No abstract available.
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

Rheumatoid patients have poor bone quality and also have an increased incidence of sepsis, delayed wound healing, and general overall complications. It is the purpose of this paper to assess the clinical and roentgenographic results of ABG total hip replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. Twenty-six total hip arthroplasties done in seventeen patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied prospectively. The average follow-up was 3 years and 4 months, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years and 7 months. The average age of the patients was 49.7 years (range 36-63) and there were sixteen females and one male. All patients fulfilled the 1987 revised criteria and there were eleven cases of protrusio acetabuli. All patients except two were taking oral steroids, nineteen cases were classed as Singhs index 1, five cases as Singhs index 2, and two cases as Singhs index 3. The Charnley approach with a trochanteric osteotomy was employed in all patients. Cup fixation was achieved with two spikes in twenty-one cases, two spikes and one screw in five cases, and in all cases the acetabular cup was angled at less than 45 from the horizontal. There was a gap between the acetabular cup and the acetabulum at DeLee and Charnley zone 1 in three cases, and at zone 2 in six cases. At 2 years, there was no radiolucency, reactive line or any sign of bone resorption. The development of cancellous and cortical densification was seen in Gruen's zone 2 and 6 for the first time in the 1 year radiographs. It became more prominent in the 2 year radiographs. The reactive bone line first became visible at the 6 month follow-up in the Gruen's zone 3 and 5. These lines extended more proximally, but it did not involve the proximal HA coated portion. Cortical hypertrophy of diaphysis was seen at Gruen's zone 3 and 5 in five cases. Rounding off of calcar was visible at zone 7 in six cases. There were no radiological changes of the femoral side in fourteen cases and the acetabular side in seven cases. There was one case of wire breakage, one case of trochanteric separation, and one case of intraoperative splitting of calcar. The result of the study indicated that the development of osseointegration in rheumatoid arthritis might be slow, but the clinical and radiological results were satisfactory. Further prospective follow up is necessary to determine whether the favorable early result of HA coated implant are maintained over longer periods.
Acetabulum ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Bone Resorption ; Diaphyses ; Durapatite* ; Female ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Incidence ; Male ; Osseointegration ; Osteotomy ; Prospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Steroids ; Wound Healing

The authors have made an anatomy CD titled Human Anatomy (Ministry of Culture & Tourism registration number 980052) for the self study by students and have used it in anatomy classes. For better student -centered and individual education, the introduction of remote education or interactive tutorial site was inevitable. In this study, amelioration report will be presented on the development and trials of this interactive tutorial site. Total hits for attending classes were 337.5 times, making 4.1 hits per student. About 76 messages were posted on the Q&A board, less than one per student. One assignment was given per lecture and all 82 students have submitted their report. Without delay after test, all students were able to check their grades and ranks between other students. Professors were able to evaluate the percentage of correct answers per question and the average of the score. An online discussion was held for 30 minutes after each lecture. On average, 37 students were participated in the discussion. After the term, evaluation survey in the remote education or interactive tutorial on the internet was made. Eighteen students (26%) have chosen 'good', 'bad' 13 students (19%), 'not much different' 38 students (55%). One the other side, 8 (12%)-'good', 19 (28%)-'not much different', 32 (46%)-'bad' figures were shown for remote examination. From this result, it is guessed that students who are not used to using computers have shown negative feeling from the burden that they had to use a computer to take exams, not demonstrating their full ability. To see all the results of this study, you can log in at http://anatomy. hallym.ac.kr as guest ID '000' and password '000'.
Education* ; Humans ; Interactive Tutorial ; Internet

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Glucuronidase* ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal* ; Milk* ; Milk, Human*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Scrub Typhus*

We have investigated the two types of voltage-dependent outward potassium (K) currents, i.e. delayed rectifier K current (I-K(V)) and 'A-like' transient outward K current (I-to) with patch-clamp technique in single smooth muscle cells (SMCs) isolated from rabbit basilar artery, and investigated the characteristics of them. The time-courses of activation were well fitted by exponential function raised to second power (n-2) in I-K(v) and fourth power (n-4) in I-to. The activation, inactivation and recovery time courses of I-to were much faster than that of I-K(V). The steady-state activation and inactivation of I-K(V) was at the more hyperpolarized range than that of I-to contrary to the reports in other vascular SMCs. Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA; 10 mM) markedly inhibited I-K(V) but little affected 1-to. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) had similar inhibitory potency on both currents. While a low concentration of Cd-2+ (0.5 mM) shifted the current-voltage relationship of I-to to the positive direction without change of maximum conductance, Cd-2+ did not cause any appreciable change for I-K(V).
4-Aminopyridine ; Basilar Artery* ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle* ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium* ; Tetraethylammonium

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human Troponin T & I (TnT, TnI) has several isoforms which have different functional property. This study was designed to describe the isoform expression of TnT & TnI in failing and hypertrophic human heart and during normal development. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Myocardium was attained from hypertrophic hearts (n=10) of TOF patients who underwent myomectomy, from failing hearts (n=10) of transplant recipients, from normal hearts (n=5) of patients in brain death and from aborted fetal hearts (n=5). After the extraction of RNA, RT-PCR was performed for TnT & TnI isoforms and GAPDH to evaluate the isoform expression qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS: In terms of TnI, slow skeletal TnI was expressed more than cardiac TnI in fetal hearts[ratio of Troponin over GAPDH (R)=1.3:0.5] but cardiac TnI was dominant in adult hearts (r=0.3:1.1) (p 0.05). Failing hearts showed similar pattern with adult hearts (r=0.3:1.2) and hypertrophic hearts showed the intermediate pattern (r=0.9:1.3). In terms of TnT, T1 and T3 were expressed in fetal hearts (r=0.04, 0.8) but only T3 was expressed in adult hearts (r=1.1). Failing hearts and hypertrophic hearts showed similar pattern with adult hearts and no differences in the amount of expression (r=1.4, 1.3). CONCLUSION: There is isoform switch from fetal to adult form during development and it might be responsible for the differences of myocardial functional property between fetal and adult heart. Failing and hypertrophic hearts showed no differences with normal hearts, which means the isoform switch of TnT & I might have no significant role in functional disturbances in these conditions.
Adult ; Brain Death ; Fetal Heart ; Heart* ; Humans* ; Myocardium ; Protein Isoforms ; RNA ; Transplantation ; Trinitrotoluene ; Troponin T* ; Troponin*

Massive pulmonary embolism is a major cause of morbidity and death in hospital. Most episodes of acute pulmonary embolism occurred from multiple emboli. When pulmonary embolism is suspected, the definitive diagnosis is pulmonary arteriography, but high degree of certainty can also be achieved with ventilation-perfusion scanning. The therapeutic modalities available for patients with acute pulmonary embolism are prophylatic and definitive therapy. Prophylatic therapy including anticoagulant with heparin is used to prevent further emboli episodes that might be fatal. Definitive therapy for pulmonary embolism including thrombolytic agents and pulmonary embolectomy attempts to dissolve and remove the resolution of the pathophysiologic sequelae of pulmonary embolism. We experienced a case of acute massive pulmonary embolism which occupied the pulmonary arteries bilaterally. Patient with orthopedic surgery one month before developedd dyspnea and chest tightness. Eventhough continuing enough amount of anticoagulant therapy, rapid hemodynamic deterioration and severe hypoxia occurred progressively. Urgent pulmonary embolectomy was succeeded and he has been followed up at out patient department.
Angiography ; Anoxia ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Embolectomy ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; Hemodynamics ; Heparin ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; Thorax

A 25-year-old 7 month pregnant woman with mitral stenosis was hospitalized because of life threatening hemoptysis dispite intensive medical treatment. Emergency mitral commissurotomy resulted in prompt cessation of hemorrhage and at nine months follows-up, the hemoptysis has not recurred. Mitral valve surgery appears to be consitently associated with rapid and sustained cessation of hemoptysis. Therefore, surgery should be considered in hemoptysis due to mitral stenosis, particulary when the danger of asphyxiation exists.
Adult ; Emergencies* ; Female ; Hemoptysis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Stenosis* ; Pregnant Women