It has been known that the hypothermia have protective effect on neuronal survival after ischemic damage. We performed this study to evaluate the effect of the small changes in postischemic body temperature on the histopathological change of hippocampus in the transient global cerebral ischemia model. Mongolian gerbils were subjected to this study. Nine animal subgroups were investigated, including naive gerbils who underwent sham operation or carotid artery occlusion with postischemic rectal temperature maintained at 32.5, 34.5, 36.5 and 38.5C respectively. Carotid occlusion was maintained for 10 minutes and then reperfusion started. During ischemia, body temperature was maintained 36.5degrees C in all animals. For one hour after ischemia, body temperature was maintained constant at 36.5degrees C in the normothermia group, 38.5 degrees C in the hyperthemia group, 34.5 degrees C in mild hypothermia group, and 32.5 degrees C in moderate hypothermia group respectively. Seven days after the operation, the surviving animals were decapitated and perfusion fixated. After preparing coronal brain slices, viable neurons in hippocampal region were counted using cresyl violet staining. There were significant differences in the hippocampal neuronal survival in normothermia and hyperthermia groups compared with shamoperated group(P<0,01), and neuronal damages in mild and moderate hyperthemia groups were not significantly different from sham operated. Survival rate at postischemic 7th day was also significantly lower in hyperthermia group. We could confirm the protective effect of hypothermia on ischemic neuronal damage by histopathological study. Also hyperthemia was observed to aggravate neuronal death, Careful control of body temperature might have clinical effect in ischemic stroke.
Animals* ; Body Temperature ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Carotid Arteries ; Fever ; Gerbillinae ; Hippocampus ; Hypothermia ; Ischemia* ; Models, Animal* ; Neurons* ; Perfusion ; Reperfusion ; Stroke ; Survival Rate ; Viola

No abstract available.
Humans ; Stroke*

We have noticed an inadvertent error in our article. In Figure 1, an abbreviation is misspelled.

PURPOSE: p53 mutations are one of the most common genetic alterations in human lung cancer. Although the prognostic value of mutant p53 is still debated, it is widely accepted as a relatively early genetic event in the development and progression of lung cancer. Moreover, there are growing reports about an association between smoking and p53 mutation, suggesting that the p53 gene could be a target of the smoking associated carcino- genesis in the lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgically resected 89 primary non-small cell lung cancers were obtained from May of 1995 to May of 1997. p53 expression and Ki-67 expression were measured by immunohistochemistry, and each p53 expression and smoking amount were compared with Ki-67 expression and other clinical prognostic factors. RESULTS: Positive p53 expressions were found in 52 (58%) specimens, including 38 (69%) squamous cell carcinomas, 11 (39%) adenocarcinomas, and 3 (50%) large cell carcinomas, and closely associated with male and squamous cell carcinoma. Also close correlation was observed between smoking amount and p53 expression by the regression analysis. But p53 and Ki-67 expression showed no associations in pathologic stage and survival, and there was no association between p53 expression and survival after adjuvant radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Smoking seems to affect p53 mutations in non-small cell lung cancer, and additional efforts are needed to evaluate the carcinogesis of lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

Congenital leukemia is a rare condition diagnosed at birth to 6 weeks of life with an estimated incidence of 4.7 per million live births. In a review, about 25~30% of cases were well documented as leukemia cutis. We report a case of a 3-month-old infant presented with asymptomatic multiple erythematous to bluish patches and nodules, which had developed about two months ago. Biopsy of the cutaneous lesions revealed immature cells which are overall monotonous with large kidney shaped nucleus, prominent nucleoli and moderate cytoplasm. These atypical cells stained positive for leukocyte common antigen, lysozyme and CD68. With this result, a congenital leukemia cutis was diagnosed. Six months later, she underwent cord blood stem cell transplantation. Seven months after the cord blood stem cell transplantation, the bone marrow examination revealed a normal result. Leukemia can be presented in the skin, the eruption may be nonspecific and it may precede systemic involvement. The recognition is important because early diagnosis can lead to appropriate treatment, followed by better prognosis.
Antigens, CD45 ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Cytoplasm ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Kidney ; Leukemia ; Live Birth ; Muramidase ; Parturition ; Prognosis ; Skin

The Caudal regression syndrome is characterized by sacrococcygeal or lumbosacrococcygeal agenesis, of variable extent, most often accompanied by multiple musculoskeletal abnormalities of the pelvis and legs. It is rare fetal complication of diabetic pregnancy. Although the exact teratogenic mechanism is not known, hyperglycemia appears to play a crucial role as a teratogen. Strict control of diabetes preconceptually and in early pregnancy is presumed to reduce the risk of occurrence. We report a case of caudal regression syndrome detected by pelvic radiography and MRI in the newborn of the diabetic mother.
Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Infant, Newborn* ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mothers* ; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities ; Pelvis ; Pregnancy ; Radiography

OBJECTIVES: The Korean government has enacted two laws, namely, the Personal Information Protection Act and the Bioethics and Safety Act to prevent the unauthorized use of medical information. To protect patients' privacy by complying with governmental regulations and improve the convenience of research, Asan Medical Center has been developing a de-identification system for biomedical research. METHODS: We reviewed Korean regulations to define the scope of the de-identification methods and well-known previous biomedical research platforms to extract the functionalities of the systems. Based on these review results, we implemented necessary programs based on the Asan Medical Center Information System framework which was built using the Microsoft. NET Framework and C#. RESULTS: The developed de-identification system comprises three main components: a de-identification tool, a search tool, and a chart review tool. The de-identification tool can substitute a randomly assigned research ID for a hospital patient ID, remove the identifiers in the structured format, and mask them in the unstructured format, i.e., texts. This tool achieved 98.14% precision and 97.39% recall for 6,520 clinical notes. The search tool can find the number of patients which satisfies given search criteria. The chart review tool can provide de-identified patient's clinical data for review purposes. CONCLUSIONS: We found that a clinical data warehouse was essential for successful implementation of the de-identification system, and this system should be tightly linked to an electronic Institutional Review Board system for easy operation of honest brokers. Additionally, we found that a secure cloud environment could be adopted to protect patients' privacy more thoroughly.
Access to Information ; Bioethics ; Computer Security ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Ethics, Research ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Jurisprudence ; Masks ; Privacy ; Research Design ; Social Control, Formal ; Tertiary Care Centers

There are few methods to control heavy intra-operative bleeding during cesarean delivery of placenta previa. Transient occlusion of uterine arteries (TOUA) during operation has previously been reported as a quick and safe method to control intra-operative uterine bleeding. We reported 2 cases of cesarean delivery with complete placenta previa in which TOUA was performed to safely reduce intra-operative complication, especially heavy intra-operative bleeding. In the 2 cases, cesarean deliveries were safe and without any complications under the TOUA method. TOUA can be a good method to control heavy intra-operative bleeding during cesarean delivery of complete placenta previa with risk of heavy bleeding.
Hemorrhage* ; Placenta Previa* ; Placenta* ; Uterine Artery* ; Uterine Hemorrhage

No abstract available.
Etoposide* ; Fluorouracil* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

A digital mucous cyst (DMC) is clinically characterized by a round to oval, translucent, smooth nodule localized to the dorsal aspect of the distal digits near the distal interphalangeal joint. It usually presents as a solitary lesion, and multiple lesions are uncommon. An 88-year-old man presented with herpetiform translucent papules on the right thumb. We first diagnosed the lesion as molluscum contagiosum or herpetic whitlow. Histopathology showed a cystic space containing mucinous material and numerous fibroblasts surrounded by mucinous stroma in the upper dermis. The lining of the cyst wall was not apparent and mucinous material was stained with Alcian blue, indicating a diagnosis of DMC.
Aged, 80 and over ; Alcian Blue ; Chlorobenzenes ; Dermis ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Joints ; Molluscum Contagiosum ; Mucins ; Thumb