Cardiac arrhythmias were produced in the dog by the injection of epinephrine during the inhalation of 26 per cent cyclopropane in oxygen. Cardiac arrhythmias were usually associated with a rise in arterial pressure, but they were also seen with no change or decrease in blood pressure. The beta adrenergic blocking agent propranolol (0.3 mg/kg) caused transient but significant decrease in blood pressure and heart rate, increased the pressor response to epinephrine, abolished or diminished the tachycardia following epinephrine, and ccnsistentiy increased the arrhythmia threshold dose of epinephrine to 12 times that of control. Lidocaine (1.0 mg/kg) did not significantly alter the blood pressure or heart rate, moderate the tachycardia following epinephrine, or consistently increase the arrhythmia threshold dose of epinephrine. From the available evidence together with the authors' it seems reasonable to conclude that the mode of antiarrhythmic action of propranolol differs from that of lidocaine and that the anesthetic-catecholamine cardiac arrhythmias are due to stimulation of beta adrenergic receptors.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Dogs ; Epinephrine ; Heart Rate ; Inhalation ; Lidocaine* ; Oxygen ; Propranolol* ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta ; Tachycardia

Uterine sarcoma whieh is originated from uterine muscle and/or connective tissues, is very rare malignant tumor and is the most lethel of all primary uterine tumors. This study was undertaken to correlate the clinieal findings, diagnoses, managements and ultimate outcome of each particluar grouy of uterine sarcoma at Depart,ment of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Korea University Hospital. The reaults were as follows, 1. The distribution of uterinesarcomaby histologic type was 5 cases (35.7%) for leiomyosarcoma, 5 cases (35.7%) for endometrial strornal sarcoma and 4 eases (28.6%) for mixed Mullerian tumor, 2. The mean age and yarity were 50.8 years and 3.1. 3. The most common syrrlptorn was irregular vaginal bleeding (64.3%), and lower abdominal pain (21.4%), abdominal palpable mass (14.3%) in order of frequency. 4. The distribution by YIGO clinical atage was 35.7% for stage I, 35.7% for stage II, 7.2% for stage IE and 21.4% for stage lV. The average survival time of each stage of disease was decreased with increasing stage. 5. The mean survival time was decreased with inereasing numbers of mitotic figure per 10 high power fields. 6. The mean survival time according to histologc type was 14.5 months for leiomyoaarcoma, 21.5 months for endometrial stromal marcoma, 5.8 months for malignant mixed Mullerian tumor, respectively.
Abdominal Pain ; Animals ; Connective Tissue ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gynecology ; Korea ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Obstetrics ; Sarcoma* ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterus*

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of increased plasma Progesterone(P) level on the day of hCG administration on oocyte /embryo development and implantation after blastocyst transfer in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycle with premature progesterone elevation for IVF-ET. METHODS: Seventy controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles for IVF-ET were underwent with GnRH agonist and hMG/FSH in 70 women. Embryos were cocultured up to the blastocyst stage and transferred into the uterine cavity. The cycles were devided into two groups depending on the levels of plasma P on the day of hCG administration, and the clinical results in both groups were analysed and compared each other. High P group was defined when the level of plasma P was higher than 0.9 ng/mL. RESULTS: Fertilization rates, cleavage rates and blastulation rates were similar in the low and high P groups. Blastulation rates were increased in high quality (morphological characteristics) D 2-3 preembryo regardless of the P levels during the late follicular phase(p <0.001). However, clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate and implantation rate were higher in low P group compared with high P group(p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Premature P elevation did not deteriorate the developmental potential of oocyte, but had a harmful effect on pregnancy rate and implantation rate. So we suggest that early ET on the day 2-3 (after ovum pick-up) without delaying another several days to avoid the advanced maturation of secretory endometrium might be better than blastocyst transfer in patients with premature P elevation.
Blastocyst* ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures ; Endometrium ; Female ; Fertilization ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Oocytes ; Ovum ; Plasma ; Pregnancy Rate ; Progesterone*

Ultrasonography is a predominantly accurate, relatively simple unique diagnsotic method of obstructive jaundice. The ultrasonographic findings of obstructive jaundice are dilated intra- and extrahepatic duct with intraluminal hyperreflective echo or mass in and/or around the bile duct. The superiority of high resolution real time ultrasonography for the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice is based on the easy detectability of extra-and intrahepatic bile ducts by its multiple sectional images in a short time, the flexibility of probe and the small crystal size. Author evaluated real time sonographic findings 46 obstructive jaundice patients confirmed by surgery or radiographical examinations. The results were: 1. Diameter of extrahepatic duct in obstructive jaundice were varied from normal to 4.0 cm, mostly 8 to 10 mm in diameter (26%). Degree of dilatation of biliary duct appeared more prominent in cancer patients than any other causes of obstruction. 2. The site of obstruction was detected in85% (39/46) and its common site was common bile duct in 63% (29/46). 3. The diagnostic accuracy of choledocholithiasis and cancer was 82% (22/27) and 44% (4/9), respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of the real time ultrasonography in obstructive jaundice was over all 75% (34/46).
Bile Ducts ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Choledocholithiasis ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Methods ; Pliability ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans

Castleman's disease(Giant lymph node hyperplasia) is a pathologic entity of unknown etilogy, as attested to bythe number of names it has received, lymphoid hamartoma, angiomatous hamartoma, and giant lymph node, etc.Although the mediastinum is its most common location, it also occures in other areas of the body, usually wherelymph nodes are normally found. Authors have been experienced 2 cases of histologically porven Castleman's diseaseduring recent 3 years in Kyung Hee University Hospital, and present its radiological and pathological findings asmediastinal mass.
Hamartoma ; Lymph Nodes ; Mediastinum

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytohistologic correlation and the clinical significance among patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL) identified on cervical Pap smear screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pathologic reports of patients who have underwent cervical Pap smear screening at Korea university Ansan hospital from January 1997 to December 1998 were evaluated. Cytologic diagnosis was classified by the Bethesda System (TBS). Among these patients, the patients whose histologic diagnosis was established by cervical punch biopsy, LEEP, conization, and hysterectomy were targetted. Cytohistologic correlation were analysed in ASCUS, LSIL, and HSIL respectively. RESULTS: During 2 year period (1997-1998), total 3587 Pap smears were taken. The median rate of abnormal cytology was 7.2%, with 4.6% of ASCUS, 0.8% of LSIL, 1.3% of HSIL, and 0.5% of squamous cell carcinoma. The median ratio of ASCUS versus SIL was 2.2. Smears with ASCUS showed 46.9% with chronic cervicitis, 40.6% with LSIL(35.9% with koilocytotic atypia, 4.7% with mild dysplasia), 10.9% with HISL, and 1.6% with invasve squamous cell carcinoma on biopsy. Smears with LSIL showed 38.1% with LSIL(9.5% with koilocytotic atypia, 28.6% with mild dysplasia), and 28.6% with HSIL on biopsy. Smears with HSIL showed 27.8% with LSIL, 63.9% with HSIL, and 8.3% with invasive squamous cell carcinoma on biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Smears with ASCUS showed 53.1% with SIL and cancer on biopsy. But most of theses cases revealed koilocytotic atypia rather than dysplasia, so conservative management such as repeated Pap smear is desirable. On the other hand, because smears with LSIL showed dysplasia rather than koilocytotic atypia on biopsy, more active management such as colposcopic directed biopsy is required.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Conization ; Diagnosis ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hand ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Uterine Cervicitis

BACKGROUND: Silicone implants are frequently used in augmentation rhinoplasty in Asians. A common complication of silicone augmentation rhinoplasty is capsular contracture. This is similar to the capsular contracture after augmentation mammoplasty, but a classification for secondary contracture after augmentation rhinoplasty with silicone implants has not yet been established, and treatment algorithms by grade or severity have yet to be developed. METHODS: Photographs of 695 patients who underwent augmentation rhinoplasty with a silicone implant from May 2001 to May 2015 were analyzed. The mean observation period was 11.4 months. Of the patients, 81 were male and 614 were female, with a mean age of 35.9 years. Grades were assigned according to postoperative appearance. Grade I was a natural appearance, as if an implant had not been inserted. Grade II was an unnatural lateral margin of the implant. Clearly identifiable implant deviation was classified as grade III, and short nose deformation was grade IV. RESULTS: Grade I outcomes were found in 498 patients (71.7%), grade II outcomes in 101 (14.5%), grade III outcomes in 75 (10.8%), and grade IV outcomes in 21 patients (3.0%). Revision surgery was indicated for the 13.8% of all patients who had grade III or IV outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to clinically classify the deformations due to secondary contracture after surgery and to establish treatment algorithms to improve scientific communication among rhinoplasty surgeons. In this study, we suggest guidelines for the clinical classification of secondary capsular contracture after augmentation rhinoplasty, and also propose a treatment algorithm.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Classification* ; Contracture ; Female ; Humans ; Implant Capsular Contracture ; Male ; Mammaplasty ; Nose* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rhinoplasty ; Silicon* ; Silicones* ; Surgeons

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in various malignancies including carcinoma of the breast, lung, esophagus, cervix, and stomach. In patients with cervical carcinoma, its overexpression may be associated with advanced stage and poor prognosis. So, we evaluated the levels of serum EGFR in patients with cervical carcinoma. The level of EGFR extracellular domain was determined in serum from 57 cervical carcinoma patients(adenocarcinoma: 2, squamous cell carcinoma: 39, carcinoma in situ(CIS): 16) and 28 cases of healthy control using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(Calbiochem). In invasive carcinoma, serum EGFR level was measured in 11 cases of Stage Ia, 9 cases of Stage Ib, 4 cases of Stage IIa, 15 cases of Stage IIb, 2 cases of stage III patients. The mean ages of the healthy controls, of the wome with carcinoma in situ(CIS), and with invasive cervical carcinoma were not different(49.3, 44,4, 49.5, respectively, p 0.241). The mean serum level of EGFR in healthy control(n 28), carcinoma in situ(CIS)(n 16), and invasive carcinoma patients(n=41) were not significantly different(71.4+/-12.8fmol/ml, 79.2+/-26.8fmol/ml, 61.8+/- 18.4 fmol/ml, respectively, p=0.071). In conclusion, the expression of EGFR was not increased in patients with cervical cancer compared with normal women. And no significant differences were found depending on the clinical stage.
Breast ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervix Uteri ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Esophagus ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Prognosis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Stomach ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Hyper-activated depressor septi nasi is an important factor caused a nasal tip drooping and many studies have been carried out, however it still remains controversial. This study presents a surgical modality for its intervention, based on the anatomical study. Eleven fixed and six fresh cadavers were used for the study. We found that the depressor septi nasi was consisted of three fascicles. Medial fascicles were inserted into the dermocartilaginous ligament, and deep fibers of the medial fascicles were attached to the anterior nasal spine. After superficial fibers were interdigitated with the orbicularis oris, they were attached to the alveolar bone. Intermedial fascicles were inserted to the footplates of the medial cruses and the caudal septum. After they were interdigitated with the medial fascicle and the orbicularis oris, they were attached to the alveolar bone. From April to August 2008, five patients had surgical intervention for hyper-activated depressor septi nasi. Medial and intermedial fascicles were detached completely from the anterior nasal spine and the septum through intranasal approach. Tip droopings were improved in all cases. Specific complications were not found. We believe that surgical intervention through intranasal approach is a useful method for correction of tip drooping.