A parasitological study was performed with 452 malaria patients evacuated from South Vietnam by examinations of their peripheral blood. Results were as follows: The peripheral blood examinations revealed that 52.0% of the examined have parasitemia, of which 95.3% was P. falciparum, one case of P. vivax and the other 10 patients were mixed infected. Neither P. malaria nor P. ovale were found. A total of 1,500 thick and thin blood films was prepared and 707 slides of them (47.1%) showed positive. In P. falciparum, ring forms were found most frequently and the next was gametocytes. Eighty slides (50%) showed mixed together with both ring form and gametocytes. All of the erythrocytic stages were seen in three slides of P. vivax. Weekly periodical examinations showed 233.8 parasite density every 1,000 W.B.C count in average, while occasional at fever attacks 531.7.Size of gametocytes in P. falciparum was 9.31(+/-0.89) by 2.16(+/-0.53) in macrogametocyte and 6.61(+/-0.82) by 2.51(+/-0.35) in microgametocyte. Their sex ratio was 100 : 92. Repeated blood examinations showed increased detection rates. The positive rate of parasitemia was 52.0% in single examination, increasing in succession with repetitions.
parasitology-protozoology-malaria ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Plasmodium vivax ; Plasmodium ovale ; Plasmodium malariae ; ring form gametocyte ; epidemiologyk Vietnam ; parasitemia

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Lens culinaris agglutinin-A reactive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP L3) has been reported to be highly specific for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of AFP-L3 for the diagnosis of HCC in the patients either with chronic liver disease or with HCC in complete remission who showed significant increment of serum AFP level and no mass lesion in the liver on ultrasonography. METHODS: A total numer of 34 patients (24 with chronic liver disease, 10 with HCC in complete remission) were enrolled, who showed significant increment of serum AFP level and no mass lesion in the liver on ultrasonography. Serum AFP L3 levels were analysed by AFP differentiation kit L. Abdominal spiral CT or ultrasonogram was performed at 1-3 month intervals and all of the patients were followed up for more than 6 months. RESULTS: Among 24 patients with chronic liver disease, two were positive (higher than 15%) for AFP L3; however, HCC was not detected in these patients, while HCCs were detected in two of 22 patients negative for AFP L3 during followe-up. Eight of the 10 patients with HCC in complete remission were positive for AFP L3; recurrent HCCs were detected in 7 of those 8 patients as well as in the rest 2 patients negative for AFP L3 during follow-up. The overall sensitivity and specificity of AFP L3 measurement for the detection of HCC within 6 months of follow-up were 63.6% and 87.0%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive value for HCC in patients with chronic liver disease were O% and 90.9% and for recurrent HCC in HCC patients in remission were 87.5% and ON, respectively. CONCLUSION: The measurement of AFP L3 is suggested to be useful for the diagnostic strategy in patients either with chronic liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma in complete remission, who showed progressive increment of serum AFP level and no mass lesion in liver on ultrasonogram.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lens Plant* ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver* ; Recurrence ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Imrnortalized human fetal liver cell lines established by transfecting simian virus 40 T gene wae found to lose differentiated liver cell functions in successive long-term culture. Butyrate, known as a differentiation-promoting agent for a variety of cancer cell lines, is produced in the colon by bacterial flora and selectively transported into the liver though the portal blood flow. Therefe, butyrate might play a role in the maintenance of differentiation in hepatocytes in vivo. In thepresent study, the effects of butyrate on cell growth and differentiation in human fetal liver cell lines was investigated. METHODS: Human fetal liver cell lines imrnortalized by SV 40 T antigen were treated with sodium butyrate (1mM), and cell growth rate after butyrate treatment were nmsured by the number of viable cells, determined by trypan blue dye exclusice method. The effects of sodium butyrate on the hepatocyte-specific differentiatian were assessed by albumin and alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA expression, analyzed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and were also by the increment of albumin secretion into culture media, determined by a competitive inhibition ELISA. RESULTS: Treatment with sodium butyrate resulted in a cessation of cellular proliferation and alterations in cellular morphology (increased cell size and polygonal change in shape). The level of albumin mRNA after sodium butyrate treatment was elevated by about two times as compared to that of control. In contrast, AFP mRNA expression were dennstrated neither before nor after sodium butyrate treatment. The average amount of albumin released in the medium was less than 6pghnl/10'cells/2days in the absence of sodium butyrate, and increased to 17 p g/ml/10'cells/2days at day 2, 21ugfml 10'cells/2days at day 4 in the presence of sodium butyrate, and these levels thereafter were over 10 times higher than that in the absence of sodium butyrate until day 10. CONCLUSION: These mults indicate that treatment of immcetalized fetal liver cell lines with butyrate leads to inhibition of cellular proliferation and promotion of adult hepatocyte-specific differentiation.
Adult ; Antigens, Viral, Tumor ; Butyrates ; Butyric Acid* ; Cell Line* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Size ; Colon ; Culture Media ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatocytes ; Humans* ; Liver* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Simian virus 40 ; Sodium* ; Trypan Blue

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Combined esophageal variceal ligation and sclerotherapy has been hypothesized to be more effective for the control of bleeding esophageal varices than ligation alone. The present study was to compare the combined therapy with ligation alone in terms of variceal eradication, rebleeding, complication and survival rates in patients with bleeding esophageal varices. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with bleeding esophageal varices were randomly assigned to receive ligation alone in 20 patients or the combined therapy in 18 patients. The clinical and endoscopic characteristics of patients in the ligation group were similar to those of patients in the combination group. In the combination group, 1-3 mL of ethanolamine was injected proximal to each ligated site. Treatments were repeated every 2- to 3-month until varices were eradicated. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the ligation and combination groups in variceal eradication rates (70% vs. 72%), numbers of endoscopic sessions required to achieve eradication (3.5+/-0.33 vs. 3.3+/-0.31), rebleeding rates (30% vs. 28%) or 2-yr cumulative survival rates (95% vs. 75%). There were significantly more complications in the combination group (25% vs. 89%, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Ligation alone is recommended rather than the combined ligation and sclerotherapy because of its lower complication rates.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Ethanolamine ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Sclerotherapy* ; Survival Rate ; Varicose Veins

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Combined esophageal variceal ligation and sclerotherapy has been hypothesized to be more effective for the control of bleeding esophageal varices than ligation alone. The present study was to compare the combined therapy with ligation alone in terms of variceal eradication, rebleeding, complication and survival rates in patients with bleeding esophageal varices. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with bleeding esophageal varices were randomly assigned to receive ligation alone in 20 patients or the combined therapy in 18 patients. The clinical and endoscopic characteristics of patients in the ligation group were similar to those of patients in the combination group. In the combination group, 1-3 mL of ethanolamine was injected proximal to each ligated site. Treatments were repeated every 2- to 3-month until varices were eradicated. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the ligation and combination groups in variceal eradication rates (70% vs. 72%), numbers of endoscopic sessions required to achieve eradication (3.5+/-0.33 vs. 3.3+/-0.31), rebleeding rates (30% vs. 28%) or 2-yr cumulative survival rates (95% vs. 75%). There were significantly more complications in the combination group (25% vs. 89%, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Ligation alone is recommended rather than the combined ligation and sclerotherapy because of its lower complication rates.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Ethanolamine ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Sclerotherapy* ; Survival Rate ; Varicose Veins

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to estimate the economical impacts of surgical site infection (SSI) after general surgeries. METHODS: A prospective study was performed with the surgeries from September to December, 2002 and the SSI cases were collected based on the definitions of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, The length of stay (LOS) and the hospital charge for the SSI group were compared with the non-SSI (NSSI) group by a matched cohort study for age, sex, operation procedure, and NNIS risk groups. RESULTS: There were 1,007 cases of surgeries and the 52 cases of SSI and the 26 cases have been matched. The LOS of the SSI group was 5.2 days longer than that of the NSSI group (P<0.05) which was significant, The injection and dressing meal, and total hospital charge were \157,562, \72,251, and \2,153,964 more in SSI group than those of NSSI group (P<0,05) for post-operation stay. The charge of medication and room in SSI group were \558,146 and \723,114 more than those of the NSSI group, but there were no significant difference. CONCLUSION: The SSI could increase the LOS and the hospital charge; therefore, this economic loss had an impact on the hospitals as well as the patients. To estimate the economic impacts of SSI precisely, however, further studies are needed to analyze and control other factors for the cost such as a type of surgery. In addition, the scope and setting of cost analysis should be expanded into the aspects of an individual, the hospital, and society.
Bandages ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Cohort Studies ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Hospital Charges ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Meals ; Prospective Studies

Viral load testing of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an essential tool for initiating and monitoring the antiretroviral therapy for HIV patients. To this end, several methods including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), branched DNA (bDNA), nucleic acid sequence based amplification assay (NASBA) and internally controlled virion PCR (ICV PCR) have become available. Of these methods, the standard reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay has been widely used in Korea. However, no comparison study has been performed among the various detection methods currently used in Korean patients. We evaluated the correlation and agreement between the PCR and the branched DNA (bDNA) assay for measurement of HIV RNA in Korean patients. Eighty randomly selected samples from HIV-1-seropositive patients visiting Yonsei Medical Center Severance Hospital were studied. We found that these assays show good agreement, have a reliable correlation (r = 0.92, mean difference in log10 copies/ mL +/- 2 standard deviation = 0.098 +/- 0.805) and produce values whose relationship is given by the following equation: log10v3 bDNA = -0.3405 + 1.0601 x log10RT-PCR. Thus, we conclude that these two methods may allow direct comparison of the results obtained from different assay systems.
Comparative Study ; DNA/chemistry* ; DNA/analysis* ; Genetic Techniques/standards* ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Human ; Korea ; RNA, Viral/blood* ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards*

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benig nepithelial tumor of the liver. The etiology of FNH is unknown, but recent evidence suggests that FNH may represent a localized, hyperplastic response to a pre-existing vascular malformat ion. There is a high probability of as sociat edlesions , most commonly hepatic hemangiomas, meningioma, as trocytoma, and arterial dysplasia in various organs . In the present report we describe a FNH with aberrant lymphatics in a 24-year-old woman. In operation field, lymphatics were located on the site of falciform ligament. Histologically, aberrant lymphatics were composed of well vas cularized complex lymphatic channels and the mass were typical FNH. In this case, the role of aberrant lymphatics in the development of FNH was unclear . But as the FNH frequently as sociated with ot her anomalies , we think the aberrant lymphatic as such anomaly that have not been reported.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Female ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Liver ; Meningioma ; Young Adult