No abstract available.
Bacteria, Anaerobic*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the bone mineral density(BMD) in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: We performed the retrospective study for 1,508 postmenopausal women who had menopause after 40 years of age and didn't take any hormonal agent before measuring bone mineral density. Spinal and femur neck BMD were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA, Lunar Co.). RESULTS: The mean age of the study subjects was 53.7+/-5.7 years and the average BMD of the lumbar spine(L2-L4; L24) and femur neck(FN) were 0.996+/-0.173 g/cm(2) and 0.821+/-0.133 g/cm(2), respectively. Of all subjects, 44.1%(665/1,508) had osteopenia and 14.7%(222/1,508) were already osteoporotic. The prevalence of osteoporosis increased with age; 5.2% in 41-50 years of age, 15.6% in fifties, 32.5% in sixties, and 45.5% in over 70 years of age. There was no significant difference in the age-adjusted BMD between naturally menopausal women(n=828) and surgically menopausal women(n=78). The mean age at menopause of surgically menopausal women was significantly younger than that of naturally menopausal women(47.6+/-3.6 vs 49.2+/-3.5). Duration of menopause, body weight, and height were revealed to be the significant risk factors for osteoporosis. The annual bone loss rates in lumbar spine and femur neck were 1.2% and 1.1% respectively in naturally menopausal women, and 1.5% and 1.2% in surgically menopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: This study established the BMD curve and regression equation in Korean postmenopausal women according to the causes of menopause. There was no significant difference in the mean BMD and the prevalence of osteoporosis between naturally and surgically menopausal women. Duration of menopause, body weight, and height were found to be the risk factors which influence the development of the osteoporosis. So the postmenopausal women who are at increased risks of developing osteoporosis need more active interventions for preventing the osteoporotic fracture.
Body Weight ; Bone Density* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Menopause* ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Spine

No abstract available.
Sinusitis*

No abstract available.
Dust* ; Mastoid*

This study was designed to investigate dental arch shapes buccally and lingually at Bracket Level of Koreans. This involved studying 63 inviduals (37 males, 26 females) with normal occlusion ranging in age from 17 to 24 years old. The landmarks were digitized and measurements and statistical analysis were performed by NEC 9801 V-M computer. The Results were as Follows: Bicanine width, Bipremolar width and Bimolar width were larger in males than in females. Buccal and lingual arch form and coordination form were obtained by NEC 9801 V-M computer. The parabolic equations which represents buccal and lingual arch form were obtained.
Dental Arch* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was performed in order to investigate the effects of various particle preparations on NF-kappaB and c-Jun/AP-1 activity in osteoclast precursor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoclast precursor cells isolated from C57BL mice were treated with PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) spheres, polystyrene, titanium particles, and retrieved metal particles from failed cementless total hip replacements. NF-kappaB and c-Jun/AP-1 DNA binding activities were analyzed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). RESULTS: Commercially available PMMA and polystyrene spheres routinely showed negativity on endotoxin assays, but titanium particles and retrieved metal particles consistently showed positivity. PMMA spheres, with a maximal response noted at 30 minutes with an optimal concentration of 0.6 mg/ml, were potent stimulator of NF-kappaB and c-Jun/AP-1 activity in osteoclast precursor cells. Other particles (polystyrene, titanium, metal retrievals) also activated transcription factor NF-kappaB and c-Jun/AP-1 compared to controls. Endotoxin removal from retrieved metal particles diminished the biologic effect by approximately 40%. CONCLUSION: Particles of various compositions and sizes (PMMA, polystyrene, titanium, and retrieved metal particles) activated the NF-kappaB and c-Jun/AP-1 signaling pathways. This suggests that NF-kappaB and c-Jun/AP-1 may have important roles in the pathogenesis of periprosthetic osteolysis.
Animals ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; DNA ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B ; Osteoclasts ; Osteolysis ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Polystyrenes ; Titanium ; Transcription Factors

Mail questionnaire was administrated to 370 practising physicians and 388 pharmacists in Taegu city selected by systematic sampling to examine utilization states and opinion of pharmacy under medical care insurance programme and the attitude to the functional division between physicians and pharmacists from April to May 1992. Regarding the opinion on the outcome of drug-store under medical insurance, 71.2 percent of practicing physician answered failure but 13.4 percent of practicing pharmacists answered failure in contrast. Fifty percent of practicing physician asserted introducing functional division between physician and pharmacist while 66.9 percent of practicing pharmacist answered drug-store under medical insurance itself is successful programme. Average daily numbers of preparation of medicine was 32.2 case. Percentage of utilization of drug-store under medical insurance to average daily cases of preparing of medicine was 20 percent, percentage of utilization with physician's prescription was 0.7 percent. And 58.7 percent of practicing physician experienced outside the institute prescription. Regarding the opinion on the pros and cons of enforcing functional division between physician and pharmacist, 59.2 percent of practicing physician preferred pros and 17.7 percent cons ,but 38 percent of practicing pharmacist preferred pros and 45.5 percent cons. And pharmacist know better the content of functional division between physician and pharmacist, practicing emphasized to prevent misuse or abuse of medicine but practicing pharmacist emphasized to display physician and pharmacist's professional ability. And as an opinion on implementation style of functional division between physician and pharmacist in pros respondents, practicing physician favored mandatory enforcement (52.3%), while practicing pharmacist favored partial incomplete functional division (81.7%). As the method of prescription if functional division between physician and pharmacist will be enforced, both practicing physician and pharmacist preferred generic name (44.0%, 89%) mostly, but physician preferred brand name (35.3%) secondly. Regarding the reason for not implementing functional division between physician and pharmacist up to date, both physician and pharmacist answered problem of business right between physician and pharmacist, followed by lack of recognition, and interest of people and lack of the governmental willness. Regarding the opinion on prior decision of condition for enforcing functional division between physician and pharmacist, practicing physician and pharmacist named uneven distribution of medical facilities and drug-store between rural and urban, inequality of physician and pharmacist manpower and the problem of manpower demand and supply mostly, and practicing physician pointed out establishing attitude of acceptance on the part of pharmacist and practicing pharmacist favored establishing attitude of acceptance on the part of physician, which was different attitudes between physician and pharmacist. Following conclusion was reached; 1. Current drug-store under medical insurance program yield insufficient outcome, so we should consider program conversion from drug-store under medical insurance program to functional division between physician and pharmacist. 2. There were problem of business right and conflicts between physician and pharmacist at enforcing functional division between physician and pharmacist, so the government should search for formulating plan to resolve the problem and have neutral willness for the protection of the national health.
Commerce ; Daegu* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Insurance ; Pharmacists* ; Pharmacy ; Postal Service ; Prescriptions ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Socioeconomic Factors

No abstract available.
Genitalia* ; Humans ; Male*

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Tuberculosis*

Scrotal leiomyosarcoma arising from dartos layer not involving the testis, epididymis or spermatic cord is very rare tumor. We report a case of scrotal leiomyosarcoma in 29 year old man who present with right scrotal painless growing mass. The lesion had been for 3 months but there was no related symptom such as pain or tenderness. The excised lesion was 3 x 3cm sized ovoid mass with smooth surface and it had no relationship with the testis, epididymis and spermatic cord. Its pathologic finding was compatible with leiomyosarcoma. So additional radical orchiectomy was done.
Adult ; Epididymis ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Scrotum* ; Spermatic Cord ; Testis