Clinical

MOHs micrographic surgery is a technique of microscopic margin control in the surgical management of skin cancers particularly at cosmetically sensitive sites. This review article is aimed at sharing our initial experience of performing MOHs surgery for skin cancers in Malaysia since 2015.

Animals ; Carotid Arteries ; physiology ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Arteries ; physiology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Humans ; Rats ; Vertebral Artery ; physiology

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; pathology ; Leg ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous ; immunology ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Skin Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology

Objective To understand the ammonia pollution level in indoor air in Chengdu city,China.Methods 50 newly decorated houses included resident houses,offices and public places were selected in Chengdu city.The national standard method of China-Berthelot spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentration of ammonia in indoor air.Results The result showed that the average concentration of ammonia was 0.307 mg/m3,the rate of exceed standard limit was 58.33%,the highest concentration was 0.598 mg/m3,which was almost three times of the national standard limit.At 4 months after decoration,the concentration of ammonia decreased near to the national standard limit(0.20 mg/m3).Conclusion As the time goes on,the concentration of ammonia in indoor air shows a downtrend,and in general,it will reach to the safe level in 4 months after decoration,so it is suggested to move in the newly decorated houses after five months since the decoration finished will be better for human health.

Objective To investigate the impact of LY294002 on the proliferation of cancer stem cell-enriched spheroid cells from human hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinaseprotein kinase B(PI3K-Akt)signaling pathway. Methods The cancer stem cell-enriched spheroid cells were genera-ted by culturing HepG2 cells in serum-free medium. LY294002(10,20,30 μmol/ L),an inhibitor of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,was used in the experimental groups,without used in the control group. The impact of LY294002 on the spheroid cells proliferation was confirmed by cell counting kit(CCK-8 kit). The expression of Akt was tested by Western blotting. The expression of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway downstream genes such as decoy receptor 3(DcR3),mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),B-cell lymphoma(Bcl)-2 and Cyclin D1 were tested by real-time PCR. Results 30 μmol/ L LY294002 could inhibit the proliferation of spheroid cells, and significant difference in the absorbance(A value)was observed between the experimental group and control group[(0. 14 ± 0. 03)vs(0. 56 ± 0. 01),t = - 8. 915,P = 0. 000]. The expression level of phosphorylated Akt protein increased[(0. 57 ± 0. 08)vs(0. 16 ± 0. 42),t = 6. 027,P = 0. 026]. The mRNA of DcR3 [(0. 38 ± 0. 08)vs 1,t = 13. 060,P = 0. 006],mTOR[(0. 37 ± 0. 04)vs 1,t = 30. 363,P = 0. 001],Bcl-2 [(0. 26 ± 0. 04)vs 1,t = 33. 554,P = 0. 001]and Cyclin D1[(0. 10 ± 0. 02)vs 1,t = 63. 528,P = 0. 000] decreased. Conclusion LY294002 could inhibit the proliferation of cancer stem cell-enriched spheroid cells from human hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibiting PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Introduction: Steven-Johnson syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis are rare but life threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs. To determine the epidemiology of SJS, TEN and SJS/TEN overlap in University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Methods: All patients admitted to UMMC from year 2013-2015 for SJS, SJS/TEN, TEN were recruited. The classification of SJS, SJS/TEN overlap and TEN was made based on the criteria laid down by Bastuji et al.2 Results: A total of 32 patients were recorded to have SJS, SJS/TEN overlap and TEN from 2013 to 2015. Drugs (n=32, 86.49%) remained the most common aetiology of SJS and TEN. The top three commonest drugs are allopurinol (n=6), followed by carbamazepine (n=5) and bactrim (n=3). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that drugs were the most common cause of SJS/TEN. Antibiotics were the most common drug group that caused SJS/TEN. Awareness of the common etiology such as drug is important and high index of suspicion of SJS and TEN is needed if patients were on the above medications.

0.05)],which less than in control group [(4.614?1.683) IU/cm,(0.119?0.068) IU/cm,(564.2?53.8) ?m Pa

Objective:To explore the effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) in peritoneal macrophages of septic mice and its possible mechanisms.Methods:Ihe mouse peritoneal macrophages were isolated and cultured by conventional methods.The model of inflammation was established by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to incubate with mouse peritoneal macrophages.The PGE2,prostaglandin E receptor (EP) 4 agonist,EP4 RNAi,and DN.CREB inhibitory plasmid were used to interfere with the LPS-treated mouse peritoneal macrophage.The levels of HMGB 1 was determined by Western blot.Results:Compared with LPS alone treatment,the expression of HMGB 1 in peritoneal macrophages was increased obviously after 24 h by treatment with PGE2 and LPS,and it was also increased after the combined treatment of EP4 receptor agonist with LPS for 24 h (both P<0.05);compared with the PGE2+LPS treatment,the level of HMGB1 was decreased after knockdown of EP4 receptor expression (P<0.05);compared with EP4 receptor agonist +LPS treatment,there was no difference in HMGB1 levels in mice after the treatment with DN.CREB plasmid to suppress CREB function (P>0.05);compared with LPS alone treatment,the combined treatment of EP4 receptor agonist with LPS for 24 h could up-regulate the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and protein kinase B (Akt) thr308 (P<0.05),which were blocked by EGFR inhibitor.Once Akt specific inhibitor was used before EP4 and LPS treatment,the expression of HMGB1 was declined (P<0.05).Conclusion:PGE2 can up-regulate the expression of HMGB1 in sepsis of peritoneal macrophages through EP4 receptor,which may be related to the activation of EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

To study the chemical constituents from the the deep-sea fungus Alternaria sp. F49. Seven compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract by using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and HPLC methods. Based on the spectroscopic analysis, their structures were identified as (8R)-5-O-methyl-orcinotriol (1), orcinotriol (2), α-acetylorcinol (3), 3'-hydroxyalternariol 5-O-methyl ether (4), altenusiol (5), altenusin (6), and 5'-methoxy-6-methyl-biphenyl-3,4,3'-triol (7). (8R)-5-O-Methyl-orcinotriol (1) is a new phenolic compound which has never been reported in the literature. Compounds 4-7 showed strong DPPH free radical scavenging activity; whereas compounds 1-7 showed strong ABTS free radical scavenging activity.