The aim of this study was to investigate adult individuals' perceptions on the association between chronic diseases and oral health provide basic data required for motivating individuals to follow ideal oral health behaviors and boost their interests in oral disease prevention and treatment. Subjects in their 20s to 50s were selected through the convenience sampling method and eleven questions were set as factors and answered via self-administered questionnaires. To determine statistical significance, analysis of variance was used with the level of significance set at 0.05. The subjects' perception of the association between chronic diseases and oral health were analyzed with respect to their health behaviors. Individuals with relatively higher stress levels demonstrated higher levels of perception levels (p<0.05). Public education regarding the association between chronic diseases and oral health has not been ideally effective in South Korea. Thus, the general public's perceptions of the association between chronic diseases and oral health should be revised. In addition aspects regarding this matter should be enhanced within oral health education programs which often only focus on demonstrating the importance of oral health management so that individuals can get sufficient information on the association between chronic diseases and oral health.
Adult ; Chronic Disease* ; Education ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Methods ; Oral Health*

In Uremic condition, Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ensues due to phosphate retention, low level of calcitriol, decreased calcium absorption from intestine, skeletal resistance to the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), hypocalcemia and eventually parathyroid hyperplasia. Theoretically, Reversal of hyperparathyroidism can be expected after successful kidney transplantation. However, Some patients show continuous increase of parathyroid function due to autonomous excretion of PTH, in which case, we could assume a tertiary hyperparathyroidism. There were sporadic reports for the treatment of tertiary hyperparathyroidism after successful kidney transplantation. And in some aspects, there remains a controvesrsy about the timing of parathyroidectomy. The occurrence of a single parathyroid adenoma after kidney transplantation is ever unusual finding. In our hospital, we have experienced a case of parathyroid adenoma who had taken successful kidney transplantation. The patient was 62 year old man who had a long duration of hemodialysis for 10 years. His hypercalcemic findings were managed medically for 1 year. As the patient's hypercalcemic symptom aggrevated, he was admitted and parathyroid adenoma was diagnosed by a CT scan and parathyroid scan. After excsion of the parathyroid adenoma, his general condition and kidney function improved. In our conclusion, there may be a debate for the timing of subtotal parathyroidectomy in the patient with tertiary hyperparathyroidism after kidney transplantation. But when the patient shows a hypercalcemic profile, the parathyroid scan, CT scan, Neck Ultrasonography must be considered to detect single parathyroid adenoma which is so simple to remove surgically.
Absorption ; Calcitriol ; Calcium ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary ; Hyperplasia ; Hypocalcemia ; Intestines ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Parathyroid Neoplasms* ; Parathyroidectomy ; Renal Dialysis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Hand

No abstract available.

The purpose of this study was to develop a dental communication course in dental hygiene schools that included theory, practice, and skill for effective dental communication. Thirty-six senior dental hygiene students in a dental hygiene school took a dental communication course and responded to a questionnaire. The instrument used in the study was a modified form of Kim's communication skill self-assessment sheet. The self-assessment questionnaire about communication competencies was administered before and after the class, and the difference between scores at each time point was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Among seven elements of dental communication competencies, the competency of “information gathering” was significantly improved (p=0.008). Students' scores on perception of the importance (p=0.019) and necessity (0.016) of a communication course significantly increased after the course. Competencies in communication are essential requirement for dental hygienists. This study showed the possibility of communication skill training. An objective evaluation tool regarding students' communication competencies should be developed. Further studies with larger samples size are needed to develop a standardized comprehensive communication course in dental hygiene schools.
Curriculum ; Dental Hygienists ; Health Communication ; Health Education ; Humans ; Learning* ; Oral Hygiene* ; Self-Assessment

Methotrexate (MTX) has been widely used in the treatment of psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. But prolonged use of MTX can induce hepatic fibrosis and even cirrhosis. To date, in Korea, there have been very few reports on hepatotoxicity due to MTX, and no report on biopsy-proven chronic active hapatitis. We report one patient who developed chronic acitve hepatitis while taking long-term daily dose of MTX(10mg per day) for psoriasis for a prolonged period.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Fibrosis ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Korea ; Methotrexate* ; Psoriasis*

In the last years, according to the increasing incidence of measles and other viral diseases, it have been needed to study on not only the fundamental epidemiological characteristics of mumps and measles but also judgement on the effectiveness of vaccine that meet our domestic situation. The author carried out questionnaire to obtain epidemiological characteristics and vaccine efficacy of mumps on epidemics of mumps in one primary school in Hwasung-kun, Kyonggi Do from Feb. to July, 1994. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Total students was 556, but 446(78.4%) responded to the questionnaire. Among that 446,130(29. 1%) have suffered from mumps. From 9 to 10 year old students had the high attack rates, especially 10 year olds has the highest(39. 7%). 2. From Feb. 2, 1994, first case was on, to July 6, 1994, the epidemic was continues, and attack rate was higest in May(50. 5%). 3. Among the 130 mumps patients, 5 have suffered from complication(3.8%) : encephalitis 3(2 in male, 1 in female). 4. Vaccination rate was 91%, and as ages were lowered, the rates were higher. 5. Attack rate was higher in group who had time interval after vaccination less than 5 years than total attack rate, and was higher in group who had been vaccined after 5 year old. 6. Attack rate in vaccinated group was 27.3%. 7. Vaccine efficacies, be judged by three methods of analysis according to case definition and vaccination status, were 37.4 39. 2%. 8. Factors that have significantly affected the mumps epidemic were vaccination status and vaccination age.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Measles ; Mumps* ; Vaccination ; Virus Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Epidurally administered clonidine produces analgesia by an alpha 2-adrenergic mechanism and may provide postoperative analgesia without nausea, pruritus and respiratory depression associated with opioid administration. Many studies have shown the beneficial effects of epidural clonidine in postoperative pain management. Pre-administered epidural analgesic agent before the skin incision may prevent the nociceptive input. We provided the pre-emptive analgesia and compared the postoperative analgesic effects of epidural clonidine when used as the sole analgesic agent with epidural fentanyl and epidural bupivacaine. METHODS: Thirty-nine gynecologic patients, ASA physical status 1, 2, undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, were studied. They were not taking any premedications. Before anesthesia, an epidural catheter was inserted at the L2~3 interspace. Patients were divided into 3 groups randomly. Group 1 received 0.125% bupivacaine 20 ml through the epidural catheter, group 2 received 100 microgram fentanyl in normal saline 20 ml, and group 3 received 150 microgram clonidine in normal saline 20 ml. During the operation, we recorded the vital signs and side effects. Just before suturing peritoneum, we injected the corresponding drugs on individual groups through the epidural catheter. In the recovery room, the postoperative analgesia was assessed by VAS (visual analogue scale). Vital signs, sedation score and side effects were also checked. RESULTS: VAS and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower in group 3 than group 1 or group 2 at the recovery room. The diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and sedation score were not significantly different between three groups at the recovery room. Also the vital signs during the operation were notsignificantly different between three groups. The incidence of hypotension was 3 out of 13 in group 3 and 1 out of 13 in group 1. CONCLUSION: Epidural bolus clonidine 150 microgram produces more profound and longer postoperative analgesic effects than fentanyl 100 microgram or 0.125% bupivacaine at the lower abdominal surgery. But hypotension may occur more frequently. So, if we select the patient cautiously, epidural clonidine is a good alternative analgesic agent for the postoperative analgesia.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Blood Pressure ; Bupivacaine ; Catheters ; Clonidine* ; Fentanyl ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Peritoneum ; Premedication ; Pruritus ; Recovery Room ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Skin ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND: Although the pro-convulsant or anticonvulsant properties of propofol remain a matter of controversy, it is evident that propofol can produce involuntary movement. Such movement is a relatively common side effect, especially in children, and may be dose-related or injection rate-related. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of injection rate upon involuntary movement during propofol induction in children. METHODS: Children (age 3-14 yr) undergoing elective Eye and ENT surgery were randomly allocated to one of 4 groups based on the propofol injection rate (A, manual/15 s; B, 360 ml/hr; C, 200 ml/hr, D, 100 ml/hr) using a manual injection method and syringe pumps. No premedication was used. The induction dosage of propofol was 3 mg/kg in all groups. Fentanyl 1mcg/kg and 1% lidocaine 1-2ml were given I.V. before propofol. Involuntary movement was graded 0-2 on severity. The infused dose of propofol at movement was measured. Movement due to pain or mask fitting was not regarded as an involuntary movement. All results were analyzed using the Chi-Square Test and ANOVA. RESULTS: 595 children were studied. Age, gender, and weight were similar in the 4 groups. Involuntary movements were apparent in 179 (30.1%) of the 595 subjects. Movements were significantly less in group A (12.4%) and B (16.4%) compared to group C (46.6%) and D (45.3%). The grades of movement were not different among the 4 groups. The durations of movement in group A and B were significantly short compared to group C and D. The infused dose of propofol (mg/kg) at movement was higher in group C (2.65+/-0.62) than in A (1.99+/-0.62) and B (2.43+/-0.78). There were no significant hemodynamic and SPO2 changes during and after the propofol injection. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that slow injection may increase the incidence of involuntary movement during propofol induction in children. Since the bolus injection rates are usually slow in most syringe pumps, manual injection for 10 15 s may be a better choice for smoother induction, as it requires fewer interventions to prevent venous catheter displacement in children.
Catheters ; Child* ; Dyskinesias* ; Fentanyl ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Masks ; Premedication ; Propofol* ; Syringes