Finances of health insurance can be explained by factors determining benefit expense and premium collection. This study was conducted to analyze factors contributing to the financial status of rural health insurance. Nationwide 134 health insurance associations except the six pilot project counties were analyzed and obtained the followings. 1. In univariate analysis, statistically significant variables that explain 1) outpatient benefit expenditures include public health center utilization, proportion of pregnant women, premium and collection rate of premium 2) inpatient benefit expenditures include public health center utilization, proportion of old age, proportion of pregnant women, premium and collection rate of premium 3) profits include public health center utilization, proportion of old age, proportion of pregnant women and collection rate of premium. 2. In multiple regression analysis, statistically significant determinants in 1) outpatient benefit include premium and public health utilization 2) inpatient benefit include premium 3) profit include public health center utilization, premium and collection rate of premium.
Female ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Insurance ; Insurance, Health* ; Outpatients ; Pilot Projects ; Pregnant Women ; Public Health ; Regression Analysis ; Rural Health

A 55-year-old woman suffered from upper abdominal pain for two months and remained refractile against the anti-ulcer regimen. The palliative gastrectomy specimen revealed multiple shallow ulcerations on the thickened mucosal folds mainly in the antrum and body along the greater curvature where multiple, whitish nodules were found in the submucosa. Microscopically, individual submucosal nodules clearly corresponded to the necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis which were featured with diffuse fibrinoid necrosis of arterial walls accompanying granuloma formation and heavy infiltration of neutrophils, eosinophils, histiocytes and giant cells. Similar vasculitic lesions involved venules and arterioles. There were scattered vasculitic changes in the liver biopsy specimens and omentum. There were no clinical presentations or serological support of systemic involvement including systemic lupus erythematosus, Henoch-Schoenlein purpura, cryoglobulinemia or Churg-Strauss granulomatous vasculitis. We conclude that this is a hitherto undescribed primary necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis predominantly involving the stomach.
Abdominal Pain ; Arterioles ; Biopsy ; Cryoglobulinemia ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Giant Cells ; Granuloma ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Liver ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Omentum ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Stomach* ; Ulcer ; Vasculitis* ; Venules

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Mitomycin* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

In this study an attempt was made to determine the factors affecting anemia in female industrial workers. The population was identified through the records of screening examinations given by Kosin Medical Center to the industrial workers in Sasang Industrial Complex during the period from March 1987 to October 1988. One hundred twenty eight cases were selected from the records screening examination of 155 anemic patients. A case-control study was carried out using matched 128 anemic cases and 128 non-anemic workers who were selected by simple random sampling. Age was matched, and their occupational history, general characteristics, physical characteristics and health status were analyzed. The results were; 1. In the anemic group, educational level was lower, and the frequencies of irregular menstruation and poor appetite were higher than in the control group but these differences were statistically not significant. 2. The percentage of working with organic solvents, working hours and years of service (total years exposed to organic solvents) were significantly higher in the anemic group than those in the control group. 3. A career exposed to organic solvents was more influential factor affecting anemia in the female industrial workers rather than menstruation amount of other factors, and it was statistically significant.
Anemia* ; Appetite ; Case-Control Studies ; Female* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Menstruation ; Solvents

No abstract available.
Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Fetus* ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Trisomy*

Grant`s syndrome is an uncommon form of secondary open angle glaucoma in which trabecular precipitates without significant anterior chamber inflammation is characteristic and gonioscopy may often reveal irregular peripheral anterior synechiae which often attach to the trabecular precipitates. Grant`s syndrome may be confused with primary open angle glaucoma and glaucomacyclitic crisis. However primary open angle glaucoma has no trabecular precipitates and glaucomacyclitic crisis has no trabecular precipitates and peripheral anterior synechia. We have experienced one case of Grant`s syndrome in which elevated intraocular pressure was present associated with inflammatory precipitates on the trabecular meshwork and peripheral anterior synechia without significant anterior chamber inflammation. We report this case with review of available literature.
Anterior Chamber ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Gonioscopy ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Trabecular Meshwork

Grant`s syndrome is an uncommon form of secondary open angle glaucoma in which trabecular precipitates without significant anterior chamber inflammation is characteristic and gonioscopy may often reveal irregular peripheral anterior synechiae which often attach to the trabecular precipitates. Grant`s syndrome may be confused with primary open angle glaucoma and glaucomacyclitic crisis. However primary open angle glaucoma has no trabecular precipitates and glaucomacyclitic crisis has no trabecular precipitates and peripheral anterior synechia. We have experienced one case of Grant`s syndrome in which elevated intraocular pressure was present associated with inflammatory precipitates on the trabecular meshwork and peripheral anterior synechia without significant anterior chamber inflammation. We report this case with review of available literature.
Anterior Chamber ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Gonioscopy ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Trabecular Meshwork

Split hand split foot(SHSF) is a rare human developmental defect characterized by mi-ssing digits, fusion of remaining digits, and a deep median cleft in the hands and feet. Cy-togenetic studies of deletions and translocations associated with this disorder have indicated that an autosomal dominant split hand/split foot locus maps to 7q21-q22. We have experienced a case of ectrodactyly in a 25-year-old primigravida woman and her baby and reported out our experience with a review of related literature.
Adult ; Female ; Fetus* ; Foot ; Hand ; Human Development ; Humans

We reviewed the clinical features, prevalence, pathophysiology, and prevention and treatment of delirium in patients with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, has neurotropic properties, and can penetrate the central nervous system and affect brain neurons. These characteristics may explain the fact that COVID-19 patients may be particularly susceptible to delirium. COVID-19 delirium occurred more frequently in intensive care unit and emergency room settings. Patients with neurologic disorders and the elderly were more vulnerable to delirium. Clinical symptoms of COVID-19 delirium may manifest as a hyper/hypoactive type. Prevention and treatment appear to be similar to conventional treatment strategies. And the patient’s feeling of isolation due to social distancing and a highly intensive labor force of medical personnel must be overcome. Melatonin, alpha-2 agonist, antipsychotics, and valproic acid have been recommended for the treatment of delirium symptoms. However, this article did not go through a systematic literature review.