The enhancing potential of anatoxin a (AFB1) and D-galactosamine (DGA) on development of preneoplastic glutathione S-transferase placental form positive (GST-P+) hepatic foci was examined using an in vivo mid-term assay system based on two-stage concept of hepatocarci-nogenesis. Rats were initially given a single dose (200 mg/kg) of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) intraperi-toneally, and thereafter. with an interval of 2 weeks, AFBl at a graded concentration (0.06, 0.012, 0.0024, 0.00048, and 0.000096 mg/kg i.g.) and DGA (100 mg/kg i.p.) were administered for 6 weeks and then sacrificed. All rats were subjected to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy to induce a potent growth stimulus to DEN-altered hepatocytes at the week 3. The modifying potential was scored by comparing the number and the area (mm2) per cm2 of GST-P+ foci in the liver with those of the corresponding control group given DEN alone. AFBl (at a graded concentration between 96 ng/kg and 60 microgram/kg) exerted a strong promoting effect oil induction of GST-P+ foci with both the number and the area. The logarithmic dose of AFBl and the potency to promote hepatocarcinogenesis were in dose-dependent relationship. DGA, a known necrogenic chemical to cause periportal necrosis and stimulate hepatocellular proliferation. also revealed the increase in the area of GST-P+ foci. although its enhancing potentia1 was 1ess profound than that of AFBl. The results suggest that DGA is also a useful proliferative stimulus m improve the medium-termdetection of unknown carcinogens.
Rats ; Animals

The etiologic impacts in primary hepatocellular carcinoma among Koreans seem different from those in other countries with its high incidence and close association of hepatitis B virus infection and liver cirrhosis. A series of 35 lobectomy specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was examined by means of electron microscopy to elucidate the general ultrastructural characteristics and to understand the morphogenesis of various histological growth patterns and cytologic features of HCC. 1) General cytological details of HCC were similar to those of non-neoplastic hepatocytes, but characterized by scantiness of subcellular organelles. Degree of cellular differentiation was not correlated with ultrastructural features of HCC. 2) Acinar pattern of HCC seemed to develop by either dilatation of central bile canaliculus or central cystic degeneration of microtrabecular growth, and clear cell group of HCC was expressed in abundance of glycogen particles and lipid droplets. 3) Intranuclear inclusions of HCC proved to be cytoplasmic herniations of tumor cells, and intracytoplasmic tubular arrays appeared to originate from the endoplasmic reticulum. 4) Hyaline globules seen in HCC corresponded to clumps of microfilamentous structures similar or identical to Mallory's hyalin.
Humans ; Incidence ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

A case of lymphatic cyst of the adrenal gland in a 55-year-old woman is described. The patient presented with vague abdominal pain, and abdominal CT and ultrasonography suggested a pancreatic cyst. The cyst, 10x8x6 cm in size, was found in the left adrenal gland; it was multilocular and septated with thin walls that were lined by a single layer of attenuated cells. The lining cells gave a weak positive immunoreactivity against factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex eurapaeus, and ultrastructural study revealed the lining cells to be of endothelial origin. Together with small tiny proliferative cystic spaces were intermixture of the normal adrenal cortical cells in the transition zone between large cysts and adrenal cortex. No histologic distinction between cystic lymphangioma and lymphangiectatic cyst was obtained; instead, a term of lymphatic cyst seems preferred unless otherwise confirmed. With its classification, the pathogenesis of adrenal lymphatic cysts is reviewed.
Female ; Humans ; Cysts

This report deals with three cases of accessory hepatic nodules incidentally noted during operation. Two of them were found on the serosal surface of the gallbladder with no connection to the main body of the liver. The other case was in the greater omentum. All three cases were small oval shaped, measuring less than 1 cm in maximum dimension and were composed of histologically normal hepatic tissue and seemed to receive blood supply from the adjacent tissue through the capsular blood vessels. Presence of the fairly well retained intralobular mesenchymal component may reflect that accessory hepatic nodules develop after conjugation of hepatic diverticulum and septum transversum.

No abstract available.
Allografts* ; Animals ; Blood Transfusion* ; Cyclosporine* ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed* ; Rats*

With advance of diagnostic imaging technics, the detection rate of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become much increased, but the questions whether the growth pattern and histologic nature of the HCC keep maintain the original gross and microscopic features with its advancement of tumor size remain still unclear. We reviewed 39 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinomas(HCCs) with a tumor size less than or equal to 3 cm in diameter(s-HCC), and their gross and microscopic features were compared with the HCCs bigger than 3 cm (i-HCC, 199 cases). Single nodular type(SN) was the most common gross type(60%) in s-HCCs, and was followed by single nodular type with perinodular extension(SNPE; 15.4%), multinodular-discrete type(10.3%) and multinodular-confluent type(5.1%). These figures contrasted to SNPE(42.2%) and SN(20.6%) in the i-HCCs. Of the 39 s-HCCs, 25 cases(64.1%) were encapsulated, and 14 cases(36%) demonstrated intratumoral fibrous septations, being contrasted to the i-HCCs in which fibrous septa formation was mord prominent but complete capsule formation was found only in 40.2% of the larger ones. Microscopically, the trabecular type was the most frequent one(53.9%), and increased with their size while the compact type transformed into trabecular one. Thirty three cases(84.6%) were associated with macronodular cirrhosis. Seropositivity for HBsAg was found in 26 cases(66.6%), and high serum alpha-fetoprotein level over 500 IU/L was found in 15 s-HCC cases(38.4%), while 53.3% in i-HCC. The above results suggest that HCCs change their pathologic features by increase of their size, and a comparison of the details with regard to the possible mechanisms involved is discussed.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

The authors have reviewed 63 resistant clubfeet of 40 patients who were treated by modified Turco's operstion at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital during the eight years period from July, 1979 to June, 1987. The procedure performed by the senior author(D.Y.L.) is essentially similar to Turco's original technique, but with the following modifications :(a) A curvilinear skin incision instead of Turco's straight oblique incision. (b) Aponeurotic tenotomy of the abductor hallucis. (c) Medial capsulotomies of the first metatarso-medial cuneiform joint, medial cuneiformnavicular joint and release of the medial extension of the tibialis anterior insertion. (d) Z-plastic lengtening of the tibialis posterior tendon instead of tenotomy (e) Plantar fasciotomy The average age at the time of operation was 23.4 months, the youngest being 4 months and the oldest being 6 year and 7 months. The follow-up period was minimum 12 months and maximum 6 years, the average being 27.4 months. The cases were analysed radiologically and clinically, and following observations were made. l. AP and lateral talocalcaneal angles were corrected satiafactorily in 60 feet(95%) and 59 feet(94%), respectively. The Talocalcaneal indices were corrected satisfactorily to over 40 in 60 feet(95%). 2. The talo-first metatarsal angles, which reflect adduction of the fore-foot, were corrected satisfactorily to within +10°in 55 feet(87%). 3. Good and fair results were obtained in 54 feet(86%) in the radiological evaluation. 4. Adduction deformity of the forefoot was responsible in most cases of radiologically unsatisfactory results. 5. Among 40 feet of 26 pstients who were evaluated clinically by the Wynne-Davis method, 33 feet were rated good and 7 feet were rated fair. No poor results were found clinically. 6. Senior author's modification of additional forefoot medial release is an important addition to Turco's original technique and effectively reduced unsatisfacotory results.
Clubfoot ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Joints ; Metatarsal Bones ; Methods ; Seoul ; Skin ; Tendons ; Tenotomy

The experiment was performed to investigate changes of maternal immune status during the pregnancy. We observed the distribution of several immune cells [macrophage, activated B-cell, IgM+ B-cell, Lyt-2+ T-cell and L3T4+ T-cells] in the utero-placental interface and the peripheral blood of Balb/c mice. The experimental animals were divided into seven groups by the gestational ages ; virgin, 2nd, 5th, 8th, 10th, 14th and 19th day of pregnancy. In the utero-placental interface, the distribution patterns of the lymphocytes [both T and B] and macrophages were observed. Histochemical staining by naphthol-AS-MX phosphate sodium salt was used for the detection of activated B-cells. For the detection of macrophage, plasma cell, suppressor cell and helper cell, all the prepared samples reacted with Rat anti-mouse Mac-1, goat anti-mouse IgM, rat anti-Lyt2 and rat anti-L3T4 antibody first, and washed. Second reaction was done with biotinylated anti-rat or anti-mouse IgG anti-bodies, and washed. Avidin-biotin -peroxidase complex and 3, 3`-diamino-benzidine[DAB] were used for the visualization of specific cells. T-cells and B-cells were not observed during the all stages of pregnancy. By contrast, macrophages were observed a few at the perimetrium on the second day of gestation, and they were found at the outermost portion of the trophoblastic layer on the 8th day, and they were observed at the decidua basalis in late pregnancy after the 10th day when the placenta were well developed. In the peripheral blood, activated B-cells were not observed throughout the pregnancy. On the 8th day, the proportion of plasma cells to total mononuclear cells was decreased significantly to 16+/-2.4% compared with the virgin group[22+/-2.6%][p<0.01]. It increased again and it reached 42+/-5.8% on the 14th day and 37+/-4.9% on the 19th day. Helper T-cells were decreased on the 14th day[30+/-2.4%] compared with the normal control[47+/-5.1%]. But, Suppressor T-cells were increased on the 8th day[35+/-2.9%] and the 10th day[33+/-3.6%] compared with the normal controls[27+/-2.3%]. This decrement returned to the level of the normal controls on the 14th day and 19th day. Together with our previous data, we could find the synchronized changes of immune cells in utero-placental interface, uterus draining lymph nodes, peripheral blood and spleen. Therefore, we suggest that macrophages in utero-placental interface may play an important role for the immune responses against the fetal transplantation antigen.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Decidua ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Goats ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages* ; Mice* ; Placenta ; Plasma Cells ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Sodium ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; Trophoblasts ; Uterus

Gastric lesion in familial polyposis coli is commonly presented with fundic gland hyperplastic polyps, but duodenal and gastric adenomas together with their carcinomatous transformation have been rarely described in familial polyposis coli mostly by case reports. We present three cases of gastric adenomas in familial polyposis coli with one in synchronous development of gastric adenocarcinoma in Korea. All three cases had the family history related to familial polyosis coli and received proctocolectomy because of synchronous development of colonic adenocarcinoma. One patient developed gastric polyposis and adenocarcinoma 8 years after colectomy, and the remaining two presented with multiple polyps either in the stomach or duodenum synchronously at the time of the diagnosis of familial polyposis coli with colonic adenocarcinoma. None disclosed any evidence of Gardner's syndrome. We conclude that association of gastric adenomas in familial oplyposis coli is not uncommon and gastric adenoma-carcinoma sequence is an another important participating mechanism to understand the histogenesis of gastric carcinoma in Korea.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma

No abstract available.
Pancreas*