It is known that the personality is the crucial factor in the treatment outcome of depression. The authors tried to identify the results of such studies and various components which determine the treatment outcome of depression. Nearly 60 papers published between the year 1990 and 2000 about the treatment of depression and personality were reviewed. Among them about 30 papers were selected to compere the research methods, results and discussions. The arguments and critics of the papers were discussed. In the many debates, the authors admitted the fact that premorbid personality trait influences the treatment outcome of depression negatively regardless of treatment method. Subtyping of depression is feasible along the presence of good or bad predictors of treatment outcome for depression. Differentiation of depression and personality seems to have no problem, however test of personality state before the development of psychiatric disorder such as depression is not amenable. For example, cluster A personality trait is often misunderstood as depression in clinical setting. In some cases cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in the treatment of depression accompanying personality disorder. The authors insist that the analysis of personality in the dimensional aspect rather than in the categorical aspect gives more information in the research of personality influencing the treatment outcome of depression. In addition, the reason why we understand the relationship between depression and personality were discussed.
Cognitive Therapy ; Depression* ; Personality Disorders ; Treatment Outcome

Between November 1992 and August 1993, 46 patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia were treated with transurethral microwave thermotherapy with PRIMUS U+R. We excluded the patients with absolute indications for transurethral resection of the prostate and median lobe enlargement. Of the inpatients who had acute retention, 13 patients were entered into this study, because they were at greater risk from cardiac disease and they rejected surgery. Of the 33 patients who were able to void at presentation, 11 patients were treated with two sessions because of unsatisfactory improvement of symptom scores or peak flow rate. For analysis we divided the patients into 3 groups based on treatment session and retention, such as group 1 (single session, n=22), group 2 (two sessions, n=11) and group 3 (acute retention, single session, n= 13). Uroflow rates, FDA symptom score and post-void residual volume were measured at 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months. Of 33 patients who had no retention at presentation. 22 patients(67%) had a satisfactory results after one treatment session. The obstructive score, irritative score and peak flow rates improved 60%, 43% and 57%. respectively (all p <0.0001). Of 33 men 11(33%) reported improvement after 2 sessions in symptom scores and post-void residual volume, but there was no statistically significant improvement in peak flow rate. In group 3, 7 patients (54% ) were able to void after treatment. This study demonstrated safety and effectiveness of transurethral microwave thermotherapy.
Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Residual Volume ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate*

BACKGROUND: Superior migration of humeral head has been conventionally determined by measuring the acromiohumeral distance (AHD), We sought to devise a novel measurement system more reliably and accurately than AHD. We described a structural landmark called 'C-line'. In this study, we investigated the clinical usefulness of 'step-off of the C-line (SOC)' compared to that of AHD. METHODS: The C-line formed from the medial margin of the proximal humeral head continuing up to the inferior margin of the articular glenoid and then to the lateral border of the scapula. The superior migration of the humeral head triggered by a rotator cuff tear introduces a discontinuity in this C-line. We measured the distance of this discontinuity. We enrolled 144 patients who underwent a rotator cuff repair. We selected 58 controls who didn't have any cuff lesions apparent on magnetic resonance imaging. Using radiographs derived from standardized true anteroposterior views of the shoulder, we measured the SOC and the AHD. We used t-tests for statistical analyses. RESULTS: A rotator cuff tear was associated with an increase in SOC and a decrease in AHD. In control group, the mean SOC was 1.29 ± 1.71 mm and AHD was 9.71 ± 2.65 mm. In cuff tear group, the mean SOC was 3.15 ± 3.41 mm and AHD was 8.28 ± 1.76 mm. The mean SOCs of the patient group in relation to the mean SOC of the control group according to tear size, the SOCs of medium tear and lager groups showed statistically significant increase (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The SOC may be a similarly effective to diagnose cuff tears of medium size and larger compared with AHD.
Humans ; Humeral Head* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods* ; Rotator Cuff ; Scapula ; Shoulder ; Tears

No abstract available.
Arteries* ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular*

No abstract available.
Osteomyelitis* ; Radionuclide Imaging*

Purpose: To report the short-term clinical outcomes after intrascleral fixation of intraocular lenses (IOLs) using oblique intrascleral tunnels. Methods: We retrospectively studied 17 patients (18 eyes) who underwent flanged intrascleral IOL fixation from October 2019 to October 2021. The patients were divided into those who underwent fixation using horizontal (group A) and oblique (group B) intrascleral tunnels. We compared the best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs), cylindrical powers, refractive errors (the differences between the targeted spherical equivalents [SEs] and postoperative SEs) before and 3 months after surgery, and operating times. Results: At 3 months vs. preoperatively, there were no significant differences in BCVA (-0.83 ± 0.43 vs. -0.48 ± 0.59), refractive error (-0.06 ± 0.97 diopter [D] vs. -0.05 ± 0.80 D), cylindrical power (-0.42 ± 3.81 D vs. -0.33 ± 1.20 D), or operating time (83.33 ± 28.05 minutes [min] vs. 66.33 ± 20.57 min) between groups A and B, respectively. Conclusions In terms of the short-term clinical outcomes after use of horizontal and oblique intrascleral tunnels, we found no significant differences in any parameters studied. However, use of an oblique intrascleral tunnel may shorten the operating time.

BACKGROUND: Drug-induced Parkinsonism(DIP) is the second commonest cause of Parkinsonism, after idiopathic Parkinson's disease(IPD). DIP is frequently produced by antipsychotic drugs. But the clinical characteristics of DIP did not get attention by neurologist. So we studied the clinical profiles of DIP patients. METHODS: We studied the clinical profiles of thirthone patients who showed parkinsonism after antipsychotic drug treatment. We compared the score of motor part of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS) between trihexyphenidyl(n=15) & amantadine(n=16) monotherapy group(initial & 4 week after treatment). RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 45 years. Bradykinesia was the 1st symptom in 26 patients(94%), tremor in 5 patients(6%). In 25 patients(81%), the first symptom appeared within 1 week after sntipsychotic treatment. There was a statistical significant negative correlation between the dosage of antipsychotic drug and the symptom-onset interval following treatment with antipsychotic drugs(simple correlation analysis, p>0.01). Bradykinesia and rigidity were appeared in all DIP patients, symmetric distribution was more common(94%, 87%) Tremor occurred in 27 patients (87%). In patients with tremor, postural or action tremor was dominant in 15 patients(56%) asymmetric distribution was more common(16/27, 59%). There are no statistical difference in motor score of UPDRS between trihexyphenidyl & amantadine monotherapy group(student t-test, p<0.05) CONCLUSIONS: Bradykinesia was the most common 1st symptom in DIP patients. Asymmertrical postural or action tremor was relativelly common in DIP. Amantadine showed the same efficacy in the treatment of DIP compared to anticholinergics.
Amantadine ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Parkinson Disease ; Parkinsonian Disorders* ; Tremor ; Trihexyphenidyl

PURPOSE: We investigated prostate size and its correlation with final pathologic outcomes and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1993 to 2009, 830 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy with follow-up duration of 12 months or more were included in this study. Patients were categorized according to prostate size as follows: group 1, prostate size < or =40 g (n=458), and group 2, prostate size >40 g (n=472). Preoperative parameters and postoperative pathologic outcomes were compared between groups. Multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify the pathologic and clinical factors affecting biochemical recurrence. RESULTS: Patients in group 1 had higher pathologic T stage (pT2a=17.7% vs. 23.9%, pT2b=1.1% vs. 0%, pT2c=40.4% vs. 39.8%, pT3a=29.5% vs. 21.0%, pT3b=10.7% vs. 13.2%, p=0.003) and higher positive surgical margin (40.3% vs. 33.1%, p=0.033) than did patients in group 2. Pathologic Gleason score was not significantly different between the two groups. The 5-year biochemical-recurrence-free survival was 62.3% for patients in group 1 and 73.2% for patients in group 2 (p=0.005). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that prostate size of 40 g or less (hazard ratio [HR], 1.378; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.027 to 1.848; p=0.032), extracapsular extension (HR, 1.592; 95% CI, 1.147 to 2.209; p=0.005), positive surgical margin (HR, 2.348; 95% CI, 1.701 to 3.242; p<0.001), and pathologic Gleason sum (HR, 1.507; 95% CI, 1.292 to 1.758; p<0.001) were independent predictors of biochemical recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Smaller prostate size was associated with increased risk of higher pT stage and positive surgical margin after radical prostatectomy. Also, prostate size less than 40 g was an independent prognostic factor for biochemical recurrence.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prognosis ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: We investigated prostate size and its correlation with final pathologic outcomes and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1993 to 2009, 830 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy with follow-up duration of 12 months or more were included in this study. Patients were categorized according to prostate size as follows: group 1, prostate size < or =40 g (n=458), and group 2, prostate size >40 g (n=472). Preoperative parameters and postoperative pathologic outcomes were compared between groups. Multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify the pathologic and clinical factors affecting biochemical recurrence. RESULTS: Patients in group 1 had higher pathologic T stage (pT2a=17.7% vs. 23.9%, pT2b=1.1% vs. 0%, pT2c=40.4% vs. 39.8%, pT3a=29.5% vs. 21.0%, pT3b=10.7% vs. 13.2%, p=0.003) and higher positive surgical margin (40.3% vs. 33.1%, p=0.033) than did patients in group 2. Pathologic Gleason score was not significantly different between the two groups. The 5-year biochemical-recurrence-free survival was 62.3% for patients in group 1 and 73.2% for patients in group 2 (p=0.005). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that prostate size of 40 g or less (hazard ratio [HR], 1.378; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.027 to 1.848; p=0.032), extracapsular extension (HR, 1.592; 95% CI, 1.147 to 2.209; p=0.005), positive surgical margin (HR, 2.348; 95% CI, 1.701 to 3.242; p<0.001), and pathologic Gleason sum (HR, 1.507; 95% CI, 1.292 to 1.758; p<0.001) were independent predictors of biochemical recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Smaller prostate size was associated with increased risk of higher pT stage and positive surgical margin after radical prostatectomy. Also, prostate size less than 40 g was an independent prognostic factor for biochemical recurrence.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prognosis ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: We performed laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) partial nephrectomy in a porcine model with the objectives of overcoming the technical challenges of this surgery and exploring its feasibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six partial nephrectomies were performed on a pig aged 5 months, three cases on each kidney, by four surgeons: two urologists with much experience in laparoscopic surgery (E1, E2) and two less-experienced urologists (B1, B2). While under general anesthesia, the swine was placed in a lateral flank position. Umbilical placement of an Octoport was done with a 2.5 cm incision. After dissection of the renal hilum and Gerota's fascia, a bulldog clamp was applied on the renal artery and parenchymal resection was done. Renorrhaphy was then performed with interrupted sutures with the use of a sliding knot technique. RESULTS: All six partial nephrectomies were performed successfully after repair of the vascular and collecting system at the resection margin and renorrhaphy without the need to introduce any additional ports. There were no noticeable intra- or postoperative complications. The mean warm ischemic time was 42 minutes (range, 30-60 minutes). The shortest warm ischemic time, 30 minutes, was achieved by using the early unclamping technique during renorrhaphy. The longest warm ischemic time was 60 minutes. The average number of renorrhaphy stitches was 3.2 (range, 2-5). CONCLUSIONS: LESS partial nephrectomy was successfully performed in a porcine model but resulted in a longer ischemic time than that of conventional laparoscopic surgeries. Therefore, further laboratory disciplinary efforts are needed to decrease the warm ischemic time and to improve this surgical technique.
Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Fascia ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Laparoscopy ; Nephrectomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Renal Artery ; Sutures ; Swine ; Warm Ischemia