Childhood epilepsy which has high prevalence rate and inception rate is one of the commonest problem encountered in pediatrician. In contrast with epilepsy of adult, in childhood epilepsy, more variable and varying manifestations are found because the factors of age, growth and development exert their influences in the manifestations and the courses of childhood epilepsy. Moreover epilepsy children have associated problems such as physical and mental handicaps, psychological disorders and learning disability. For these reasons pediatrician who deals with epileptic children experiences difficulties in making diagnosis and managing them. In order to improve understanding and management of childhood epilepsy, authors reviewed 103 cases of epileptic patients seen at pediatric department of Yeungnam University Hospital retrospectively. The patients were classified according to the type of epileptic seizure. Suspected causes of epilepsy, associated conditions of epileptic patients, age incidence and the findings of brain CT were reviewed. Large numbers of epileptic patients (61.2%) developed their first seizures under the age of 5. The most frequent type of epileptic seizure was generalized tonic-clonic, tonic, clonic seizure (49.5%), followed by simple partial seizure with secondary generalization (17.5%), simple partial seizure (7.8%), atypical absence (5.8%) and unclassified seizure (5.8%). In 83.5% of patients, we could not find specific cause of it, but in 16.5% of cases, history of neonatal hypoxia (4.9%), meningitis (3.9%), prematurity (1.9%), small for gestational age (1.0%), CO poisoning (1.0%), encephalopathy (1.0%) were found. 30 cases of patients had associated diseases such as mental retardation, hyperactivity, delayed motor milestones or their combinations. The major abnormal findings of brain CT performed in 42 cases were cortical atrophy, cerebral infarction, hydrocephalus and brain swelling. This review stressed better designed classification of epilepsy is needed and with promotion of medical care, prevention of epilepsy is possible in some cases. Also it is stressed that childhood epilepsy requires multidisciplinary therapy and brain CT is helpful in the evaluation of epilepsy with limitation in therapeutic aspects.
Adult ; Anoxia ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Brain Edema ; Cerebral Infarction ; Child ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy* ; Generalization (Psychology) ; Gestational Age ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Intellectual Disability ; Learning Disorders ; Meningitis ; Poisoning ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures

We studied the effects of the acute intermittent peritoneal dialysis in severe acute renal failure of 1 newborn infant and 2 young infants during 18 months period from February 1985 to April 1986. The predisposing illnesses were severe acute gastroenteritis with dehydration. Reye's syndrome, and bilateral nephrolithiasis with hyperuricemia. The concomitant illnesses were severe hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulopathy). Paralytic ileus, metabolic acidosis and gastrointestinal bleeding. As a dialysate, Imperinol solutionR, 1.5% was used in all cases. The cycles of dialysis were 8, 16, and 41 times in each cases. Observed complications during dialysis were leakage, and abdominal wall and scrotal swelling in 2 cases, hyperglycemia in 1 case, and peritonitis in 1 case. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was cultured in peritoneal fluid of peritonitis. These complications were treated by stopping dialysis in leakage and abdominal wall swelling, insulin therapy in hyperglycemia, and intraperitoneal and systemic antibiotics therapy in peritonitis. We experienced improvements of severe acute renal failure with variable concomitant illnesses by acute intermittent peritoneal dialysis despite of the treatable complications of dialysis in all cases.
Abdominal Wall ; Acidosis ; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ; Acute Kidney Injury* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ascitic Fluid ; Dacarbazine ; Dehydration ; Dialysis ; Gastroenteritis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hyperkalemia ; Hypernatremia ; Hyperuricemia ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Hyponatremia ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Insulin ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Nephrolithiasis ; Peritoneal Dialysis* ; Peritonitis ; Reye Syndrome

Femoral neck fracture has given marked attention to the orthopaedic surgeon due to complications, such as avascular necrosis of femoral head, non-union and degenerative arthritis, moveover common in older age group since early part of the 20th century. It is one of disabling and unsolved problems, so various techniques and implants were introduced and applied. Percutaneous Knowles pinning is one of simple, safe and reasonably effective method in treating femoral neck fracture, provided it is performed correctly. Nineteen cases of femoral neck fracture treated with precutaneous Knowles pinning at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Medical Center were analyzed and following result were obtained. l. Among the 19 cases, 13 cases were female and 6 cases were male, and high incidence was noted in older age group. 2. The amout of bleeding during operation was less than 100ml and the operative time was less than one and half hour under the local anesthesia in majority. 3. Good result was obtained in the group of operation less than 3 days after initial injury compared to more than 3 days group. 4. There was high complication rate in poor group than acceptable group according to Garden alignment index and we could predict the end result by aid of alignment index. 5. There was no cast immobilization in case of stable reduction, good fixation and good Rapport. 6. Bony union was established within 4.7 months in non-displaced fracture and 7.3 months in displaced fracture in average. 7. There were 1 case of avascular necrosis. 3 cases of non-union and 2 cases of degenerative osteoarthritis and poor results were correlated with Garden stage.
Agriculture ; Anesthesia, Local ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Femur ; Head ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Male ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Operative Time ; Osteoarthritis

To make better clinical diagnosis, authors reviewed 9 patients of nonchromosomal multiple malformation disorders with psychomotor retardation, who were evaluated at pediatric department of Yeungnam University hospital for recent 2 years. We could make clinical diagnosis in 5 patients out of 9 as Aarskog syndrome, BeckwithWiedemann syndrome, Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, Rubinstein Taybi syndrome and Weaver syndrome. But even in diagnosed cases, there were many discrepant findings in comparison with typical cases of reference literatures and family history was positive in only one case. Moreover we could not make diagnosis in 4 patients. Therefore we think it is necessary to make a survey of unique pattern, incidence, distribution and etiologic factors of malformation disorders in our country by geneticist and pediatrician as well as to improve the laboratory aids for better diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Diagnosis ; Genetic Counseling ; Hallermann's Syndrome ; Humans ; Incidence ; Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meningitis, Bacterial*

Bartter's syndrome is a rare tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, hyperreninemic, hyperaldosteronism, hyporesponsiveness to pressor agents and juxtaglomerular apparatus heperplasia. We report a case of Bartter's syndrome of a 5 month-old male infant with subdural hematoma who was confirmed by characteristic clinical, laboratory findings and kidney biopsy.
Alkalosis ; Bartter Syndrome* ; Biopsy ; Epilepsy* ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Infant ; Juxtaglomerular Apparatus ; Kidney ; Male ; Seizures*

In 1961, Salter had devised the innominate osteotomy in treating C.D.H, which has been one of the most popular methods in these days. 14 hips with 12 patients who have been admitted and received Salters innominate osteotomy in the department of orthopaedic surgery, National Medical Center, from Feb. 1974 to Dec. 1976, were evaluated as for the results. Clinical analysis and follow-up study were carried out in 14 hips with C.D.H. and the following results were obtained. The mean age of the cases was 34 months, and sex preponderance of female to male was 11: 1. The ratio of left to right was not significantly different. 2 cases of complication out of 12 cases was found; redislocation and subluxaiton respectively. The age of first detection of C.D.H., was surprisingly late around 18 months old. In addition, approximately 12 months has elapsed between the first detection of C.D.H. and the first consultation to doctor. Assesment of the result was carried out by Severine and Macays method respectively; Radiological evaluation was as followings: (Severine) Excellent: 4, Good: 8, Fair: 1, Poor: 1. Clineal evaluation was as followings: (Macay) Excellent: 4, Good: 7, Fair: 1, Poor; 1, Failure: 1.
Equidae ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Osteotomy

PURPOSE: Leptin is a highly hydrophobic 16-kDa protein encoded by the ob gene which is expre- ssed in adipocytes and participates in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. The aims of the present study were to examine the comparison of leptin levels between type I diabetes mellitus (DM) patients who received exogenous insulin therapy and healthy children, and to find out correlating factors with leptin level in type I DM. METHODS: The study was conducted on 34 patients with type I DM and 29 healthy children. Body weight, height, leptin level and body fat percent were measured in both groups. The glycosylated hemoglobin value, C-peptide, insulin level and serum cholesterol were also measured in type I DM. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in mean age, sex distribution and body mass index between the experimental groups, but body fat percent in type I DM was significantly lower than that of healthy children. The mean leptin levels in male (9.4+/-6.3ng/mL) and female (17.8+/-10.2ng/mL) type I DM were significantly higher than in male(6.3+/-5.7ng/mL) and female (10.2+/-0.9ng/mL) healthy children (male : P=0.045, female : P=0.005). Serum leptin levels were strongly correlated with the body fat percent (Pearson coefficient) (r=0.712). CONCLUSION: Serum leptin level in type I DM strongly correlated with the body fat percent. Despite lowered body fat percent in type I DM, the leptin level was significantly higher than values in healthy children. The mean leptin level in type I DM were significantly higher than value in healthy children, but body fat percent of type I DM was lower than value in healthy children who were adjusted for sex, age and body mass index.
Adipocytes ; Adipose Tissue ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; C-Peptide ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Eating ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Insulin ; Leptin* ; Male ; Sex Distribution

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Respiration, Artificial ; Survival Rate ; Ventilators, Mechanical*

No abstract available.
Seizures*