Objective:To explore the strain experiences by suicides and to test the strain theory of suicide.Methods：A consecutive sample of 155 suicides(91 males and 64 females)aged from 15 to 34 years was studied with the psychological autopsy method.Informants consisted of family members and close friends of the suicides.Suicide stories were composed based on the background information of the suicides and what happened at the suicide site and then content-analyzed and rated by independent judges.Results:All of the victims had experienced at least one type of strain before suicide took place.The sequence of the 4 types of strains beginning with the most frequent one was coping strain,100%;aspiration strain,81%,deprivation strain,72% and value strain,45%.Generally,males experienced more coping strains,especially loss of money or investment than females [(8.85±3.64)vs.(7.72±3.77),(0.35±0.92)vs.(0.09±0.52);Ps<0.05],except for the traditionalism and modernity for status of women,religion and atheism [(0.08±0.37)vs.(0.53±0.97),(0.00±0.00)vs.(0.06±0.30);Ps<0.05].As age increased,value strain tended to increase(r= 0.16,P=0.048),whereas aspiration strain tended to decrease(r= -0.30,P<0.001).Conclusion：With the prevalence of dissonant stresses among suicide victims,it is suggested that crisis intervention and suicide prevention should begin with strain reduction through psychological counseling and therapy.

Child ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Nephrology ; history ; Pediatrics ; history ; Societies, Medical ; history

Dystonic Disorders ; surgery ; Epilepsy ; surgery ; Humans ; Neurosurgery ; classification ; methods ; trends

Objective Androgen is an important precursor for the synthesis of estrogen in vivo and is involved in the regulation of female reproductive function.In this study, we explored the influence of different lengths of prepubertal exposure to hyperandrogen on the reproductive function of adult female rats. Methods Twenty-five 23-day-old female rats were equally randomized into five groups:oil control, 2-wk dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 4-wk DHEA, 6-wk DHEA, and 8-wk DHEA, injected with oil or DHEA daily for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks respectively, and mated at 80 days old.We detected serum concentrations of total testosterone (tT), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH) and luteinizing hormone ( LH) by ELISA, observed the time of vaginal opening and changes of the estrous cycle, and recorded the rates of mating and pregnancy, the number of the offspring and their survival rate. Results The tT lev-el was elevated after 2 weeks of DHEA injection, fell to normal after drug withdrawal in the 2-wk and 4-wk DHEA groups, and remained at a high level in the 6-wk group.The E2 level was markedly increased in at 2 and 4 weeks but showed a falling trend at 6 and 8 weeks. DHEA injection did not change the level of FSH significantly but re-markably lifted that of LH with the increased concentration of tT.The vaginal opening time was significantly advanced in the 2-wk DHEA group as compared with the controls ([26.60 ±0.89] d vs [35.20 ±
2.49] d, P<0.01).The estrous cycle exhibited no significant change until the 4th week (20.00%vs 86.67%, P<0.05) and returned to normal with drug withdrawal in the 2-wk and 4-wk groups, but not in 6-wk and 8-wk groups.Compared with the oil controls, the rats in the 6-wk and 8-wk groups showed a dramatically lower number of offspring (10.20 ±1.48 vs 6.40 ±1.14 and 6.60 ±1.52, P<0.01) as well as a lower survival rate of the offspring (9.40 ±1.67 vs 5.60 ±0.55 and 5.40 ±1.67, P<0.05).However, no statistically sig-nificant differences were found in the rates of mating and pregnancy among the five groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Prepubertal expo-sure to hyperandrogen may advance adrenarche and gonadarche and affect the initiation of the sexual gland function in female rats.Impro-ving the hyperandrogen status in the early pubertal stage can reverse the disorder of the estrous cycle, while long-term exposure to DHEA may significantly reduce the fecundity at the childbearing age.

Objective　The poststroke depression(PSD) is a common complication in the cerebrovascular diseases.Methods　Having used the monoamine oxidase inhibitor,procaine hydrochloride composite film-coating tablets,we observed the Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAMD) and selfrating depression(SDS) of the patients with poststroke depression.Results　Two weeks late after the procaine hydrochloride composite film-coating tablets administrated,the scales of HAMD and SDS have been improved obviously.Conclusion　This investigation has suggested that the monoamine oxidase inhibitor can improve the depression of the patients with poststroke and be beneficial to the brain stroke.

OBJECTIVETo prepare matrine double-sensitive colon-specific pellets and study the factors affecting its quality and evaluateing the colon-specific effects of preparation.

METHODMatrine enzyme-sensitive pellets core were prepared by carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan as the main carrier material, and coated the core by acrylic resin II and III to prepare matrine double-sensitive colon-specific pellets. The prescription and technology of the matrine colon-specific pellets were studied by the single factor investigation, through the in vitro release test and coating rate determination.

RESULTThe optimized process conditions: FeCl3 concentration is 4.0 g x L(-1), chitosan concentration is 3.0 g x L(-1), carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan concentration is 20 g x L(-1), mixed gel solution pH value is 3. The release of matrine is less than 30% in the simulation of the upper gastrointestinal medium. The release of matrine is close to 100% in simulated full gastrointestinal medium, the coating weight is 7%.

CONCLUSIONThe prepared pellets have good colon positioning effect in vitro.

Acrylic Resins ; chemistry ; Administration, Oral ; Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Chlorides ; chemistry ; Colon ; metabolism ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mannans ; chemistry ; Quinolizines ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tablets, Enteric-Coated ; Time Factors

Animals ; Toxins, Biological ; chemistry ; physiology

Child ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Renal

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of Chinese herbal fumigation in the postoperative anal disease. The authors randomly divided 348 patients into treatment group and control group with 174 cases in each group. The treatment group was given to the Chinese herbal medicine hemorrhoids lotion for fumigation based on conventional anti infective therapy, routine dressing change and relaxing bowel. The control group was given to 1 000 mL 1: 5 000 potassium permanganate solution for sitz bath, fumigation based on conventional anti infective therapy, routine dressing change and relaxing bowel. The pain score, edema score, bleeding score, granulation tissue growth score and wound healing time of two groups were compared after operation. The results showed that the postoperative 6 h pain scores were higher in the two groups, the postoperative 3,5,7 d pain scores gradually decreased, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The difference of postoperative 6 h pain scores was no significant difference between the two groups, while postoperative 3,5,7 d pain scores in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). 7 days after operation, anal margin of edema score and blood in the stool score in the treatment group were lower than those in control group, meat medicine growth score was higher than that of the control group, the difference had statistical meaning (P < 0.05). The healing time of two groups was respectively (13.89 + 2.78), (18.45 + 1.65) d (P < 0.05). This study suggested that Chinese herbal fumigation and washing could reduce the pain degree of patients, the anal margin of edema, and the blood in the stool, also could promote granulation tissue growth and shorten the time of wound healing, deserve the clinical expansion.
Adult ; Anal Canal ; surgery ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Edema ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain, Postoperative ; drug therapy