Favus is a chronic dermatophyte infection of the scalp presented by thick yellow crusts within the hair follicles which leads to scarring alopecia. Favus is associated with poor hygiene and malnutrition so that it is seen almost exclusively in Africa, the Middle East and parts of South America with abruptly decreased incidence nowadays. The last report referring favus was published in 1996 in Korea, which might have historical significance. Herein, we report favus diagnosed in siblings in 1979.
Africa ; Alopecia ; Arthrodermataceae ; Cicatrix ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Incidence ; Korea ; Malnutrition ; Middle East ; Scalp ; Siblings* ; South America ; Tinea Favosa*

Objective To prepare a glycerol reference material.Methods The material was prepared and characterized according to the primary standard substance technological specification(JJG 1006- 1994).Glycerol was dissolved in water containing 0.5% sodium azide and dispersed to glass ampules.The homogeneity and stability of this material were tested with an HPLC method.Glycerol concentration was determined by a titration method as specified in the Pharmacopoeia of China.Results The three time measuring result of glycerol reference material was 1.297 5?0.014 3,1.302 0?0.008 9,1.313 7? 0.007 8,respectively.Statistical analysis showed that this material was homogeneous (F=1.462,P=0.166) .It was stable for at least 4 years at 4℃.The assigned reference value was 0.103 6 g/g and the expanded uncertainty was 0.000 4 g/g.Conclusions This material meet the technical requirements of national primary standard reference material.It is approved as the Certified Reference Material (GBW 09149) by General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection,Quarantine of the People's Republic of China in May,2006.

Objective To sum up the therapeutic results of 125 cases of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF),and ex- plore the optimal time and risk factors of opration,as well as perioperative management.Methods One hundred and thirth-one consecutive cases of TOF underwent corrective surgery.There were simple stenosis of infundibular portion in right ventricular outflow tract in 37 cases,stenosis of infundibulum and pulmonary valve in 14 cases,main pul- monary trunk and left/right pulmonary arteries stenosis in 74 cases,and pulmonary atresia in 5 cases.Autologousper- icardial conduit,or with waived were used for right ventricular outflow tract and right ventriculo-pulmonary artery connection.Other anomalies were corrected.Results The surgicalmortality was 4.0 %.The cause of death were se- rious low cardiac output syndrome(3 patients),respiratory function failure(1 patient),pericadial infection(1 pa- tient).Conclusion It is necessary to profonn corrective opration on younger TOF patients.Effetive prophylaxis and control of low cardiac output syndrome and pulmonary complication is a useful strategy.

Purpose: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a promising neuroprotective drug. We investigated whether EPO has beneficial effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 56 infants with HIE born at or after 35 weeks of gestation who were admitted to Inha University Hospital between 2012 and 2021. Patients were divided into two groups based on EPO use and compared. In the EPO group, patients were administered 1,000 U/kg of EPO on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7, starting within 24 hours after birth. The primary outcome was death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at the age of 12 months. Results: EPO was administered to 38 infants, and 18 did not receive EPO. Only 37.5% of patients with HIE (21/56) and 60% of patients with moderate-to-severe HIE (21/35) received therapeutic hypothermia. Among all patients with HIE, death or NDI (21.1 % vs. 50.0%; odds ratio [OR], 0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01 to 0.78; P=0.029) and brain injury on imaging (42.1% vs. 83.3%; OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.92; P=0.040) were significantly lower in the EPO group than in the control group. Among patients with moderate-to-severe HIE, brain injury on imaging (54.2% vs. 90.9%; OR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.700; P=0.027) was significantly lower in the EPO group than in the control group. Conclusion EPO administration significantly reduced mortality and NDI in infants with HIE. EPO can be considered an adjunctive therapeutic agent for neonatal HIE.

ERCP was performed in 34 cases of obstructive janndice at Busan National University Hospital between June 1981 and October 1982, and those findings were compared with the final surgical operative diagnoses. The results were as follows: 1) The ratio of male to female was about l. 6: 1 and most of them were in the 5th decade to 7th decade, 2) Upper abdominal pain and tenderness were the cardinal symptom and sign, 3) Successful ERCP was obtained in 32 cases among the total of 34 cases(94.1%)Selective success rates by indications were 77.8%(21/27) in suspected biliary lesions and 85.7%(6/7) in suspected panceatic lesions. 4) ERCP diagnoses were biliary stone(11 cases), eholangiocarcinoma(6 cases), pancreatic head ca. (4 cases), Ampulla of Vater ca. (2 cases), normal cholangiogram(2 cases), and normal parcreatogram(2 cases). 5) Eighteen cases out of 24 surgical operative cases were diagnosed by ERCP alone, The diagnostic rates of ERCP by surgical operation in obstructive jaundce was 75%. Complications of ERCP were not clinically significant. It suggests that ERCP is a very useful diagnostic method in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.
Abdominal Pain ; Ampulla of Vater ; Busan ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive* ; Male

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting through descending thoracic aorta in elderly patients with coronary heast disease and to decrease the post-operative complication.Methods Thirteen elderly patients underwent coronary bypass surgery with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB).Age range from 70 to 82 years with a mean of(72.1?6.0)years.Patients suffered from multi vessel disease.Many minimally invasive techniques of“Y”blood vessel graft anastomosis,anastomosis of blood vessel graft to descending aorta,minimally invasive direct,thoracoscope assist were used.Results All patients were survived.The mean duration of intubation was (6.9?0.9) hours.The average ICU stay was (2.5?0.5)days.No patients received blood transfusion.During the short-term follow-up(3 to 14 months) patients had no complaint of angina,Conclusions The technique of“Y”blood vessel graft anastomosis,descending aorta blood vessel graft,minimally invasive direct and thoracoscope assist in combination with coronary artery bypass grafting is a safe and cost-effective new procedure for elderly patients with multi-coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND: Superficial fungal infections, including dermatophyte infection and cutaneous candidiasis, are common and affect more than 25% of the population worldwide. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the recent clinical and mycological characteristics of dermatophytosis and cutaneous candidiasis in southeastern Korea. METHODS: Of 20,413 patients with dermatophyte infection, cutaneous candidiasis, or suspected fungal infection, 8,106 who were culture positive for infection were retrospectively evaluated using their medical records. RESULTS: The annual incidence rate of fungal infection tended to be constant. Such infections were more common in men than in women. Fungal infections most commonly occurred in patients in their 50s and in August. The most common clinical type of superficial fungal infections was tinea pedis. The most common causative fungus of superficial fungal infections was Trichophyton rubrum. CONCLUSION This study provides useful information on the clinical and mycological characteristics of fungal infections in southeastern Korea in recent years.

BACKGROUND: Continuous arterial blood pressure monitoring is a highly effective method in an operation and the intensive care unit. However, the accuracy of the monitoring system could be influenced by the radius and longitude of the catheter. This study was executed to examine the effects of the radius and longitude of a catheter. METHODS: Forty-two pediatric patients scheduled to undergo open heart surgery were selected. After induction of anesthesia, the radial artery pressure was measured by a 22-gauge (1 inch) catheter and the femoral artery pressure was measured by a 20-gauge (1.16 inch) catheter, 22-gauge catheter and 20-gauge (12 cm) catheter in succession. Influences of the radius and longitude were analysed respectively. All values are expressed as mean +/- SD and analysed using the paired t-test; P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The systolic pressure of the 20-gauge (1.16 inch) catheter was higher than that of the 22- gauge (1 inch) catheter. The systolic pressure of the 20-gauge (1.16 inch) catheter was higher than that of the 20-gauge (12 cm) catheter. Mean and diastolic pressures were low in the 20-gauge (1.16 inch) catheter, compared with the 20-gauge (12 cm) catheter. CONCLUSIONS: Shorter and/or larger radius catheters could increase the pulse pressure in pediatric patients.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure* ; Blood Pressure ; Catheters* ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Radial Artery ; Radius* ; Thoracic Surgery

BACKGROUND: Trichophyton (T.) tonsurans infection has been increasing gradually in non-athletes, i.e. general population as well as athletes since it was first reported that athletes had been infected in Korea in 1995, whereas it is a common dermatophyte species in the United States and Europe. OBJECTIVE: We performed retrospective study to observe tinea infections caused by T. tonsurans. METHOD: The clinical and epidermiological study was made with 105 patients of T. tonsurans infection among out-patients in our skin clinic from March, 1995 to December, 2003. RESULT: In 105 cases of T. tonsurans infection 73 ones were athletes such as wrestlers and judo players, and 32 ones were non-athletes. The infected skin lesions of 114 cases showed mild to moderate inflammation, whereas 7 ones showed moderate to severe inflammation. The results of KOH wet mount were positive in 92 cases (87.6%). In fungal culture with Potato dextrose agar-corn meal-tween 80, the mahogany variety (53.3%) was more than the sulfreum one (22.8%), which was less significant because the percentage of unclassified cases (23.8%) influenced on variety distribution considerably (p> 0.05, chi-test). Microscopic findings of cultured fungus showed hyphae with match-box type microconidia. Preferred anatomical sites were scalp (35.2%), face (32.4%), upper extremities (16.2%), and neck (14.3%). The rate of sex was 89 cases in male and 16 ones in female. The mean age was 16.1+/-4.6, ranged from 3 to 44 years. There is no difference between athletes and non-athletes. Preferred seasons were winter (44.8%) and spring (33.3%). The occurrence of the cases in athletes, which reached the peak in 1997, has been maintained since 1995, while the number of the cases in non-athletes has minimally increased until 2003. Throughout this study it proves that the occurrence of the infection has been disseminating with athletes of a hand-to-hand fight through a lot of physical contact in the center because of frequent athletic meetings since T. tonsurans was introduced in Korea in 1995. Moreover, there is a increasing tendency toward T. tonsurans infection in non-athletes. Therefore, athletic and medical associations should make continual observations of T. tonsurans infection and take close consideration into systematic management and strategy against the infection in order to suppress probable prevalence of the contagion in our society.
Arthrodermataceae ; Athletes ; Europe ; Female ; Fungi ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Inflammation ; Korea ; Male ; Martial Arts ; Neck ; Outpatients ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Scalp ; Seasons ; Skin ; Solanum tuberosum ; Sports ; Tinea ; Trichophyton* ; United States ; Upper Extremity

BACKGROUND: Some species of soil keratinophilic fungi (KPF) are known to be pathogens that may lead to cutaneous infection. People exposed to these species through direct contact with soil on beaches can contract KPF infection. However, there is little literature regarding pathogenic KPF isolated from beaches during summer time. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the distribution of soil KPF isolated from beaches in Korea during summer. METHODS: One hundred eighty soil samples from six beaches in the southern coastline of Korea under three different climatic conditions were collected. The KPF species were isolated using the hair-baiting technique. Then, molecular identification was performed by sequencing the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to investigate the exact species of the isolated fungi. RESULTS: Among the one hundred eighty soil samples, twenty-nine strains (16.1%) of KPF were recovered. The isolation rate of KPF among the beaches varied from 0 to 34.5%. KPF was most frequently isolated in shaded dry areas (30%), followed by sunny dry areas (18.3%), and sunny wet areas (0%). Molecular identification of the fungi using rRNA ITS analysis helped in their classification. Microsporum gypseum/Arthroderma incurvatum (69.0%), Microsporum gypseum/Arthroderma gypseum (3.4%), Trichophyton ajelloi/Arthroderma uncinatum (13.8%), Microsporum cookei/Arthroderma cajetani (10.3%), and Chrysosporium indicum/Aphanoascus terreus (3.4%) were identified. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was observed at position 180 of the rRNA ITS2 in the 20 strains of Microsporum gypseum/Arthroderma incurvatum, and the species was divided into Types 1 (14 strains) and 2 (6 strains) depending on the base present at the SNP position. The geographic distribution of these two types differed. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the beach is a possible source of keratinophilic fungal infection in humans. People should be aware of pathogenic fungi on the soil of beaches during summer and take measures to prevent possible superficial fungal infections.
Chrysosporium ; Classification ; Fungi* ; Humans ; Korea ; Microsporum ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA, Ribosomal ; Soil* ; Trichophyton