Studies in recent years have demonstrated that stromal cell-derived factor-1 SDF-1/CXCR4 axis plays an important role in the process of angiogenesis. The expression of SDF-1 in ischemic tissue increases during cerebral ischemia. It binds to CXCR4 receptor on the surface of endothelial progenitor cells EPCs, and thus promotes bone marrow-derived EPC mobilization, proliferation, and migration to the ischemic areas and homing. EPCs differentiate into mature endothelial cells in the ischemic region, promote the formation of new blood vessels, and thus irrlprove the blood supply to ischemic tissue. This article reviews the effect of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the treatment of cerebral ischemia with EPCs.

BACKGROUND:The effect of placenta-derived growth factor(PLGF)on promoting vascular regeneration remains uncertain.In studies of models with PLGF deletion,PLGF has been considered to play critical role in inducing angiogenesis.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research advances in effect of PLGF and its receptor in vascular regeneration and ischemic cerebral disease.METHODS:A computer-based online search of Pubmed and CNKl was performed for relevant articles published between 1990 and 2009 with key words of"PLGF"in Chinese and"PLGF angiogensis"Articles related with biological characteristics of PLGF and its roles in vascular regeneration and articles related with angiogenesis and PLGF expression after cerebral ischemia were selected.Repetitive articles were excludedRESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The role of PLGF and its receptor in vascular regeneration,mechanism of PLGF and its receptor to promote angiogenesis,vascular endothelial growth factor A,and the expression of PLGF and its receptor in brain after cerebral ischemia were introduced.PLGF can promote pathological angiogenesis,arteriogenesis,branch formation and hemopoietic progenitor cell mobilization.PLGF and its receptor play an important role in the angiogenesis of ischemic cerebral disease and display a good clinical prospect in the treatment of ischemic cerebral disease However,the specific role and mechanism require further study.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which electro-acupuncture (EA) promotes revascularization in the brain after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.Methods The Sprague-Dawley rat model of focal cerebral ischemia was made by filament occlusion. The rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, and an EA group. The model and EA groups were each divided into 5 subgroups receiving reperfusion 1, 3,7, 14 or 21 days after ischemia. EA was given at the bilateral Hegn point (LI 4) in the EA group. The expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α) mRNA was detected using a RT-PCR in the 3, 7 and 14 day subgroups.The immunohistochemical method was employed to detect the expression of SDF-1α protein. Results Compared with the control group, expression of SDF-1α protein increased significantly in the model and EA groups. Compared with the model group, the expression of SDF-1α mRNA increased significantly in the 3, 7 and 14 day subgroups.SDF-1α protein expression and microvessel count increased slightly but not significantly in the 1d subgroup, but the increases were significant in the 3, 7, 14 and 21 day subgroups.Conclusions EA may promote angiogenesis in an ischemic area of the cortex by increasing the expression of SDF-1αmRNA and its protein after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

Metabolic markers were released in the process of bone resorption and formation during bone remodelling. These markers have been extensively studied in trials of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone disorders during the past de?cades. Bone metabolic markers can replenish bone mineral density in the management of osteoporosis, but their use in clini?cal practice is challenged by their variability. Recently, there are many great progress in research of bone metabolic markers application in non metabolic bone disorders.

Objective To evaluate whether ABCD2 score can discriminate dizziness patients with and without stroke. Methods This retrospective case-control observational study was conducted in 403 hospitalized patients. According to the final discharge diagnosis, the patients were divided into two groups:the stroke group and non-stroke group. The areas un-der the receiver-operator curves and 95%confidence intervals were then generated to estimate the diagnostic value. Re-sults ABCD2 score was higher in stroke group than in non-stroke group. Conclusions ABCD2 score can be used to quickly identify dizziness patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

In order to nurture the undergraduate majors of nutrition to fit society’s need,it is necessary to establish a new market-oriented talent training mode adaptable to both the market and society. This mode can also provide reference for the talent training of other emerging professions. Exploring the argument basis,theoretical design,practical development and research plan of this mode.

Objective To observe the effect of l-3-n-butylphthalide(l-NBP)on the of nuclear factor-?B and I?B-? in primary cultured murine brain glial cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reoxygenation(OGD/R).Methods Cultured mouse brain glial cells in vitro and established OGD/R model.Glial cells were divided into five groups: normal control(NC)group,OGD 24 h/R 24 h group,l-NBP 20 ?mol/L group,l-NBP 100 ?mol/L group,l-NBP 500 ?mol/L group.The protein expression of NF-?B in nuclear and I?B-? in endochylema were analyzed by Western blot.Results Comparing with NC group,OGD 24 h/R 24 h group showed a significantly higher expression of NF-?B(P

Objective:To investigate the expression of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B)subunits P50 and c-Rel protein in primary cortical neurons of Wistar rats at different time points of oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R).Methods:The neurons dissociated from the cortex of the neonatal rats were primary cultured and were identified by immunocytochemistry.OGD/R model was established.The study was divided into 6 groups according to different processing methods,including normal group,OGD 4 h treated,OGD 4 h/R 2 h treated,OGD 4 h/R 6 h treated,OGD 4 h/R 12 h treated and OGD 4 h/R 24 h treated groups.The expression of NF-?B P50 and c-Rel protein in neurons was examined by immunocytochemistry method and Western blotting.Results:(1)Immunocytochemistry detection targeting neuron specific enolase(NSE)and beta-Ⅲ tubulin confirmed that the cultured cells were neurons.(2)The expression of NF-?B P50 protein was significantly higher in OGD 4 h group than in control group(P

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of circular dumbbell decoy oligodeoxynucleotides targeting NF-?B on TNF-? expression in cortical neurons under the oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R).Methods The cultured neurons dissociated from the cortex of neonatal rats were observed on the 7th day after culture.To make the ischemia/reperfusion model in vitro,the neurons were exposed to OGD 4 h before cultured in normal culture media.The neurons were divided into 5 groups according to different processing methods 2 h before exposure to OGD,including normal group,OGD4 h/R6 h treated,NF-?B decoy ODNs treated,scrambled decoy ODNs treated and TransfastFastTM Transfection Reagent treated groups.The protein level of NF-?B P65 in primary neurons was detected by Western blotting.The protein and mRNA levels of TNF-? were detected by immunocytochemical method and RT-PCR,respectively.Results NF-?B decoy ODNs could effectively inhibit the expression levels of NF-?B P65 protein,TNF-? mRNA and protein in neurons(P

Astroglia is the first cell type in the central nervous system to encounter insult after brain ischemia. Then ischemia stimulates hypertrophic and proliferative changes in astroglia and induces it produce inflammatory factors involved in the initiation of immunologic cascade. The expression of these cytokines which interact in the central nervous system can both damage and protect the brain tissue. Therefore, it is important to study astroglia and cytokines in order to find a new way to reduce inflammation insults after brain ischemia.