Acrylonitrile is most commonly used aliphatic nitrile compounds characterized by the structural formula R-C=N and used mossy to make acrylic fibers, plastics, synthetic rubber, and wall coverings. In recent, because of its extensive usage and the rapid expansion of the chemical industry, many poisonings have been reported and many studies on its health effects have been performed. Acute toxicity resembles cyanide poisoning and results mainly in effects on the nervous system. High exposure also can cause temporary damage to red blood cells and the liver and can cause lead to death. Because long-term occupational exposure to the acrylonitrile has been with cancer in humans, the U.S EPA classifies acrylonitrile as probable carcinogen. For this reason, The federal government has developed regulations and advisories to protect individuals firm the potential health effects of acylonitrile in the environment, but there are few studies, case reports and regulations of the government in our country. We experienced acute poisoning caused by acrylonitrile inhalation that occurred in an industrial accident. So, we report this case with literature reveiw.
Accidents, Occupational ; Acrylonitrile* ; Chemical Industry ; Elastomers ; Erythrocytes ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Liver ; Nervous System ; Occupational Exposure ; Plastics ; Poisoning* ; Social Control, Formal

No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Risk Factors* ; Spirometry*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital* ; Humans

The posterior cruciate ligament plays as basic stabilizer of the knee. Therefore the knee becomes unstable when tibial insertion of the posterior cruciate ligament is avulsed. The diagnosis may be delsyed or missed because of surgeon's 1sck of awareness or rare condition. The authors treated seven cases of avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligsment at the tibial attachment ares ranged from ten to thirty-two years. There were five male and two female. The results were as follows : 1. The cause of all seven cases injury was traffic accident. 2. The physical findings were seven positive posterior drawer test, seven cases of abrasion or laceration over the anterior proximal tibial surface and antero-medial surfsce of the knee joint. 3. The associated injury was comminuted fracture of the tibia and femur (1 case), rupture of collateral ligsment and comminuted fracture of the tibia (1 case) and zygomatic fracture (1 case). 4. The treatment methods were four cancellous fixation, one K-wire fixation after epiphyseal plate fusion but each one pull out wire and dexon suture before epiphyseal plate fusion. 5. The motion of knee joint was within normal limit and no instsbility was inspected at the three months after reduction.
Accidents, Traffic ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Femur ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Lacerations ; Male ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Rupture ; Sutures ; Tibia ; Zygomatic Fractures

The epidural injection of corticosteroid reduces the inflammatory process of the neural structure and its neighbor structures. Morphine, also injected epidurally, has been reported to alleviate severe pain with the short-acting property. In attempt to prolong the effectiveness of pain relief, we have studied the effect of the epidural injection of the morphine and steroid frorg May 1987 to Oct. 1987, and compared with the effect of the epidural injection of the steroid and local anesthetics from Jan. 1986 to Oct. 1987. In this study, we obtained following results; 1. The major causative diseases were herniated necleus pulposus in 34 cases(48.5%), spinal stenosis in 16 cases(22.9%) and spondylolisthesis in 9 cases(12.9%). 2. In morphine-injected group, 100% of acute group and 92.3% of chronic group was improved. In non-morphine injected group, there was no significant difference between the acute and chroinc groups. 3. The effect of epidural morphine and steroid was as follows; Complete relief 14 cases (63.6%), marked improvement 5 cases(22.7%), moderate improvement 2 cases(9.2%) and no relief 1 case(4.6%). The overall improvement was resulted in 21 cases(95.4%). 4. The effect of epidural steroid and local anesthetics was as follows; Complete relief 10 cases(20.8%), marked improvement 14 cases(29.2%), moderate improvement 12 cases(25%~ and no relief 12 cases(25%). The overall improvement was resulted in 36 cases(75%). 5. The average duration of pain relief was 2.5 months in morphine injected group and 1.3 months in non-morphine injected group. 6. The side effects associated with opiate, such as generalized pruritus, nausea, vomiting and urinary retention were reported in 16 cases(72.7%), but responded readily to Naloxone injection and subsided within 24 hours. It is considered that epidural injection of morphine and steroid prolong the effect and duration of pain relief for low back pain and sciatica when compared with the epidural injection of steroid and local anesthetics.
Anesthetics, Local ; Injections, Epidural ; Low Back Pain ; Morphine ; Naloxone ; Nausea ; Pruritus ; Sciatica ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spondylolisthesis ; Urinary Retention ; Vomiting

A Paralytic hip with subluxation or dislocation may be treated by any of the ischial seat brace, hip fusion, muscle or tendon transfer, and more recently Pembertons or Salters osteotomy. 61 hips on 45 cases have been reconstructed, by one or combination of various procedures at Seoul National University Hospital during the 7 year period from October 1963 to October 1970. Follow-up results of these hips were evaluated by the reporters' according to the criteria of both functional and mechanical stability. Of the 43 cases with known results 9 rated Undetermined, 2 Fair, 5 Good, and 27 Excellent. Analysis of the 27 Excellent cases suggests that the most satisfactoy results can be obtained when the hips are attacked by concomitant functional(muscle or tendon transfer) and mechanical (Pembertons or Salters osteomy) stabilizations. In our experience, a combination of muscle or tendon transfer and an arthroplasty of Pemberton or Salter type can be carried out at the same setting, and at the same time results in better and more permanent rehabilitation of the hip than either muscle or tendon transfer or arthroplaty alone and often eliminates braces and the need for hip fusion, and thus a flail hip can be functionally salvaged. Our approach has become more aggressive in recent years, and we sometimes do not hesitate radical operations in children below 5 years of age or in convalescent stage of poliomyelitis in order to prevent further progression of hip deformities. More recently, Sharrards posterior transplantation of the iliopsoas tendon, originally described for reconstruction of paralytic hips in meningomyelocele, was carried out in 4 cases of residual poliomyelitis and we are satisfied with the initial results.
Arthroplasty ; Braces ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Meningomyelocele ; Osteotomy ; Poliomyelitis ; Rehabilitation ; Seoul ; Tendon Transfer ; Tendons

The authors carriod out lumbodorsal fasciotomy on six cases of paralytic scoliosis with pelvic obliquity. In our experience, in those older children and adolescents with paralysis in whom scoliotic curve is not severe and is more or less static, correction and maintenance of the correction can be achieved by lumbodorsal fasciotomy without resorting to spine fusion. While it is a common practice to leave a mild and static curve uncorrected, even a mild degree of scoliosis, when associated with pelvic obliquity, abduction contracture of the hip, instability of the other hip and leg length discrepancy, is a major problem in paralytic patients. Initial results indicate that lumbodorsal fasciotomy, combined with contralateral Soutters or Campbells fasciotomy if necessary, is a simple and effective method in correcting these deformities and restoring balance and function.
Adolescent ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Health Resorts ; Hip ; Humans ; Leg ; Methods ; Paralysis ; Scoliosis ; Spine

The present study was undertaken to observe the quality and quantity of lipid constituents by the developing Ascaris suum eggs. The collected eggs from the uterus of A. suum were classified into 3 groups, i.e., single cell stage, morula stage and embryonated eggs, and were subjected to analyse their lipid fractions. To obtain the morula stage eggs, 10 to 11 incubation days at 30 degree C were needed and for the embryonated eggs, 30 to 31 days were lasted. At the time of experiment, their indices of development by Hoffman were 285(morula stage) and 42 (embryonated stage) respectively. Lipid extraction was done by the methods of Folch et a1. (1957) and Kenny (1952), and then the extracted lipid fractions from the above 3 groups of eggs were separated by thin layer chromatography. Those fractions were also subjected to perform the quantitative analyses of fatty acids, glycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids. The results obtained were summarized as follows. Total amount of fatty acid was decreased from 12.9 mg per gram of eggs (single cell stage) to 6.6 mg/gm (embryonated eggs), whereas the proportion of free fatty acid to total fatty acid was constantly increased from 77.5 percent to 89.4 percent during the period of egg development. Total amount of glycerides was also increased from 33.0 mg/gm of single cell stage to 55.9 mg/gm of the embryonated eggs. The most abundant glyceride among 3 glycerides discovered from A. suum eggs was triglyceride, and the least was monoglyceride. The amount of free cholesterol was much larger than that of ester form in general, and it reached maximum in the eggs of morula stage (4.6 mg/gm). The increase of total cholesterol was monitored during the development of A. suum eggs from 3.3 mg/gm to 5.4 mg/gm. The following 8 phospholipids were detected in the embryonated eggs, i.e., lysophosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol, sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and unknown phospholipid. But in the single cell stage eggs, 4 kinds out of the above 8 phopholipids were not observed, and in the morula stage eggs, 2 kinds were absent among the 8 phospholipids.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Ascaris suum ; ovum ; lipid ; fatty acid ; glycerides ; triglyceride ; monoglyceride ; cholesterol ; lysophosphatidyl choline ; phosphatidyl inositol ; sphingomyelin ; phosphatidyl choline ; phosphatidyl glycerol ; phosphatidyl serine ; phosphatidyl ethanolamine ; phopholipids ; biochemistry

No abstract available.

In attempt to investigate histone fractions and non-histones of parasites, nuclei were isolated from Fasciola hepatica by the procedure of Pogo et al. (1966). Histone fractions H1, H2a, H2b, H3 and H4 were prepared from isolated nuclei by the procedure of Johns (1964 and l967). The five histone fractions found in most tissues were also present in the Fasciola hepatica histones. These histone fractions were characterized by amino acid analysis and by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. Non-histone proteins were extracted from isolated Fasciola hepatica nuclei and separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results of the experiment were summarized as follows: The yield of whole histone recovered was 2.47 mg per 1 g of Fasciola hepatica. The yield of DNA was 1.02 mg per gm of tissues. Consequently the DNA to histone ratio was 1:2.44. The relative amounts of five fractions, i.e., Hl, H2a, H2b, H3 and H4 were 19.96 percent, 26.48 percent, 29.60 percent, 12.56 percent and 14.37 percent, respectively. Amino acid analysis of the individual histone fractions showed that the over-all compositions were similar but not identical to those of corresponding fraction from calf thymus. It was found that histone H2b fraction of Fasciola hepatica contained detectable amounts of epsilon-N-monomethyllysine. No evidence for the presence of methylated lysine or other side-chain derivatives was reported on this histone fraction. In SDS-polyacrylamide disc gel, it showed that 17 protein bands of nuclear acidic protein can be identified visually.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fasciola hepatica ; histone ; DNA ; biochemistry ; amino acid ; epsilon-N-monomethyllysine