation or direct ophthalmoscopy. The patients were examined during the period of last 3 years. Theresults were as follows: 1. Of 29 cases, 21 were male and 8 were female, and the age ranged from 20 days to 15years. 2. Intraorbital tumors were 13 cases consisting of 7 retinoblastoma, 3 pseudotumor, and 1 each ofcongenital teratoma, cavernous lymphanngioma, and optic glioma, Of remaining 16 cases, 6 had orbital fracture, 5persistent hyperplastic primary viterous(PHPV), 3 vitreous opacity, and 2 primary glaucoma. 3. The CT findings ofthe retinoblastoma were a lobulated or oval soft tissue mass denisty (40-60HU) extending into the vitreous wtihoutsignificant enhancement on postcontrast scan. Of 7 cases, 4 had calcifications within the tumors. The extraglobalextension of the tumor was shown in 2 patients demonstrating markedly thickened sclera with enhancement anddilated optic nerve. 4. There were 5 patients with PHPV having a history of white pupil since birth, and all wereaffected unilateraly. Four patients had vitreous opacity and 3 of those showed either linear or branchingtree-like densities within the vitreous on the postcontrast scan. Another one had a lobulated increased densityprotruding into the vitreous which was difficult to differenciate from the similar finding of retinoblastoma.Remaining one case demonstrated a deformed and decreased density in the lesional lens without chaneg in thedensity of the vitreous. This was confirmed to be caused by persistence of the embryonic hyaloid artery attachedto the posterior capsule of the lens. 5. There were 3 patients with vitreous opacity and 2 of them were due toretinal detachment and 1 was caused by retrolental fibroplasia. The CT findings of retinal detachement werehomogenous or heterogenous opacities in the vitreous. In a case of retrolental fibroplasia, irregular, band-likedensity was seen along the posterior wall of the globe bilaterally. 6. Two cases of primary glaucoma showed largeglobe with a widened anterior chamber. 7. Among 6 cases of orbital fractures, 5 were blow-out fracture. Theblow-out fractures showed fractures of the medial orbital wall or orbital floor with herniated intraorbitalcontents into the neighboring ethmoid or maxillary sinus.
Anterior Chamber ; Arteries ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Nerve Glioma ; Orbit ; Orbital Diseases ; Orbital Fractures ; Parturition ; Posterior Capsule of the Lens ; Pupil ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinoblastoma ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Sclera ; Teratoma

Thelazia callipaeda, parasitic in the eye of 24 years old Korean male, was extracted from the left eye of the patient in Seoul, Korea. We confirmed that as T. callipeada morphologically, based on the descriptions of Hsu and other literature. We presents the 7th human thelaziasis case in Korea with the historical review of the literature.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Thelazia callipaeda ; thelaziasis ; case report

Thrombosis of one or both renal veins occurs in a variety of settings such as trauma, dehydration, extrinsic compression, nephrotic syndrome, pregnancy, oral contraceptives or invasion by tumor. Nephrotic syndrome and certain carcinomas seem to predispose to the development of renal vein thrombosis. The most common carcinoma which is associated with renal vein thrombosis is the renal cell carcinoma. But, renal vein thrombosis associated with tumor other than renal cell carcinoma is extremely rare. Our patient was diagnosed as lung and uterine cervical cancer by histologic examination. The patient complained of left flank pain. Abdominal CT scan shows the dilated left renal vein filled with hypodense material and parenchymal infarction on the left kidney. Renal arteriography shows cut-off sign on a branch of the left renal artery. Inferior venacavography revealed contrast-filling defect in the left renal vein. To our knowledge, renal vein thrombosis with lung and uterine cervical carcinoma is the first report in English literature. So, we have presented a rare case of a renal vein thrombosis in a patient with lung and uterine cervical cancer.
Angiography ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Dehydration ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Infarction ; Kidney ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Pregnancy ; Renal Artery ; Renal Veins* ; Thrombosis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Lung* ; Pneumocytes* ; Pneumonectomy* ; Rabbits*