BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography of the temporal bone can provide otologists precise informations regarding the middle ear diseases. In this study, we aimed to measure the distance of mastoid antrum using the temporal bone CT for predicting the distance of mastoid depth during the mastoid surgery. MAERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed normal ears of 88 patients who visited the Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam University Hospital during the period between Aug. 1996 and Aug. 1997. These patients demonstrated unilateral chronic otitis media, temporal bone fracture, and traumatic facial nerve palsy. RESULTS: The mean distance of mastoid antrum was 11.45mm. The distance of mastoid antrum according to age distribution showed 7.75 mm in 0-4 year old group, 10.35 mm in 5-9 year old group, 10.71 mm in 10-14 year old group, 11.50 mm in 15-19 year old group, and 11.93 mm in over 20 year old group. The distance also differed between males and females, with 2.84 mm for male and 11.24 mm for female. CONCLUSION: For the group under 20 years old, the distance of mastoid antrum increased as the patient's age became older. Especially, the group who were between 5 to 9 years old showed marked increase in the distance, and the distance did not differ between male and female. The distance of the mastoid antrum of the Korean adults was 10.1-13.7 mm and it represents some difference when compared with that of Westerners.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Ear ; Ear, Middle ; Facial Nerve ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Mastoid* ; Otitis Media ; Otolaryngology ; Paralysis ; Temporal Bone* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Fingers*

PURPOSE: The superiority of breast-feeding to artificial feeding of infants aged 6 months or less has been well established. Due to the low rate of breast-feeding in our 1994 hospital survey we recommended and educated about breast-feeding to mothers who delivered in our hospital since January 1995. The purpose of this survey is to assess if the rate of breast-feeding increased in our hospital thereafter. METHODS: One hundred twenty-five infant born at National Medical Center (NMC) after January 1. 1995 were surveyed through questionnaire about breast feeding at the well-baby clinic of pediatric department of NMC from May, 1996 to September, 1996. RESULTS: The rate of breast-feeding was 26.4% in the nursery after birth, 40.8% at 1 month of age. Breast-feeding at 1 month of age was more common among children fed breast milk in the nursery after birth (P<0.05), who initiated breast-feeding within 3 days of age (P<0.05), born by vaginal delivery (P<0.05) and positive maternal response to the guideline of breast-feeding (P<0.05). The decision of breast-feeding was made mainly by the mother and 12.0% were by doctor or nurse's suggestion. The main reason for giving up or failure of breast-feeding was "insufficient breast milk". CONCLUSION: Compared with baseline data surveyed in our hospital in 1994, breast-feeding at the nursery increased from 1.3% to 26.4% and at 1 month of age, increased from 35.1% to 40.8%. So recommendation for breast-feeding at hospitals is very important and may play a role to increase the rate of breast-feeding.
Breast ; Breast Feeding ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Milk, Human ; Mothers ; Nurseries ; Nutritional Support ; Parturition ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori in 1983 by Warren and Marshall, it has been recognized as one of the most significant risk factors for gastric cancer and has been associated with various gastrointestinal disorders such as peptic ulcer disease. In Korea, the triple therapy of proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin has been recommended as a primary regimen since 1998. However, the eradication rate of conventional first line therapy of H. pylori infection has been decreasing progressively, primarily due to increased resistance to antibiotics. A recent meta-analysis showed that the overall eradication rates were 74.6% by intention-to-treat analysis and 82.0% by per-protocol analysis. Therefore, the need for alternative first line eradication regimens has been rising. Sequential therapy, concomitant therapy, and various combinations of new antibiotics such as quinolone and rifabutin have been introduced as new options, but they have yet to be proven as standard first line therapy. Further nation-wide surveillance regarding the antibiotic resistance rates and well-designed prospective randomized controlled multicenter trials on the empirical first line therapy are necessary to establish the appropriate treatment for H. pylori in Korea.
Amoxicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Clarithromycin ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Korea* ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Peptic Ulcer ; Prospective Studies ; Proton Pumps ; Rifabutin ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms

The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructionuction using 2 additional fixation technique on tibial side. Between October 2008 and February 2012, sixty consecutive patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with allograft for ACL injuries were retrospectively enrolled. All patients were reconstructed with fresh frozen achilles tendon or posterior tibialis tendon allograft. Fixation on tibial side with bioabsorbable suture anchor (BSA) was in 30 patients (group A) and metal screw fixation was in 30 patients (group B). The data was collected at preoperatively and at least 1 years postoperatively, which included KT-2000 arthrometer objectively, and Tegner score, Lysholm score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores subjectively. At the final follow up, the KT-2000 arthrometer improved significantly with an average of 3.28 mm anterior translation in the group A, 3.56 mm in group B. The preoperative mean Lysholm, Tegner and IKDC score was 46.14, 4.86, 63.17 in the group A, and 45.30, 4.40, 54.07 in the group B. The postoperative mean Lysholm, Tegner and IKDC score was 83.80, 8.14, 75.57 in the group A, and 88.75, 7.62, 65.10 in the group B. All functional outcomes were improved significantly (p=0.004) in both groups, but no differences were noted between the 2 groups (p>0.05). Both additional fixation techniques using BSA or metal screw fixation on tibial side in ACL reconstruction improved functional outcomes significantly. BSA technique seems to provide adequate strength suitable for early rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction.
Achilles Tendon ; Allografts ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Suture Anchors* ; Tendons

Angiomyolipomas (AML) are generally known as benign tumors. The kidney is the most common location of this tumor, and the liver is reported as the second most common site. Occurrence in other tissues is extremely rare. For instance, some cases of AML originating from the nasal cavity have been previously reported. We describe an AML case arising from the nasal cavity of a 56-year-old man. The patient had been complaining of nasal obstruction and foreign body sensation in the nasopharynx and was initially treated with preoperative angio-embolization. AML was then totally removed by endoscopic surgery without complications. He has been asymptomatic and has had no evidence of recurrence for 2 months after surgery.
Angiomyolipoma ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasopharynx ; Recurrence

The purpose of this study is to assess the maternal iron status during pregnancy and to evaluate the relationships between the iron indices of maternal, umbilical cord serum, placenta and pregnancy outcomes. Venous bloods samples were drawn from 54 pregnant women just before delivery and cord bloods of their newborn babies were collected immediately after birth. And also, placental tissues were extracted. We investigated the difference of the iron status indices of maternal, umbilical cord serum and placental tissue between two gestational age group (PT group, NT group : preterm delivery and normal term delivery at 34.9wk and 39.0wk of mean gestational length, respectively) and also assessed correlations of iron status indices of maternal, umbilical cord serum and placenta tissue. And lastly, we related between birth weight and iron status indices of maternal, umbilical cord serum and placental tissue. The concentrations of maternal serum ferritin and of placental iron were significantly higher in PT group (32.1 +/- 21.1 ng/ml, 68.5 +/- 16.7microgram / g), than those of NT group (20.8 +/- 11.6 ng / ml, 53.2 +/- 17.4 microgram / g) respectively (p < 0.001). However the serum ferritin of umbilical cord were significantly higher in NT group (PT : 109.4 +/- 65.7 ng/ml, NT : 147.0 +/- 56.8 ng / ml) than those of PT group (p < 0.05). Our results showed that a negative association between birth weight (r=-0.361) and maternal serum ferritin and that a positive association between birth weight and umbilical cord serum ferritin (r=0.261). Despite not a significant difference, there was tendency that highest concentration of maternal serum ferritin was associated with the lowest birth weight. These findings indicate that birth weight of newborn is dependent of multiple factors such as maternal iron status during pre-pregnancy, body size, general nutritional status. Although for women who enter pregnancy with low iron stores, enough intakes of iron during pregnancy could produce undesirable pregnancy outcome. Therefore we suggest for successful pregnancy outcome and delivery differential iron supplementation program will be carried out individual pregnant women on the basis of pre-pregnancy nutritional status.
Birth Weight* ; Body Size ; Female ; Ferritins ; Fetal Blood ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Iron* ; Nutritional Status ; Parturition* ; Placenta* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnant Women ; Umbilical Cord*

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (T~EN) is a severe mucocutaneous disease characterized by epidermal necrosis possibly extended to the entire body surface and involving multiple internal organs. Digestive tract may be involved too, but there is few report about gastrointestinal lesion in patient with TEN. Recently we experienced a case of TEN with gastrointestinal bleeding in previously healthy 32-year-old woman. The condition developed three days after the initiation of treatment with NSAID and progressed caudally, involving 60 percent of the skin surfaces. During a period of admission gastrointestinal bleeding was noticed. The gastrofiberscopy showed diffuse superficial mucosal lesion with oozing from swollen friable and erythematous mucosa. The skin lesion was progressed inspite of withdrawal of causative agents. The patient was expired due to combined septic shock 10 days later. We report this case with gastrofiberscopic findings and a brief review of literature.
Adult ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Necrosis ; Shock, Septic ; Skin ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome*

In order to improve the success rate of implants, various implant designs have been developed. Although there have been enough efforts to handle the surface of the implant with careful choice of material and mechanics so that the bone and the implant can be tightly joined together, they have still failed to play the role of periodontal ligaments of the natural teeth in the past. The role of periodontal ligaments is very important since it can improve the initial stability of implant by absorbing the impacts. The purpose of this study is, thus, to test the possibility of alleviating the impact when the surface of the implant was coated with chitosan, a natural polymer, and making sure that the coated material stayed on. Then, the condition of newly developed bone formation and the degree of inflammation in response was closely observed in the surface level. In the main experiment, Chitosan coated implant (3.3 mm X 7mm) was implanted on both the right and the left side of rabbit's femur. The animals were each sacrificed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day. The process was observed under an light microscope after the Toluidin Blue staining. From the experiment, it was found that the chitosan was evenly distributed on the surface of the screws, and the implant was adjoined with adjacent bone. There was a sign of inflammation on the 3rd day, but on the 14th day, the formation of woven bone and newly formed bones were noticed. Also, chitosan filled the gap was formed between the implant and the newly formed bone. The implant, the chitosan and the newly formed bone were forming one unit as a result. Therefore, it was found that chitosan coated implant could absorbe the impact in the initial stage of implant.
Animals ; Chitosan* ; Dental Implants* ; Femur ; Inflammation ; Mechanics ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Ligament ; Polymers ; Tooth

As the result of the study concerning "bone inducibility of chitosan", 1. "BMP-2"was observed mainly through the test when the "osteoblast"is exposed to the "chitosan". The expression of BMP-2 was 542.63 times compared to control after 2 hours exposure and it was maintained 16.60 times till 24 hours. 2. The expression of BMP-4 was decreased compared to control during exposure. 3. The expression of BMP-7 revealed two peaks during exposure. 4. The expression of osteocalcin was increased in early phase, and then decreased. Although it is not clear whether the "chitosan"is clinically effective material as a "bone induction material", we could say that it has a function for bone induction. Further detailed study will be required.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 ; Chitosan* ; Humans* ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteocalcin