The experiment was performed to investigate changes of maternal immune status during the pregnancy. We observed the distribution of several immune cells [macrophage, activated B-cell, IgM+ B-cell, Lyt-2+ T-cell and L3T4+ T-cells] in the utero-placental interface and the peripheral blood of Balb/c mice. The experimental animals were divided into seven groups by the gestational ages ; virgin, 2nd, 5th, 8th, 10th, 14th and 19th day of pregnancy. In the utero-placental interface, the distribution patterns of the lymphocytes [both T and B] and macrophages were observed. Histochemical staining by naphthol-AS-MX phosphate sodium salt was used for the detection of activated B-cells. For the detection of macrophage, plasma cell, suppressor cell and helper cell, all the prepared samples reacted with Rat anti-mouse Mac-1, goat anti-mouse IgM, rat anti-Lyt2 and rat anti-L3T4 antibody first, and washed. Second reaction was done with biotinylated anti-rat or anti-mouse IgG anti-bodies, and washed. Avidin-biotin -peroxidase complex and 3, 3`-diamino-benzidine[DAB] were used for the visualization of specific cells. T-cells and B-cells were not observed during the all stages of pregnancy. By contrast, macrophages were observed a few at the perimetrium on the second day of gestation, and they were found at the outermost portion of the trophoblastic layer on the 8th day, and they were observed at the decidua basalis in late pregnancy after the 10th day when the placenta were well developed. In the peripheral blood, activated B-cells were not observed throughout the pregnancy. On the 8th day, the proportion of plasma cells to total mononuclear cells was decreased significantly to 16+/-2.4% compared with the virgin group[22+/-2.6%][p<0.01]. It increased again and it reached 42+/-5.8% on the 14th day and 37+/-4.9% on the 19th day. Helper T-cells were decreased on the 14th day[30+/-2.4%] compared with the normal control[47+/-5.1%]. But, Suppressor T-cells were increased on the 8th day[35+/-2.9%] and the 10th day[33+/-3.6%] compared with the normal controls[27+/-2.3%]. This decrement returned to the level of the normal controls on the 14th day and 19th day. Together with our previous data, we could find the synchronized changes of immune cells in utero-placental interface, uterus draining lymph nodes, peripheral blood and spleen. Therefore, we suggest that macrophages in utero-placental interface may play an important role for the immune responses against the fetal transplantation antigen.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Decidua ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Goats ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages* ; Mice* ; Placenta ; Plasma Cells ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Sodium ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; Trophoblasts ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Animals ; Blastocyst* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Glucose* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Skin Manifestations* ; Skin*

It is well known that the spatial patterns of basement membrane[BM] components show a close correlation with the morphogenetic process in developing organs during pre- and postnatal period. But little is known about the chronological changes in BM components during the development of thyroid gland. To investigate the correlation of the distribution of BM components with the development of the thyroid gland, immunohistochemical localization of the BM components was performed, using rat fetuses[from 15 to 21 days of gestation] and pups[from 1 to 14 days]. According to the histological features with H.E. staining, prenatal development[El5-21] of the rat thyroid could be divided into 3 representative stages : 1] Undifferentiated primordium of thyroid epithelia, forming cell cords or cell nests [until El5 day]. 2] An intervening stage of cell proliferation with the pattern of lobulation[El6-17 days]. 3] Stage of maturing follicles[El8-21 days]. It could be concluded that differentiation of the thyroid follicle are terminated during the prenatal period and growth in size and number occurs during the first two weeks after birth. By the immunohistochemical localization of laminin[LM], fibronectin[FN], type IV collagen[CIV], the basement membranes investing thyroid follicles could be clearly delineated at 15 days of gestation. Reactivity for LN and CIV associated with BM increased with advancing development, while that of FH was apparently weakened during the 2 weeks after birth. On the other hand immunoreactivity for CIV in the same age group increased, compared to that of previous swage of development. These results indicate that BM components were expressed in distinct spatial patterns with advancing development of thyroid gland. Based on these observations, it could be concluded that these BM components are important determinants in epithelial growth and differentiation during thyroid development.
Animals ; Basement Membrane* ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen Type IV ; Fibronectins ; Hand ; Humans ; Laminin ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Rats* ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Shoulder Fractures*

The standard treatment of adult femoral shaft fractures is the closed intramedullary nailing using a fracture table, but in polytraumatized patients, this method may be difficult due to concomitant adjacent injury. So, we report on the technique of closed intramedullary nailing without a fracture table for adult femoral shaft fracture using "joystick" technique on radiolucent table in supine position. Among 15 cases, two were open fractures, three were proximal 1/3, seven were middle 1/3, two were distal 1/3, and theree were segmental fractures. According to the Winquist Hansen classification, five type I, four type II, three type III, three were type IV. The eleven patients out of the fifteen were operated within 48 hours. The average operation time was 105 minutes, and the amount of bleeding was below 300cc. Forty-seven percent was anatomically reduced, forty percent had below five degree of angular deformity or below five milimeter of shortening, thirteen percent had above five degree of angular deformity of above five milimeter of shortening. The closed intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures without fracture table using radiolucent table and "joy stick" technique is an effective and safe method in multiple injuries. And it reduced the operation time by reducing the preoperation time including preparing of a fracture table.
Adult ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Femoral Fractures ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Open ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Methods ; Multiple Trauma ; Supine Position

Iliac vein compression syndrome is a rare clinical condition in which left common iliac vein is anatomically compressed between right common iliac artery and the fifth lumbar vertebrae or pelvic brim. Patients usually have marked edema of the left leg. Although the actual incidence is unknown, this syndrome most affects women in the second to fourth decade of life. We report 4 cases of iliac compression syndrome treated by surgical intervention during the last fifteen-year period. Among them, two women have suffered from chronic intermittent swelling and pain of left leg, and two men had acute or subacute symptoms. The fibrous web in the entrance of left iliac vein into vena cava existed in one case. Including this one, two were treated by transposition of iliac artery or vein with thrombectomy. One was decompressed the arterial compression by mobilization or adhesiolysis of the surrounding vessles with thrombectomy. To the last one in which the distal common iliac vein was compressed by tortous dilated left internal iliac artery, transsection and ligation of the internal iliac artery was performed. All patients have experienced improved left leg condition after operation. except the last one in which suffered from thrombosis of left popliteal vein after the iliac decompression.
Decompression ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Iliac Vein ; Incidence ; Leg ; Ligation ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; May-Thurner Syndrome ; Popliteal Vein ; Thrombectomy ; Thrombosis ; Veins

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare disease and is seldom seen in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. We experienced a SMAS as a result of an enlarged abdominal aortic aneurysm in a 52 year-old female patient who had undergone renal transplant in the right iliac position 8 years previously. The abdominal aortic aneurysm was successfully resected without an extracorporeal bypass during crossclamping, and postoperatively the patient's symptoms were improved and her renal function was well preserved.
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal* ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior* ; Middle Aged ; Rare Diseases ; Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome* ; Transplantation*

No abstract available.
Allografts* ; Humans ; Ultrasonography*

Endovascular therapy of critical limb ischemia is indicated in high risk patients, especially the diabetics. The ipsilateral antegrade femoral approach is the most common access site. When this approach fails, the retrograde pedal artery percutaneous approach can be considered. A 51-year-old diabetic male patient was presented with severe rest pain and gangrene on his right 4th toe. Computed tomography angiography showed multilevel calcific arterial occlusive disease, involving the popliteal and proximal anterior tibial arteries. Below knee angioplasty and stenting of the right leg was done through ipsilateral antegrade femoral approach and retrograde pedal artery approach. The C-arm guided retrograde pedal approach for calcific artery was useful for recanalization of the occluded anterior tibial artery when antegrade approach failed.
Angiography ; Angioplasty ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; Arteries ; Diabetic Foot ; Extremities ; Gangrene ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Knee ; Leg ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; Stents ; Tibial Arteries ; Toes