No abstract available.
Umbilical Cord*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Blastocyst* ; Insulin* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Female ; Germ Cells* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Ovary*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the amniotic fluid levels and each ratio of activin A, inhin A and B in Down's syndrome and other complicated pregnancies. METHODS: This study was performed in 71 women who had undergone a midtrimester amniocentesis with the clinical indications and whose pregnancy outcome was retrospectively determined. Ten Down's syndrome, 15 complicated pregnancies including, preeclamsia, gestational diabetesis mellitus, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and 46 noncomplicated pregnancies with normal chromosome were included in this study. Amniotic fluid activin A, inhibin A and B were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney U test and regression analysis. RESULTS: There were significant positive correlation (r=0.277, p=0.011) between the ratio activin A/ inhibin B level and maternal age and significant positive correlation (r=0.261, p=0.015) between maternal age and the ratio inhibin A/inhibin B level. There were also significant positive correlation (r=0.202, p=0.045) between gestational weeks and inhibin A levels and significant positive correlation (r=0.474, p<0.001) between gestational weeks and inhibin B levels. Amniotic fluid inhibin A and inhibin B levels were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in Down's syndrome compared with the normal chromosomal groups but there was no difference in the ratio activin A/inhibin A and in the ratio activin A/inhibin B between these groups. The amniotic fluid levels of activin A, inhibins (A and B), each ratio of complicated pregnancies groups with normal chromosome was not significantly different from those of uncomplicated pregnancies with normal chromosome. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that amniotic inhibin levels were significantly decreased in Down's syndrome. But, activin A and each ratio were unchanged. The results suggest that activin A may be relatively decreased in each case of Down's syndrome.
Activins ; Amniocentesis ; Amniotic Fluid* ; Down Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibins* ; Maternal Age ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy* ; Retrospective Studies

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a complication defined as nausea and vomiting during early pregnancy. Wernickes encephalopathy is an illness of acute onset characterized by mental disturbance, paralysis of eye movements, and ataxia of gait cause by thiamine deficiency. We recently experienced a case of Wernickes encephalopalhy due to hyperemesis gravidarum, which is treated by administration of thiamine even though outcome of serious healthy problem to both mother and fetus, and reported it with a brief review of the literature.
Eye Movements ; Female ; Fetus ; Gait Ataxia ; Humans ; Hyperemesis Gravidarum* ; Mothers ; Nausea ; Paralysis ; Pregnancy ; Thiamine ; Thiamine Deficiency ; Vomiting ; Wernicke Encephalopathy*

PURPOSE: The relationship between altered HLA expressions and ovarian carcinogenesis is not fully elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histological evaluation comprised 20 serous adenocarcinoma, 5 borderline serous malignancy, 10 mucinous adenocarcinoma, 15 borderline mucinous malignancy. We used monoclonal antibodys to HLA class I beta2-microglobulin, class I B/C and class II heavy chain. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in HLA expressions between borderline serous malignancy and normal ovarian tissue. In serous adenocarcinoma, beta2-microglobulin, B/C and class II heavy chain expressions were down-regulated. In metastatic cancer, B/C and class II ex pressions were also down-regulated. But the HLA expression of tumor or normal stromal tissue in primary tumor, were not down-regulated compared with the tissues in metastasis. In borderline mucinous malignancy, class II expressions were down-regulated. In mucinous adenocarcinoma, beta2-microglobulin, B/C and class II expressions were down-regulated. In metastatic ovarian cancer, B/C and class II expressions were down-regulated. But, in borderline malignancy, the result failed to reach statistical significance except class II of borderline mucinous malignancy. CONCLUSION: Loss of HLA class I and II molecules in invasive ovarian cancers raises the possibility that this could be a mechanism for tumor cells to have invasiveness.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Carcinogenesis ; Mucins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms*

The foreign bodies in vagina cause intense inflammation. Genital complaints in patients could indicate the presence of a vaginal foreign object. Vaginal bleeding and blood-stained, foul-smelling discharge are considered to be the main clinical manifestations of vaginal foreign bodies, and toilet tissue reported as the most commonly found foreign body. The insertion of foreign bodies into the vagina is not uncommon but presentation as lower abdominal pain in an gynaecological clinic is rare. The causes of insertion are sexual stimulation, sexual abuse, accident of post-surgery and most cases find a solution after vaginal speculum examination. We describe a case of foreign body in the vagina of a patient presenting with chronic lower abdominal pain but undetectable and unrecognized in general examination.
Abdominal Pain ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Sex Offenses ; Surgical Instruments ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Vagina ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increasing recently. To establish the quick and accurate diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, we reviewed and analyzed the cases during recent 5 years. METHODS: Study datas was acquired from the 448 cases of the ectopic pregnancies who were managed and confirmed histopathologically at the our hospital from Jan. 1 1995 to Dec. 31 1999. RESULTS: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 1 in 20 deliveries. The most common age group was 26-30 years of age(34.4%). A previous history of abdominal or pelvic surgery was in 42.1% and tubal sterilization was in 14.1%, pelvic inflammatory disease was in 8.3%. Hemoglobin value over 10.0 gm/dl was in 79.2% and below 8.0 gm/dl in 4.5%. Initial systolic blood pressure risen above 100mmHg was in 79.0%. The most frequent intervals between last menstrual period and the onset of symptom was 6~8 weeks in 56.0%. The clinical manifestations were appeared in 78.8% from the last menstrual period to the next 4~8 weeks. In clinical symptoms, amenorrhea was encountered in 91.7%, lower abdominal pain in 88.3% and vaginal spotting in 47.3%. Ectopic gestation was implanted on the fallopian tube in 97.1%, the ovary in 1.1%, the cervix in 0.7%, the intraabdominal in 0.9% and 1 case was intramural pregnancy. Total amount of intraperitoneal hemorrhage between 100-999ml was in 59.5%, above 1,000ml in 37.5% and less than 100 ml in 3.0%. Of total 448 cases, laparotomy was done in 229 cases(51.0%) and pelvisopic surgery in 219 cases(49.0%). The mean hospital stay was 3.1 days in pelviscopy procedure and 5.0 days in laparotomy. The operative precedures were salpingectomy in 87.5%, salpingo-oophorectomy in 4.9%, cornual resection in 6.3%, ovarian wedge resection in 0.7%, and oophorectomy in 0.2%. There was no dead case in all ectopic pregnancy. Average admission period after laparoscopy was 3.1 day and after laparotomy was 5.0 day. CONCLUSION: The cognizing of increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancy, early diagnosis and early treatment is presumed to decrease mortality and increase fertility. The successful treatment and decision is a challenge to the clinician who must consider the patient's needs with appropriate tactfulness.
Abdominal Pain ; Amenorrhea ; Blood Pressure ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Fertility ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Length of Stay ; Metrorrhagia ; Mortality ; Ovariectomy ; Ovary ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Salpingectomy ; Sterilization, Tubal