1.A study on the lipids of Chinese liverfluke, Clonorchis sinensis.
Soon Hyung LEE ; Chul Yong SONG ; Byong Ha CHO
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 1977;15(2):109-114
The present study was undertaken to observe the quality and quantity of lipids in the adult worms of Chinese liverfluke, Clonorchis sinensis. Lipid extraction was done by the methods of Folch et a1. (l957) and Kenny (1952), and then the extracted lipid fractions of the worm were separated by thin layer chromatography. Those fractions were also subjected to perform the quantitative analyses of glycerides, cholesterols and phospholipids. The results obtained were summarized as follows: Total amount of glyceride was 37.56 mg per gram of worm tissue and the amount of monoglyceride was 8.34 mg per gm; diglyceride, 15.46 mg per gm; and triglyceride, 12.86 mg per gm. Total amount of cholesterol was 3.30 mg per gm of worm tissue, and the esterified cholesterol (1.72 mg/gm) was a little more than that of free cholesterol (1.26 mg/gm). The following 8 phospholipids were detected in the worm tissue of C. sinensis, i.e., lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, phophatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown phospholipid.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda
;
Clonorchis sinensis
;
biochemistry
;
glyceride
;
cholesterol
;
phospholipid
;
lipid
;
lysophosphatidylcholine
;
phosphatidylcholine
;
phophatidylinositol
;
sphingomyelin
;
phosphatidylglycerol
;
phosphatidylserine
;
phosphatidylethanolamine
2.Characterization of cytoplasmic Form of Human CTLA - 4 Molecule.
Yang Ja CHO ; Yong Hoon CHUNG ; Hyung Soo HAN
Korean Journal of Immunology 1997;19(2):219-228
CTLA-4 (=CD152), a T cell activation antigen, has been known to be homologous to CD28 in its molecular and genomic structure. Both of these two molecules are sharing their counterreceptors, B7 (CDSO) and B7-2 (CD86) and are known to play a crucial role in T cell activation. In previous our study it was reported that there are 2 forms of CTLA-4 antigen in activated human T cells, 30 kD membrane-bound form and 34 kD cytosolic-sequestered form and the former was less than 5 % of total of this antigen induced. Aims of this study are to confirm previous finding by using flow cytometry and to characterize the cytoplasmic form of human CTLA-4 by using ultrafiltration and immunoprecipitation techniques. In PHA stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte surface expression of CTLA-4 was less than 2.1% of any of CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ subsets. And the 34 kD form of CTLA-4 was detected in CDS+ subset only. This discrepancy confirms that 34 kD antigen is the cytoplasmic form of human CTLA-4. In ultrafiltration and subsequent Western blot analysis study this 34 kD antigen was detected in >100 kD fraction only. And in non-reducing condition this antigen formed high molecular weght complex (MW > 350 kD). In immunoprecipitation study using anti-peptide A antibody it was found that this high molecular weight complex consists of the 34 kD cytoplasmic form of CTLA-4 and previously unknown 54 kD antigen and 46 kD antigen at 1:1:8-10 ratio. And none of these 3 molecules were identified in membrane fraction of activated human T cell. The result of this study implies that CTLA-4 molecule induced upon T cell activation mainly sequestered in cytoplasrn and another signal is necessary to target this antigen on the activated T cell surface.
Antigens, CD27
;
Blotting, Western
;
CTLA-4 Antigen
;
Cytoplasm*
;
Flow Cytometry
;
Humans*
;
Immunoprecipitation
;
Lymphocytes
;
Membranes
;
Molecular Weight
;
T-Lymphocytes
;
Ultrafiltration
3.Follow
Bong Kun KIM ; Yong Sung AHN ; Il Hyung CHO
The Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association 1984;19(4):649-658
From May, 1971 to June, 1984, we performed extensive saucerization on the chronic osteomyelitis of long bones eradicating all pathologic foci; not only sequestra but sclerotic involocurum and necrotic original cortex embeded by new bone, which was different from the conventional methods such as sequestrectomy or guttering in its extensiveness. Clinical analysis on the base of radiologic evaluation after saucerization was done on the 16 patients; for average 5 years of follow-up. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The angulatory deformity of the long bones after pathologic fracture complicated by the chronic osteomyelitis was not corrected satisfactorily due to the bony sclerosis or hyperostosis at the fracture site, especially in cases of posterior or medial angulation. 2. The recurrence was closely related to the persisting non-sequestered original cortical lesion after incomplete saucerization, which was embeded by the new bone. So to prevent the recurrence the non-sequestered original cortical lesion must be removed completely. 3. The cortical defect after saucerization was restored completely in patients under the age of 14, but which was not the way in patients over the age of 16.
Congenital Abnormalities
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Fractures, Spontaneous
;
Humans
;
Hyperostosis
;
Osteomyelitis
;
Recurrence
;
Sclerosis
4.Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with free vascularized fibula transfer.
Yong Kee CHO ; Byung Chae CHO ; Jung Hyung LEE ; Bong Soo BAIK ; Shin Yoon KIM
Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 1998;25(5):902-911
Thirty one free vascularized fibula bone grafts were performed for treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in 26 patients, 24 men and 2 women aged from 16 to 48(mean:32 years). Twenty one patients had unilateral disease. Five patients had bilateral disease underwent staged bilateral free vascularized fibula grafts three months apart. Associated etiological factors included alcohol(9 patients), steroid(7 patients), and trauma(one patient). The condition was considered idiopathic in the remaining 9 patients. Radiologic staging by Ficat included stage 1 in one hip, stage II in 15 hips, stage III in 14 hips, and stage IV in one hip. A skin island flap was used for monitoring purpose for the grafted fibula. One monitoring, flap was necrotized due to vascular occlusion but the fibula bone graft was left in place to use as a nonvascularized bone graft. Average follow-up period was 21 months in 31 hips. Pain was relieved in 28 hips(93.3 percent) and aggravated in 2 hips(6.7 per cent). On radiographic evaluation, 26 hips(86.7 per cent) demonstrated excellent preservation of the femoral head contour. Progressive collapse of the femoral head (greater than 1-2 mm) occurred in 2 hips, i mm depression in one hip with stage III and 2 mm collapse in one hip with stage IV. In conclusion, the free vascularized fibula bone graft is an excellent treatment modality for preserving the femoral head and relieving symptoms in cases of the osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Depression
;
Female
;
Fibula*
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Head*
;
Hip
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Osteonecrosis*
;
Skin
;
Transplants
5.Reconstruction of the defects with free flaps after head and neck cancer ablation.
Yong Kee CHO ; Jung Hyung LEE ; Byung Chae CHO ; Bong Soo BAIK
Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 1998;25(5):884-896
The number of cancers in the head and neck areas has been increasing due to the increasing life span of the patients and a free flap is a common procedure to reconstruct defect in the head and neck area. From March 1990 to February 1998, 105 patients underwent 110 free flap operations after head and neck cancer ablation and they were reviewed retrospectively. Among 110 free flaps, 93 are forearm flaps, 6 jejunal flaps, 5 vascularized fibular osteocutaneous flaps, 2 lateral arm flaps, 2 rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps and 1 latissimus dorsi muscle flap and 1 latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. Sixty-five radial forearm flaps and 4 ulnar forearm flaps were utilized in patched type and 24 radial forearm flaps in tubed type mainly for the reconstruction of intraoral and hypopharyngeal defects. Sis jejunal flaps were utilized for the esophageal reconstruction and 5 vascularized fibular osteocutaneous flaps for the mandibular reconstruction. The remaining flaps were for the reconstruction of other areas of head and neck.Overall survival rate of the flap was 95.5%. Immediate complications were fistula formation(3 cases), total flap loss (4 cases) or partial flap loss(3 cases) and donor site problems(10 cases). Superior thyrodial artery was the most commonly used recipient artery(89 cases) which was followed by facial artery, lingual artery and transverse cervical artery. Size discrepancy was not remarkable between the donor and recipient arteries. However, there was usually a marked size discrepancy between donor and recipient veins. More than two venous anastomoses were performed to increase the success rate of the flap surgery. An average follow-up period was 38 months ranging from 3 months to 6 years. There was no patient who died during or right after the operations, but 23 patients died due to recurrence of tumors or underlying heart disease during the follow-up period. Remaining patients lived well excluding 6 late postoperative complications such as 4 cases of esophageal stenosis and 2 cases of osteoradionecrosis. We conclude that free flap reconstruction after head and neck cancer ablation improves the quality of life and minimizes the loss of function.
Arm
;
Arteries
;
Esophageal Stenosis
;
Fistula
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Forearm
;
Free Tissue Flaps*
;
Head and Neck Neoplasms*
;
Head*
;
Heart Diseases
;
Humans
;
Mandibular Reconstruction
;
Myocutaneous Flap
;
Neck
;
Osteoradionecrosis
;
Postoperative Complications
;
Quality of Life
;
Rectus Abdominis
;
Recurrence
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Superficial Back Muscles
;
Survival Rate
;
Tissue Donors
;
Veins
6.Clinical Results of Bipolar Endoprosthesis
Key Yong KIM ; Hyung Ku YOON ; Duk Yun CHO ; Jae Gon SEO ; Byung Yong YU
The Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association 1985;20(2):291-298
In 1974, bipolar endoprosthesis was first introduced by Bateman & Giliberty. It has theoretical advantages including minimizing acetabular wear, possible reduction of incidence of stem loosening, lessening of dislocation and easy revision procedure. Various methods for the treatment of fracture of the femur neck have been developed & performed, but it is still called “the unsolved fracture” in certain situation. But the role of it as primary treatment of fracture of the femur neck continues to be controversial. Current clinical results encourage its continued use and expansion of indication. Authors reviewed and analysed 21 cases of bicentric endoprosthesis and 1 case of Giliberty endoprosthesis those have been operated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Medical Center from 1981 to 1983. Following results were obtained, l. According to disorder distribution, 14 cases were neglected fracture of femur neck, 2 old fracture, 1 idiopathic femoral head necrosis and 2 avascular necrosis & 1 non-union complicated by femoral neck fracture. 2. Among 20 cases, 8 cases were operated within 1/2 1 month after injury and 6 cases within 1 3months 3. Harris lateral appmach was used in 16 cases (80%) and Modified Gibson approach in 4 cases (20%). There were no significant differences in morbidity during operation and postoperative complication. 4. We used femoral stems those head diameter was 22 and 32mm(Charnley & Miiller type) and head pieces those diameter was 48-51 mm in male and 44–48 mm in Ifemale. 5. 3 cases were stiff in inner bearing without acetabular erosion. 6. In 6 cases more than 2 years followup 1 degree CE angle of Wiberg was increased in 2 cases of youngage respectively without associated hip joint pain. 7. Although inclination of head piece was vertical in 8 cases, fracture and dislocation were not found. 8. The circumference of head piece and opposite femoral head was measured and compared. There were 12 cases (mean 12.6 mm) that of head piece larger than opposite femoral head and 3 cases smaller than opposite femoral head. 9. There was 4 cases of complication (3 patients) and still no reoperation and revision converted to T.H.R. 10. With regard to average 18 months of follow-up, 7 cases of 81–90 Harris hip-rating score, 6 of 91–100, 4 of 71–80 and 3 of 61–70.
Acetabulum
;
Dislocations
;
Femoral Neck Fractures
;
Femur
;
Femur Neck
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Head
;
Hip Joint
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Male
;
Neck
;
Necrosis
;
Postoperative Complications
;
Reoperation
7.Two Cases of Congenital Chylothorax Diagnosed by Prenatal Ultrasonography.
Kyung Hyun CHUNG ; Wan CHO ; Man Yong HAN ; Bo Kyung KIM ; Kyu Hyung LEE
Korean Journal of Perinatology 1999;10(4):512-517
Congenital chylothorax is a rare disorder and can be diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography recently. Most cases of congenital chylothorax were characterized by different clinical courses of respiratory distress. We describe two female cases with congenital chylothorax observed by ultra- sonography prenatally. In the first case, left-sided pleural effusion was noted by prenatal ultrasonography taken at 34 weeks of gestation, and then pleural fluid was extracted by intrauterine thoracentesis under sonography guidance. After birth, this patient was managed by TPN(total parentral nutrition) and intermittent thoracentesis without surgical treatment. But, pleural fluid was accumulated recurrently and respiratory distress was aggravated. At 15th hospital day, shock state was developed and patient died. In the second case, bilateral pleural effusion and ascites were noted by prenatal ultrasonography, and then patient was delivered immediately without intrauterine thoracentesis. After birth, the second case received conservative therapy including mechanical ventilation, TPN, intermittent thoracentesis and paracentesis. The patient was discharged with complete regression of chylothorax. We report the two cases with brief review of related literatures.
Ascites
;
Chylothorax*
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Paracentesis
;
Parturition
;
Pleural Effusion
;
Pregnancy
;
Respiration, Artificial
;
Shock
;
Ultrasonography, Prenatal*
8.Spinal Fusion with B.O.P.(Biocompatible Osteoconductive Polymer).
Young Soo KIM ; Yong Eun CHO ; Hyung Chun PARK ; Seong Hoon OH ; Doh Heum YOON
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 1990;19(10-12):1294-1302
Spinal fusion has performed for instability and anatomical reconstruction since 1985 by Barthe. Bone grafts and synthetic materials has been used for spinal fusion, but they have several limitations and complications. Recently a new synthetic polymer B.O.P.(Biocompatible Osteoconductive Polymer) was developed and it overcome the limitations of other materials. The B.O.P. showed no foreign body reaction and gave scaffolding for the osteoconduction and osteointegration. Authors operated 35 cases of spinal fusion with B.O.P. and the results and literature reviews were discussed.
Bone Regeneration
;
Bone Substitutes
;
Foreign-Body Reaction
;
Polymers
;
Spinal Fusion*
;
Transplants
9.Cervical Anterior Interbody Fusion with B.O.P(Biocompatible Osteoconductive Polymer).
Young Soo KIM ; Yong Eun CHO ; Hyung Chun PARK ; Seong Hoon OH ; Doh Heum YOON
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 1990;19(10-12):1286-1293
Anterior interbody fusion has used for instability and anatomical reconstruction in various cervical diseases since 1958 by cloward. Bone grafts such as autograft, allograft, xenograft and synthetic materials were utilized in fusion as a graft material. But conventional fusion materials have problems including postoperative morbidity, transmission of diseases, foreign body reaction, collapse, prolongation of operation time. A new synthetic material, Biocompatible Osteoconductive Polymer(B.O.P) is developed and it was useful for cervical anterior interbody fusion as a substitute for other fusion materials.
Allografts
;
Autografts
;
Foreign-Body Reaction
;
Heterografts
;
Transplants
10.A Case of Early Gastric Cancer in Childhood.
Yong Woon SHIN ; Tae Byung PARK ; Kee Hyung LEE ; Chul Ho CHO ; Juhn Mi KIM
Korean Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 1992;12(2):259-261
The incidence of gastric cancer is high in old age group and low in young age group, extremely rare in child age. So the diagnosis of gastric cancer in young age is often delayed, and this, with other factors such as poorly differentiated histopathologic tendency and rapid growing nature, makes the prognosis poorer than in other age guoup. Therefore it should always be remembered that the young who has gastric symptom may have malignancy in his stomach in spite of the age. We report a case of early gastric cancer in a 16-years old male with the review of the literature.
Adolescent
;
Child
;
Diagnosis
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Male
;
Prognosis
;
Stomach
;
Stomach Neoplasms*