No abstract available.
Bacteria, Anaerobic*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the bone mineral density(BMD) in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: We performed the retrospective study for 1,508 postmenopausal women who had menopause after 40 years of age and didn't take any hormonal agent before measuring bone mineral density. Spinal and femur neck BMD were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA, Lunar Co.). RESULTS: The mean age of the study subjects was 53.7+/-5.7 years and the average BMD of the lumbar spine(L2-L4; L24) and femur neck(FN) were 0.996+/-0.173 g/cm(2) and 0.821+/-0.133 g/cm(2), respectively. Of all subjects, 44.1%(665/1,508) had osteopenia and 14.7%(222/1,508) were already osteoporotic. The prevalence of osteoporosis increased with age; 5.2% in 41-50 years of age, 15.6% in fifties, 32.5% in sixties, and 45.5% in over 70 years of age. There was no significant difference in the age-adjusted BMD between naturally menopausal women(n=828) and surgically menopausal women(n=78). The mean age at menopause of surgically menopausal women was significantly younger than that of naturally menopausal women(47.6+/-3.6 vs 49.2+/-3.5). Duration of menopause, body weight, and height were revealed to be the significant risk factors for osteoporosis. The annual bone loss rates in lumbar spine and femur neck were 1.2% and 1.1% respectively in naturally menopausal women, and 1.5% and 1.2% in surgically menopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: This study established the BMD curve and regression equation in Korean postmenopausal women according to the causes of menopause. There was no significant difference in the mean BMD and the prevalence of osteoporosis between naturally and surgically menopausal women. Duration of menopause, body weight, and height were found to be the risk factors which influence the development of the osteoporosis. So the postmenopausal women who are at increased risks of developing osteoporosis need more active interventions for preventing the osteoporotic fracture.
Body Weight ; Bone Density* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Menopause* ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Spine

No abstract available.
Sinusitis*

No abstract available.
Dust* ; Mastoid*

This study was designed to investigate dental arch shapes buccally and lingually at Bracket Level of Koreans. This involved studying 63 inviduals (37 males, 26 females) with normal occlusion ranging in age from 17 to 24 years old. The landmarks were digitized and measurements and statistical analysis were performed by NEC 9801 V-M computer. The Results were as Follows: Bicanine width, Bipremolar width and Bimolar width were larger in males than in females. Buccal and lingual arch form and coordination form were obtained by NEC 9801 V-M computer. The parabolic equations which represents buccal and lingual arch form were obtained.
Dental Arch* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was performed in order to investigate the effects of various particle preparations on NF-kappaB and c-Jun/AP-1 activity in osteoclast precursor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoclast precursor cells isolated from C57BL mice were treated with PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) spheres, polystyrene, titanium particles, and retrieved metal particles from failed cementless total hip replacements. NF-kappaB and c-Jun/AP-1 DNA binding activities were analyzed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). RESULTS: Commercially available PMMA and polystyrene spheres routinely showed negativity on endotoxin assays, but titanium particles and retrieved metal particles consistently showed positivity. PMMA spheres, with a maximal response noted at 30 minutes with an optimal concentration of 0.6 mg/ml, were potent stimulator of NF-kappaB and c-Jun/AP-1 activity in osteoclast precursor cells. Other particles (polystyrene, titanium, metal retrievals) also activated transcription factor NF-kappaB and c-Jun/AP-1 compared to controls. Endotoxin removal from retrieved metal particles diminished the biologic effect by approximately 40%. CONCLUSION: Particles of various compositions and sizes (PMMA, polystyrene, titanium, and retrieved metal particles) activated the NF-kappaB and c-Jun/AP-1 signaling pathways. This suggests that NF-kappaB and c-Jun/AP-1 may have important roles in the pathogenesis of periprosthetic osteolysis.
Animals ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; DNA ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B ; Osteoclasts ; Osteolysis ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Polystyrenes ; Titanium ; Transcription Factors

Lichen aureus is a variant of pigmented purpuric lichenoid dermatitis. The skin lesions usually appear asymptomatic rusty, copper, or orange colored roundish lichenoid erythematous-purpuric papules and patches on the lower extremities. Histologically, the epidermis shows minimal changes, with a dense lymphohistiocytic infiltrate observed in the superficial derrnis, typically distributed in a band-like fashion. The typical lesion is a single patch localized on the lower extremity. We report a rare case of segmental lichen aureus localized on the right lower extremity.
Citrus sinensis ; Copper ; Dermatitis ; Epidermis ; Lichens* ; Lower Extremity ; Skin

Scrotal leiomyosarcoma arising from dartos layer not involving the testis, epididymis or spermatic cord is very rare tumor. We report a case of scrotal leiomyosarcoma in 29 year old man who present with right scrotal painless growing mass. The lesion had been for 3 months but there was no related symptom such as pain or tenderness. The excised lesion was 3 x 3cm sized ovoid mass with smooth surface and it had no relationship with the testis, epididymis and spermatic cord. Its pathologic finding was compatible with leiomyosarcoma. So additional radical orchiectomy was done.
Adult ; Epididymis ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Scrotum* ; Spermatic Cord ; Testis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the pre-operative and the intra-operative factors including marginal fibrosis affecting the result of vitrectomy for macular hole. METHODS: The medical records of the patient who had been operated for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole from January 1997 to July 2000 were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS: Hole closure, as the implication of anatomical success, was seen in 28 eyes (84.8%) at 1 month after surgery and 23 eyes (69.7%) at the end of follow-up period. And the improvement of two or more Snellen line, as the implication of functional success, was seen in 17 eyes (51.5%). The smaller size of the hole was well correlated with higher rate of anatomical success (P=0.001). And there was a good correlation of higher anatomic success rate with the lack of marginal fibrosis around the hole (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There must be more efforts and investigations on proper management of marginal fibrosis, which might help to improve the result of macular hole surgery.
Fibrosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitrectomy

BACKGROUND: Inhalation anesthetics are known to be bronchodilators. However there are several reports that these effects are not consistant, and depend on the way of experiments. Some reports showed that inhalation anesthetics don't affect broncheal smooth mucle contraction. So, we tried to evaluate the effects of inhalation anesthetics on the histamine induced contraction of broncheal smooth muscles in rabbits. METHODS: Isolated broncheal rings of rabbit were suspended in a Tyrode's solution. Contractions were recorded isometrically using a transducer. Cumulative dose responses of histamine (10(-6), 10(-5) & 10(-4) Mol, histamine group) were observed and also cumulative dose responses of histamine with halothane and enflurane administration (0.5 MAC & 1 MAC) were evaluated. RESULTS: A contraction by histamine was weakened with enflurane administration, but with halothane, the contraction was slightly weakened at 0.5 MAC and no changes were observed at 1.0 MAC compared to a contraction induced by histamine. CONCLUSIONS: At 0.5 MAC of halothane, a contraction induced by histamine was slightly weakened, but at 1 MAC, no changes of contraction occurred. However enflurane weakened the contraction at 0.5 MAC and 1 MAC. It showed that in vitro studies of the direct effect of inhalation anesthetics on smooth muscle contraction are different from the results of in vivo study reports.
Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Bronchodilator Agents ; Enflurane* ; Halothane* ; Histamine* ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Rabbits* ; Transducers