No abstract available.
Depression, Postpartum* ; Female ; Postpartum Period*

OBJECTIVETo determine the expression of Skp2 in different prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines and tissues, and explore its influence on the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway and development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

METHODSThe expression levels of Skp2 and AR in different PCa cell lines were detected by Western blot. After knockdown of Skp2 in the C4-2 and 22RV1 cells transfected with shRNA, the expressions of AR and P27 were determined and the activity of ARR3-Luc measured by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay following treatment with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The expressions of AR and Skp2 in human naïve PCa or CRPC specimens were detected by immunohistochemical staining followed by analysis of their differences and correlation.

RESULTSThe Skp2 protein expression level was significantly higher in the C4-2 or 22RV1 cells than in the LNCaP cells. DHT treatment increased the expression of Skp2 in the C4-2 cells, but knock-down of Skp2 significantly up-regulated the expression of the well-known downstream protein P27 and down-regulated that of AR. Consistently, DHT treatment increased the activity of ARR3-Luc, while knockdown of Skp2 remarkably decreased it in the C4-2 and 22RV1 cells (P < 0.05). In addition, significantly higher expressions of Skp2 and AR were observed in the CRPC than in the naïve specimens (P < 0.05), with a positive correlation between the two proteins (r = 0.658 1, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSkp2 can enhance the expression and transcription activity of the AR protein in CRPC cells or tissues and is promising to be a critical molecular therapeutic target.

Androgens ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dihydrotestosterone ; pharmacology ; Disease Progression ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; metabolism ; Receptors, Androgen ; genetics ; metabolism ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins ; physiology ; Transcriptional Activation ; Up-Regulation

No abstract available.
Pregnancy Rate* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Occupational Health*

OBJECTIVETo establish the qualitative and quantitative detective methods of Herba Polygoni Orientalis.

METHODIsorientin, orientin, protocatechuic acid and gallic acid in Herba Polygoni Orientalis were identified by TLC. The contents of isorientin and orientin in Herba Polygoni Orientalis were determined by HPLC.

RESULTIsorientin, orientin, protocatechuic acid and gallic acid could be identified by TLC. Isorientin and orientin were well separated with Diamonsil C18 column and acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (18:82) as mobile phase. The linear range of isorientin was 0.075-0.90 microg. The average recovery of isorientin was 98.8% and RSD was 2.1%. The linear range of orientin was 0.041-0.49 microg. The average recovery of orientin was 98.8% and RSD was 2.1%.

CONCLUSIONThe methods can be used for qualitative identification and quantitation determination of Herba Polygoni Orientalis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Gallic Acid ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; Luteolin ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results

A culture of the Leptospira species and the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) are considered as the reference standard for the diagnosis of leptospirosis, but both tests are imperfect for early diagnosis. We describe 4 patients diagnosed with leptospirosis using nested polymerase chain reaction (N-PCR) that targeted the 16S rRNA gene and the passive hemagglutination assay (PHA). In our 4 cases, Leptospira DNA in the urine, plasma, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), was detected by N-PCR in the early phase of leptospirosis, except in the sample from the buffy coat. Especially, case 3 showed that N-PCR with the urine and CSF was positive 8 days after symptom onset, but not for the plasma or buffy coat. We report 4 cases of leptospirosis that were diagnosed by N-PCR that targeted the 16S rRNA gene with urine, plasma, or CSF, but not the buffy coat. Three were cured by doxycycline but the case 4 was fatal. Detection of Leptospira DNA by PCR from the urine and CSF, in addition to plasma, may be helpful to confirm the diagnosis.

No abstract available.
Brain ; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases

Retroperitoneal liposarcoma comprises 12 to 45 percent of all liposarcoma. It has been a therapeutic dilemma and a less prognosis because of its tendency to attain a tremendous size due to early silent growth and difficult wide en bloc excision in the retroperitoneum. Here in we report a case of retroperitoneal liposarcoma in 51 year old male patient with a brief review of the literatures.
Humans ; Liposarcoma* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis

PURPOSE: The long term results of pubovaginal fascial sling surgery were evaluated in female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and were compared with concomitant surgery in pelvic organ prolapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 47 SUI patients were treated with pubovaginal fascial sling surgery between 1997 and 2000. A satisfaction evaluation and success grading of the operation were studied. A postoperative evaluation was performed via a survey questionnaire, uroflowmetry and post-void residuals. RESULTS: Forty-five patients (95.7%) showed successful results at the 2- & 5-year follow-ups, but 2 patients (4.3%) failed. There were no significant differences in success rates according to Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) and the pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Thirty-one patients (66.0%) were satisfied with their result, while 16 (34.0%) were unsatisfied at the 2-year follow up. Those unsatisfied with the result included 8 with a urethral obstruction, 6 with urge incontinence and 2 with persistent SUI. Two patients with prolonged urinary retention had undergone urethrolysis. Postoperative de novo and persistent urge incontinence occurred in 2 and 4 patients, respectively. Two patients with persistent SUI were cured using the midurethral sling. Finally, forty-one patients (87.2%) were satisfied with the results, while 6 (12.8%) were unsatisfied at the 5-year follow-up. CONCLISIONS: The 5-year follow-up results of the pubovaginal fascial sling surgery showed a high success rate and relatively good results with respect to satisfaction with the procedure. If a urethral obstruction and urge incontinence are treated carefully, sling surgery can be considered as an efficient method for any type of urinary incontinence.
Female* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse ; Questionnaires ; Suburethral Slings ; Urethral Obstruction ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge ; Urinary Retention

OBJECTIVES: There was an outbreak of foodborne and waterborne disease among high school students at Okcheon in June, 2018. First attack occurred June 5(th) but seven days later it was notified. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the pathogen of outbreak and cause of delayed notification. METHODS: First, we did a questionnaire survey for 61 cases and 122 controls to find what symptoms they had and whether they ate foods or drank water from June 2(nd) to June 12(th). Second, we investigated the environment of cafeteria and drinking water. Third, we examined specimen of cases and environment to identify bacteria or virus. RESULTS: Attack rate of this outbreak was 7.8%. Drinking water was strongly suspected as a source of infection in questionnaire survey but we could not find the exact time of exposure. Norovirus was identified in specimen of cases (2 students), drinking water (at main building and dormitory) and cafeteria (knife, dishtowel, hand of chef) CONCLUSIONS: We decided norovirus as the pathogen of this outbreak based on the clinical features of cases with diarrhea vomiting, abdominal pain and recovery within 2 or 3 days after onset, outbreak due to drinking water and microbiologic examination, And the cause of delayed notification might be the non-existence of the nurse teacher at that time and the lack of understanding of teachers on immediate notification under the outbreak. To prevent the delayed notification, notification system about outbreak of foodborne and waterborne disease in school is needed to be improved.
Abdominal Pain ; Bacteria ; Diarrhea ; Drinking Water ; Hand ; Humans ; Norovirus* ; Vomiting ; Water ; Waterborne Diseases*