A total of 47 glial tumors of the brain was studied for the demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFA) in tumor cells. This study was primarily aimed to confirm the applicability in the differential diagnosis of various glial tumors occuring in central nervous system. Intracellular positivity was observed only in well differentiated and moderately differentiated astrocytoma cells. GFA was negative in primitive glioma and oligodendroglioma. In glioblastoma multiforme pleomorphic cells were positive for GFA while spindle cells were negative. Elongated ependymoma cells arranged particularly around blood vessels were moderately positive for GFA while most cuboidal cells and round cells were negative. GFA was most helpful for the diagnosis of mixed glioma, where a sharp distinction could be made among different cellular component based on GFA staining. In conclusion it was confirmed that GFA is very useful tool for the diagnosis of different glial tumors of central nervous system.
Astrocytoma ; Blood Vessels ; Brain* ; Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ependymoma ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein* ; Glioblastoma ; Glioma ; Oligodendroglioma

The present study was undertaken to observe the changes of hepatocyte and biliary epithelium in the liver of guinea pigs infected with C. sinensis. Ten guinea pigs infected with 500 metacercariae of C. sinensis each were reared for 11 weeks. After sacrifice, the liver tissues were processed both for conventional light microscopy and for electronmicroscopy. The following results were obtained by light and electronmicroscopic observation of these tissue preparations. The dilatation of bile ducts with chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis, and flattening of lining epithelium were observed by light microscopy. Bile duct showed a single low columnar or cuboidal epithelium and subepithelial small round cell infiltration. Papillary proliferation, adenomatous hyperplasia and increase of goblet cells in the subepithelial glands were also noted in some areas of bile ducts. Occasionally, small fibrous nodules in the portal tract replacing bile ducts, surrounded by a heavy infiltrate of small round cells and neutrophils were observed. On light microscopic examination, no cellular damages were seen in the liver cells except mild fatty degeneration. Electronmicroscopic examination of the biliary epithelium revealed increased mucin granules, cytoplasmic projection into lumen, decreased microvilli and obstruction of bile canaliculi. Indistinct and/or irregular appearances of intercellular lateral interdigitation were observed in most of biliary epithelium. On the electronmicrographs of hepatocytes, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum(ER) and destruction of cristae in some mitochondriae were prominent features. Disappearance of cytoplasmic organells and dilatation of bile canaliculi were also monitored. Endothelial cells in the sinusoids were remained intact.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; guinea pig ; pathology ; bile duct ; ultrastructure-electronmicroscopy ; fibrosis ; hyperplasia ; goblet cell

In order to understand the effect of prednisolone injection on the histopathological changes of the mouse liver and the chronological changes of the worm structure of Clonorchis sinensis, when this fluke was inoculated to the mouse intraperitoneally. The recovery rate, survival rate, location and size of the inoculated worms as well as the histopathological changes of the liver were investigated for the comparison among the groups of mice, which were classified by number of worms and the duration of observation period. The result obtained were summarized as follows: The recovery rate and survival rate of the worms decreased especially 28 days after the inoculation. Most of worms (45.5 percent) were collected from the peritoneal cavity, and some of worms were found tightly adherent to the capsules of the liver, spleen, intestine and diaphragm. The mean worm size after inoculation was constantly smaller than that before inoculation. Remarkable atrophy in the reproductive organs of the worm, such as spermatheca, testes, vitelline gland and ovary was frequently observed at the 10th day of inoculation. Histopathologically the liver failed to show any parasitic worm inside the intrahepatic biliary system. However, multiple well formed egg-containing granulomas were present along the liver capsule. These necrotic granulomas were occasionally found under the fibrotic liver capsule. Focal necrosis and focal phlebitis together with vascular dilatation were prominent features of the liver. The worms recovered in the capsule of the liver were degenerated and necrotized. Usually, there were remarkable capsulitis and granuloma formation around the eggs.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; histology ; pathology ; mouse-liver ; immunology ; immunesuppression ; necrosis ; phlebitis ; dilatation ; capsulitis ; granuloma

Liposuction is one of the most frequently performed cosmetic surgeries worldwide for reshaping the body contour. Although liposuction is minimally invasive and relatively safe, it is a surgical procedure, and it carries the risk of major and minor complications. These complications vary from postoperative nausea to life-threatening events. Common complications include infection, abdominal wall injury, bowel herniation, bleeding, haematoma, seroma, and lymphoedema. Life-threatening complications such as necrotizing fasciitis, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism have also been reported. In this paper, we provide a brief introduction to liposuction with the related anatomy and present computed tomography and ultrasonography findings of a wide spectrum of postoperative complications associated with liposuction.
Abdomen/ultrasonography ; Fasciitis, Necrotizing/etiology ; Hematoma/etiology ; Humans ; Lipectomy/*adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications/*etiology ; Pulmonary Embolism/etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Venous Thrombosis/etiology

Purpose: Acute nicotine poisoning by liquid nicotine in electronic cigarettes is becoming an increasing problem worldwide. The current systematic review aimed to determine the harm of acute nicotine poisoning by reviewing published case reports. Methods: An online literature search with PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed database was performed to identify relevant studies addressing acute nicotine poisoning with electronic cigarettes. Two investigators searched the case reports written in English or Korean. Results: Twenty-six cases were included in this study. The routes of intoxication included ingestion in 18 cases, intravenous injection in three cases, subcutaneous injection in two cases, and ocular exposure in two cases. Ten cases had a cardiac arrest, and seven of them died. Seven out of 12 cases with intentional poisoning had a cardiac arrest. Nine children under 18 years were reported, and three of them had a cardiac arrest. Sixteen cases without a cardiac arrest recovered well, except for one case with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusion The authors reviewed the risks of electronic cigarette liquid in terms of acute poisoning through a systematic review.The nicotine solution of an e-cigarette can be life-threatening in cases of acute poisoning. Therefore, active emergency treatment with early recognition is necessary. In addition, various management methods and regulations for preventing acute nicotine poisoning, such as restriction of distribution and nicotine concentration, should be considered.

Purpose: Acute nicotine poisoning by liquid nicotine in electronic cigarettes is becoming an increasing problem worldwide. The current systematic review aimed to determine the harm of acute nicotine poisoning by reviewing published case reports. Methods: An online literature search with PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed database was performed to identify relevant studies addressing acute nicotine poisoning with electronic cigarettes. Two investigators searched the case reports written in English or Korean. Results: Twenty-six cases were included in this study. The routes of intoxication included ingestion in 18 cases, intravenous injection in three cases, subcutaneous injection in two cases, and ocular exposure in two cases. Ten cases had a cardiac arrest, and seven of them died. Seven out of 12 cases with intentional poisoning had a cardiac arrest. Nine children under 18 years were reported, and three of them had a cardiac arrest. Sixteen cases without a cardiac arrest recovered well, except for one case with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusion The authors reviewed the risks of electronic cigarette liquid in terms of acute poisoning through a systematic review.The nicotine solution of an e-cigarette can be life-threatening in cases of acute poisoning. Therefore, active emergency treatment with early recognition is necessary. In addition, various management methods and regulations for preventing acute nicotine poisoning, such as restriction of distribution and nicotine concentration, should be considered.

BACKGROUND: The interest in robotic cardiac surgery has recently grown but there has not been much clinical research reported on this. The aim of this study is to examine our initial experience, since August 2007, with robotic cardiac surgery using the da Vince(TM) surgical system and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of it. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between August and December 2007, a total of 20 patients underwent robotic cardiac surgery using the da Vinci surgical system. For mitral valve repair (n=11), tricuspid valve repair (n=1), and ASD repair (n=1), cannulation, antegrade cardioplegia and transthoracic aortic cross-clamping were conducted for the right femoral vessels and the right internal jugular vein. For minimally invasive direct CABG (MIDCAB) (n=7), the internal thoracic artery (ITA) was harvested with the da Vinci surgical system. RESULT: The mean age of the patients was 50.1 (range: 26~78) years. Three concomitant Maze procedures and one tricuspid annuloplasty were combined with mitral valve repair. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 208.0+/-61.3 minutes and the aortic cross clamp time was 158.8+/-40.6 minutes. No patients showed more than mild mitral regurgitation after repair and the median hospital stay was 4 days. The robotic-harvested ITA was used for either left ITA (n=6) or bilateral ITA (n=1). The mean harvest time was 43.2+/-12.0 minutes. The harvested ITA showed good flow and it was anastomosed under direct vision after left anterolateral thoracotomy. The patency of all the grafts was 100% (18/18) in MIDCAB. CONCLUSION: Robotic cardiac surgery using the da Vinci surgical system was variously adapted to areas such as mitral and tricuspid valve repair, ASD repair and ITA harvest for MIDCAB. The early results of the robotic cardiac surgery showed its safety and feasibility. With this primary report, we anticipate that clinical applications and further studies on robotic cardiac surgery using the da Vinci surgical system will be actively conducted in Korea.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Catheterization ; Heart Arrest, Induced ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Mammary Arteries ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Research Report ; Robotics ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thoracotomy ; Transplants ; Tricuspid Valve ; Vision, Ocular

Actinomycoces is a gram positive, anaerobic, branching and non-acid fast bacterium which is a normal habitant of the skin, oral cavity, tonsil and gastrointestinal tract and its human infection is rare. Pelvic actinomycoses is frequently caused by Actinomycoces israel-ii. It is chronic, progressive, and more suppurative than granulomatous disease, and the symptoms are usually persistent and gradual, therefore the misdiagnosis and improper trea-tment are not uncommon. Actinomycoses is generally classified as cervicofacial, abdominal and thoracic type ac- cording to the site of the primary infection. Many actinomycotic pelvic infections in women used intrauterine device with long du- ration were reported, in contrast, others suggest that actinomycoces developed opportunistic infection irrespective of intrauterine device presence. We have experienced 4 cases of pelvic actinomycoses, one case with IUD(Lippes' loop) in a 47 year old woman, the other case with abdominal wall ctinomycoses in a 34 year old woman, the third case without IUD in a 41 year old woman, the fourth case with IUD(Cu-7) in a 37 year old woman and reported them with a review of literature.
Abdominal Wall ; Actinomycosis* ; Adult ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Opportunistic Infections ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pelvic Infection ; Skin

Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens is a spiral-shaped, gram-negative anaerobic bacterium. A. succiniciproducens is a rare cause of bacteremia in human, especially immunocompromised patients. This organism may be mistakenly identified when using an automated bacterial identification system, and may be mistaken for Campylobacter spp. when using Gram staining. We report a case of bacteremia caused by A. succiniciproducens, which was negative for catalase, oxidase, and urease and confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing (analysis revealed a 99% similarity), in a 69-year-old patient who was undergoing chemotherapy for treatment of a malignancy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bacteremia caused by A. succiniciproducens in Korea.
Aged ; Anaerobiospirillum ; Bacteremia ; Campylobacter ; Catalase ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Korea ; Oxidoreductases ; Urease

The development of immunosuppressant treatments has enabled remarkable progress in the tissue and organ transplantation field by helping to prevent acute graft rejection. However, complications related to transplantation, such as infection by bacteria and viruses, and the occurrence of cancers resulting from prolonged immune suppression are major obstacles to overcome. Therefore, transplantation immunology research efforts should focus on the induction of donor-specific immune tolerance which preserves patient immune competence which promotes infection and cancer surveillance. Additionally, lifelong administration of immunosuppressants should be forgone in preference to short term therapies. In the 1990s, Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi identified the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells which develop in the thymus, and demonstrated that these cells play crucial roles in the maintenance of immune self tolerance. Studies which followed proved that these regulatory T cells are important to the control of autoimmune disease and prevention of graft rejection. Regulatory T cells have also been found to induce immune tolerance in rodent models. In this review, we discuss several considerations for the use of regulatory T cell therapy in the clinical transplantation field.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Bacteria ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Mental Competency ; Organ Transplantation ; Rodentia ; Self Tolerance ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Thymus Gland ; Tissue Therapy ; Transplantation Immunology ; Transplants