PURPOSE: To understand awareness, attitude and knowledge levels of muscle health of adults over 18 years old. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study using questionnaires. A total of 401 questionnaires were included for final analysis. Mean and standard deviation of the continuous variables were analyzed and frequency analysis of categorical variables was performed. To identify differences according to general characteristics, t-test was used. RESULTS: Awareness scores about the importance of muscle health and exercises were 8.3 and 13.0, respectively. Attitude score and knowledge score were 12.4 and 15.0, respectively. There were differences in attitude toward muscle health according to gender, age, physical activity, and diet habits. However, there was no difference in attitude toward muscle health according to educational level, smoking, drinking, or sleeping. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to seek a strategy to improve awareness and attitude toward muscle health based on knowledge, not merely to raise knowledge level about muscle health. Since nurses play a central role in health promotion and disease prevention, they should also play an important role in strategic development and application of intervention.
Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drinking ; Exercise ; Food Habits ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Muscles ; Smoke ; Smoking

It is widely believed that, compared with younger patients, elderly having surgery have a significantly high incidence of complications or death. So, we reviewed clinical records of 2094 patients aged over 65 out of 41,129 surgical cases performed at Catholic University Kang-Nam St. Mary Hospital from May 1980 to December 1989. The case were analysed statistically according to age, sex, department, preoperative physical status, operation site, anesthetic techniques and agents, duration of anesthesia, intraoperative transfusion, intraoperative complication, asaociated disease, postoperative complication and mor- tality. The results were as follows: 1) Of the total 41, 129 cases, 2,094 cases (5.1%) were over 65 years of age consisting of 1,039 male (49.6%) and 1,055 female (50.4%). 2) The most common age group for geriatric anesthesia (1, 164 cases) was 65~70 years of age (55.6%). 3) The rate of elective and emergency surgery was 90.2% (1,889 cases) and 9.8% (205 caaes). 4) Among the 2,094 cases, 1.029 cases were general surgry (49.1%), 373 cases were orthopedic surgery (20.7%) 5) The number of upper abdominal surgery cases were 643 cases (30.7%) and the number of lower abdominal surgery cases 433 cases (20. 7%). 6) The duration of anesthesia was within 1 hour in 286 case (13.1%), 1~2 hours in 755 cases (36.1%), 2~3 hours in 516 cases (24.6%). 7) The technique of anesthesia was done under the general anesthesia for 1,445 cases (69.0%) and epidural anesthesia for 433 cases (20.7%). 8) The anesthetics were halothane for 631 cases (30.1%), enflurane for 435 cases (20.8%) and fentanyl for 364 eases (17.8%), lidocaine and bupivacaine mixture for 254 cases (12.1%). 9) Among the 2.094 cases, 1,471 cases had preoperative disease (70.3%), which of the most common disease (24.1%) was the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (545 cases). 10) The numbers of postoperative death were 40 cases (1.9%).
Aged ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Bupivacaine ; Emergencies ; Enflurane ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Halothane ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intraoperative Complications ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Postoperative Complications ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

Pulmonary sequestration is a congenital anomaly of lung in which a portion of lung par-enchyma has no communication with the tracheobronchial tree and receives its blood supply via systemic artery. Sequestration represents a developmental anomaly of tracheobronchial branching with persistence and localized development of a separated branch fragment and retention of its embryonic systemic vascular supply. In the review of the literature, this disease is so rare that only 540 cases were reported worldwide. The anomaly is divided into 2 types; intralobar and extralobar. The ratio of intralobar type and extralobar type is about 3.5 : 1 and intralobar type is more common than the latter in all age groups. The intralobar type is contiguous with normal lung parenchyma and within the same visceral pleural envelope ; in contrast, the extralobar type is enclosed within its own pleural membrane, usually close to a normal lung but separated and discovered most commonly in the left hemithorax with rare cases in the abdominal cavity. Traditionally, this disease has been presented as an incidental lung mass in routine chest X-ray in the postnatal period and with confirmation by aortic angiography, but recently, pulmonary sequestration is diagnosed in the antenatal period along with the development of antenatal ultrasonography. Ultrasonography shows the pulmonary sequestration as a hyperechogenic mass near the diaphragm with posterior echo-free shadow. We have experienced one case of pulmonary sequestration which was found by antenatal ultrasonography and confirmed by operation and histopathologic report in the neonatal period, and we present the case with a brief review of the literatures.
Abdominal Cavity ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Bronchopulmonary Sequestration* ; Diaphragm ; Humans ; Lung ; Membranes ; Thorax ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to understand what kinds of chemical substances have been used annually and to investigate incidents that occurred due to chemical hazard release and to analyze statistically clinically chemical injury patients who visited one regional emergency medical center in Gumi city with documented references review. METHODS: Annual chemical waste emission quantity (Kg/Year) (Cwep) was reproduced using national web site data governed by the Ministry of Environment and 5 years (from 1 .Jan. 2010 to 31. Dec. 2014) of medical records of chemical injury patients who visited our emergency department were reviewed retrospectively. By applying exclusion criteria, 446 patients of 460 patients were selected. RESULTS: Dichloromethane, Toluene, Trichloroethylene, and Xylene were always included within Top 5 of Cweq. Six cases of chemical incidents were reported and in 3 of 6 cases involving Hydrogen fluoride were included during the study period. Male gender and twenties were the most prevalent group. Injury evoking chemicals were Hydrogen fluoride, unknown, complex chemicals (over 2 substances) in sequence. The most frequent site of wounds and injuries was the respiratory tract. Gas among status, intoxication among diagnosis, and discharge among disposition was most numerous in each group. CONCLUSION: There have been no uniform clinical protocols for chemical wounds and injuries due to various kinds of chemicophysical properties and ignorance of antidotes. Therefore conduct of a multicenter cohort study and experiments for ruling out chemicals according to chemicophysical priority as well as development of antidotes and clinical protocols for chemical injury patients is needed.
Antidotes ; Chemical Hazard Release* ; Clinical Protocols ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Hydrofluoric Acid ; Male ; Medical Records ; Methylene Chloride ; Respiratory System ; Retrospective Studies* ; Toluene ; Trichloroethylene ; Wounds and Injuries ; Xylenes

The present study was done to validate the two-site Semmes-Weinstein (SW) monofilament test in identifying patients at risk of lower-extremity complications in clinical setting. The SW monofilament test and nerve conduction study were conducted on type 2 diabetic patients (n=37) at Pusan National University Hospital in Korea. As the duration of diabetes mellitus was longer, neuropathy identified by nerve conduction study and complications of diabetes were more severe (p<0.01). The number of sites unable to perceive SW monofilament (p<0.001) was larger in patients with lower-extremity neuropathy symptoms than those without symptoms. Sensitivity and specificity at two sites (the third and fifth metatarsal head sites) were 93% and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, the two-site SW monofilament test was a sensitive, specific, simple, and inexpensive screening tool for identifying diabetic peripheral neuropathy in clinical setting.
Aged ; Comparative Study ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type II/complications* ; Diabetic Neuropathies/diagnosis* ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neural Conduction ; Neurologic Examination/instrumentation* ; Neurologic Examination/methods ; Pressure ; Sensation Disorders/diagnosis* ; Sensation Disorders/etiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Touch

A 60-year-old man with biliary ascariasis accompanied by choledocholithiasis and biliary pancreatitis, is herein reported. His chief complaints were epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. He had a past history of eating raw fish and vegetables. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed multiple CBD stones and a live ascaris adult worm in the common bile duct which was not detected by an abdominal CT. The management of biliary obstruction caused by Ascaris lumbricoides has usually been surgical, but this report describes the endoscopic removal of the ascaris located in the common bile duct.
Adult ; Ascariasis* ; Ascaris ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Choledocholithiasis* ; Common Bile Duct ; Eating ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Pancreatitis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vegetables ; Vomiting

Skeletogenesis occurs through either intramembranous or endochondral ossification. In addition, some parts of the skeletal components maintain their cartilaginous characteristics throughout life without mineralization. Runx2 is known to be a pivotal transcription factor for all skeletogenic processes. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of two major isoforms of Runx2 in early skeletogenesis. During intramembranous bone formation, Runx2-type I (Runx2-I) was widely expressed in osteoprogenitor cells and active osteoblasts, while Runx2-type II (Runx2-II) expression was stringently restricted to cells lining mineralized bones. Cells in permanent cartilage expressed collagen type II (Col-II) but never expressed Runx2 or Col-X. These permanent cartilages were well circumscribed by Runx2-I positive cells, in which Runx2-II was negative. In endochondral bone formation, Runx2 expression temporarily disappeared in Col-II-positive proliferating chondrocytes, but a secondary surge of Runx2-I expression occurred in the prehypertrophic zone before the mineralization of cartilage. Collectively, both Runx2 isoforms showed very similar expression patterns in active bone forming areas; however, Runx2-I has an exclusive role in the early commitment stage of intramembranous or endochondral bone forming processes or in cells surrounding permanent cartilage.
Animals ; *Bone Development ; Cartilage/cytology/growth & development/metabolism ; Embryo and Fetal Development/genetics ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; In Situ Hybridization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Protein Isoforms/genetics/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism

Primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) is a rare form of extranodal lymphoma, and this accounts for less than 0.5% of all pancreatic tumors. Differentiating PPL from pancreatic adenocarcinoma is important because the prognosis and survival of PPL is much better than those of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Although the treatment usually consists of a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, PPL patient with biliary tract or gastrointestinal obstruction should undergo biliary or gastric bypass to relieve the symptoms. Herein, we describe a case of PPL with acute pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice, and the patient was successfully managed with endoscopic retrograde pancreatic and biliary drainage.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biliary Tract ; Drainage ; Gastric Bypass ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Lymphoma ; Pancreatitis ; Prognosis

Valproic acid is one of the most common antiepileptic drugs used for the treatment of several seizure disorders. A 20-year-old man presented with a sudden decline of consciousness. He had a neurosurgery operation for intracranial and intraventricular hemorrhage. Following surgery, antiepileptic medication was administered to the patient in order to control his seizure events. On valproic acid treatment, he began to complain of fever and dyspnea. His symptoms persisted despite receiving empirical antibiotic treatment. All diagnostic tests for infectious causes were negative. A high-resolution computed tomography scan of the chest revealed predominantly dependent consolidation and ground-glass opacities in both lower lobes. The primary differential was drug associated with interstitial lung disease. Therefore, we discontinued valproic acid treatment and began methylprednisolone treatment. His symptoms and radiologic findings had significantly improved after receiving steroid therapy. We propose that clinicians should be made aware of the potential for valproic acid to induce lung injury.
Anticonvulsants ; Consciousness ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Dyspnea ; Epilepsy* ; Fever ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial* ; Lung Injury ; Methylprednisolone ; Neurosurgery ; Seizures ; Thorax ; Valproic Acid* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: In order to provide useful data for the further clinical studies with Korean alcohol-dependent patients, enrollment and non-relapse rates were investigated while alcohol-dependent patients were followed up for 24 weeks. METHODS: The subjects of this study were alcohol-dependent male patients who, for the first time, visited a hospital among 3 groups of hospitals, University Hospital, General Hospital or Mental Hospital, or those who needed to be followed up after discharge from those hospitals. After assigning 12 subjects to each hospital, we investigated enrollment and non-relapse rates while cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy were provided. RESULTS: 1) Forty-eight patients were enrolled and the rate of enrollment was 36.4%. The enrollment rate in the University Hospital group was 52.1%, in the General Hospital group 50.0%, and in the Mental Hospital group 10.4%. 2) In 48 patients, non-relapse rate was 27.1% at 12 week and 18.8% at 24 weeks after starting follow-up. It was 24.4% and 20.0% at 12 and 24 weeks, repectively, in the University Hospital group while the General Hospital group showed 33.3% and 16.7%, respectively, and the Mental Hospital Group showed 20.0% at both 12 and 24 weeks. CONCLUSION: These results provide important data for further clinical studies of Korean alcohol-dependent patients.
Alcoholism ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Male*