Objective:To explore the strain experiences by suicides and to test the strain theory of suicide.Methods：A consecutive sample of 155 suicides(91 males and 64 females)aged from 15 to 34 years was studied with the psychological autopsy method.Informants consisted of family members and close friends of the suicides.Suicide stories were composed based on the background information of the suicides and what happened at the suicide site and then content-analyzed and rated by independent judges.Results:All of the victims had experienced at least one type of strain before suicide took place.The sequence of the 4 types of strains beginning with the most frequent one was coping strain,100%;aspiration strain,81%,deprivation strain,72% and value strain,45%.Generally,males experienced more coping strains,especially loss of money or investment than females [(8.85±3.64)vs.(7.72±3.77),(0.35±0.92)vs.(0.09±0.52);Ps<0.05],except for the traditionalism and modernity for status of women,religion and atheism [(0.08±0.37)vs.(0.53±0.97),(0.00±0.00)vs.(0.06±0.30);Ps<0.05].As age increased,value strain tended to increase(r= 0.16,P=0.048),whereas aspiration strain tended to decrease(r= -0.30,P<0.001).Conclusion：With the prevalence of dissonant stresses among suicide victims,it is suggested that crisis intervention and suicide prevention should begin with strain reduction through psychological counseling and therapy.

Objective　The poststroke depression(PSD) is a common complication in the cerebrovascular diseases.Methods　Having used the monoamine oxidase inhibitor,procaine hydrochloride composite film-coating tablets,we observed the Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAMD) and selfrating depression(SDS) of the patients with poststroke depression.Results　Two weeks late after the procaine hydrochloride composite film-coating tablets administrated,the scales of HAMD and SDS have been improved obviously.Conclusion　This investigation has suggested that the monoamine oxidase inhibitor can improve the depression of the patients with poststroke and be beneficial to the brain stroke.

Objective Androgen is an important precursor for the synthesis of estrogen in vivo and is involved in the regulation of female reproductive function.In this study, we explored the influence of different lengths of prepubertal exposure to hyperandrogen on the reproductive function of adult female rats. Methods Twenty-five 23-day-old female rats were equally randomized into five groups:oil control, 2-wk dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 4-wk DHEA, 6-wk DHEA, and 8-wk DHEA, injected with oil or DHEA daily for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks respectively, and mated at 80 days old.We detected serum concentrations of total testosterone (tT), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH) and luteinizing hormone ( LH) by ELISA, observed the time of vaginal opening and changes of the estrous cycle, and recorded the rates of mating and pregnancy, the number of the offspring and their survival rate. Results The tT lev-el was elevated after 2 weeks of DHEA injection, fell to normal after drug withdrawal in the 2-wk and 4-wk DHEA groups, and remained at a high level in the 6-wk group.The E2 level was markedly increased in at 2 and 4 weeks but showed a falling trend at 6 and 8 weeks. DHEA injection did not change the level of FSH significantly but re-markably lifted that of LH with the increased concentration of tT.The vaginal opening time was significantly advanced in the 2-wk DHEA group as compared with the controls ([26.60 ±0.89] d vs [35.20 ±
2.49] d, P<0.01).The estrous cycle exhibited no significant change until the 4th week (20.00%vs 86.67%, P<0.05) and returned to normal with drug withdrawal in the 2-wk and 4-wk groups, but not in 6-wk and 8-wk groups.Compared with the oil controls, the rats in the 6-wk and 8-wk groups showed a dramatically lower number of offspring (10.20 ±1.48 vs 6.40 ±1.14 and 6.60 ±1.52, P<0.01) as well as a lower survival rate of the offspring (9.40 ±1.67 vs 5.60 ±0.55 and 5.40 ±1.67, P<0.05).However, no statistically sig-nificant differences were found in the rates of mating and pregnancy among the five groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Prepubertal expo-sure to hyperandrogen may advance adrenarche and gonadarche and affect the initiation of the sexual gland function in female rats.Impro-ving the hyperandrogen status in the early pubertal stage can reverse the disorder of the estrous cycle, while long-term exposure to DHEA may significantly reduce the fecundity at the childbearing age.

Child ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Nephrology ; history ; Pediatrics ; history ; Societies, Medical ; history

Dystonic Disorders ; surgery ; Epilepsy ; surgery ; Humans ; Neurosurgery ; classification ; methods ; trends

OBJECTIVETo prepare matrine double-sensitive colon-specific pellets and study the factors affecting its quality and evaluateing the colon-specific effects of preparation.

METHODMatrine enzyme-sensitive pellets core were prepared by carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan as the main carrier material, and coated the core by acrylic resin II and III to prepare matrine double-sensitive colon-specific pellets. The prescription and technology of the matrine colon-specific pellets were studied by the single factor investigation, through the in vitro release test and coating rate determination.

RESULTThe optimized process conditions: FeCl3 concentration is 4.0 g x L(-1), chitosan concentration is 3.0 g x L(-1), carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan concentration is 20 g x L(-1), mixed gel solution pH value is 3. The release of matrine is less than 30% in the simulation of the upper gastrointestinal medium. The release of matrine is close to 100% in simulated full gastrointestinal medium, the coating weight is 7%.

CONCLUSIONThe prepared pellets have good colon positioning effect in vitro.

Acrylic Resins ; chemistry ; Administration, Oral ; Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Chlorides ; chemistry ; Colon ; metabolism ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mannans ; chemistry ; Quinolizines ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tablets, Enteric-Coated ; Time Factors

Animals ; Toxins, Biological ; chemistry ; physiology

In order to increase the underachievement students’ score,we investigate their way of learning by questionnaire and interview. We find that learning motivation,learning style,learning time and thinking ability are the most important factors. So the underachievement students can be divided into four classes: learning motivation insufficiency, learning method incorrectness, learning time insufficiency and thinking ability insufficiency. And we raise some education strategies for each class.

Child ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Renal