No abstract available.
Humans ; Korean War* ; MMPI* ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* ; Veterans*

It is known that the personality is the crucial factor in the treatment outcome of depression. The authors tried to identify the results of such studies and various components which determine the treatment outcome of depression. Nearly 60 papers published between the year 1990 and 2000 about the treatment of depression and personality were reviewed. Among them about 30 papers were selected to compere the research methods, results and discussions. The arguments and critics of the papers were discussed. In the many debates, the authors admitted the fact that premorbid personality trait influences the treatment outcome of depression negatively regardless of treatment method. Subtyping of depression is feasible along the presence of good or bad predictors of treatment outcome for depression. Differentiation of depression and personality seems to have no problem, however test of personality state before the development of psychiatric disorder such as depression is not amenable. For example, cluster A personality trait is often misunderstood as depression in clinical setting. In some cases cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in the treatment of depression accompanying personality disorder. The authors insist that the analysis of personality in the dimensional aspect rather than in the categorical aspect gives more information in the research of personality influencing the treatment outcome of depression. In addition, the reason why we understand the relationship between depression and personality were discussed.
Cognitive Therapy ; Depression* ; Personality Disorders ; Treatment Outcome

Intraperitoneal bleeding caused by ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a serious obstetrical emergency requiring accurate and prompt diagnosis and treatment to save the life. The plain X-ray of the abdomen is simple andnoninvasive method but a review of literature failed to disclose any previous systematic investigations andanalysis of plain x-ray findings of ruptured ectopic pregnancies except well known sign of free fluid ofperitoneal cavity which is obviously nonspecific, the present study has been undertaken to make a criticalanalysis of the plain abdonimal findings of ruptured ectopic pregnancies. In addition, plain chest film wereevaluated to aid the diagnosis of hemorrhagic nature of peritoneal fluid. The materials consisted of 64 cases ofsurgically proven ruptured ectopic pregnancies seen at St. Mary's Hospital and Holy Family Hospital, Catholic Medical college, during the period of Jan. 1979 through Dec. 1980. The results of the study are as follows; 1.Intraperitoeal fluid smaller in amount than 1 liter appeared as comb-like, new-moon, half-moon and full-moondensities in the minor pelvis. As the amount exceeds 1 liter, widening of paracolic gutter and obliteration of thehepatic angle occurred. 2. Indentation and displacement of the bladder and rectum were present in 29 cases (45%).3. Local ileus of considerable intensity occurred in LLQ and RUQ in 35%. Remakable gaseous distension of sigmoidcolon were noted in 30%. 4. Blurring of psoas muscle shadow took place in 33% and scoliosis in 11%. The curvature of lumbar scoliosis was directed away from the ruptured site of pregnance in the majority. 5. In the chest x-ray,the diameter of basal pulmonary artery appeared significantly reduced in acute group. On the other hand, thecardiothoracic ratio became slightly increased in non-acute group. These pulmonary arterial change and cardiomegaly seem to reflect acute and subacute blood loss, respectively.
Abdomen ; Ascitic Fluid ; Cardiomegaly ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Hand ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ileus ; Methods ; Pelvis ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Psoas Muscles ; Pulmonary Artery ; Rectum ; Scoliosis ; Thorax ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Barium* ; Enema* ; Intussusception*

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Female ; Humans

Between November 1992 and August 1993, 46 patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia were treated with transurethral microwave thermotherapy with PRIMUS U+R. We excluded the patients with absolute indications for transurethral resection of the prostate and median lobe enlargement. Of the inpatients who had acute retention, 13 patients were entered into this study, because they were at greater risk from cardiac disease and they rejected surgery. Of the 33 patients who were able to void at presentation, 11 patients were treated with two sessions because of unsatisfactory improvement of symptom scores or peak flow rate. For analysis we divided the patients into 3 groups based on treatment session and retention, such as group 1 (single session, n=22), group 2 (two sessions, n=11) and group 3 (acute retention, single session, n= 13). Uroflow rates, FDA symptom score and post-void residual volume were measured at 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months. Of 33 patients who had no retention at presentation. 22 patients(67%) had a satisfactory results after one treatment session. The obstructive score, irritative score and peak flow rates improved 60%, 43% and 57%. respectively (all p <0.0001). Of 33 men 11(33%) reported improvement after 2 sessions in symptom scores and post-void residual volume, but there was no statistically significant improvement in peak flow rate. In group 3, 7 patients (54% ) were able to void after treatment. This study demonstrated safety and effectiveness of transurethral microwave thermotherapy.
Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Residual Volume ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate*

To investigate effects of cytokines on rheumatoid synovial cells, proliferation and expression of cytokine and metalloproteinase genes were studied with the primary culture of rheumatoid synovial cells which was treated with TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, TGF-alpha, PDGF and IL-B. By [3H] thymidine incorporation assay, TGF-beta and PDGF increased proliferation of synovial cells by 1.5 and 2.5 folds respectively. Cytokine gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Rheumatoid synovial cells expressed constitutively TGF-beta and IL-B at a high level and IL-1B, GM-CSF, and MIP-1a at a relatively low level. TGF-beta, GM-CSF and PDGF increased IL-B expression. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was increased by GM-CSF and PDGF. Both GM-CSF and PDGF increased the expression of IL-1B, GM-CSF MIP-la and IL-8. In addition, GM-CSF enhanced expression of TNF-alpha. Stromelysin and collagenase are the major proteinases responsible for destruction ot joints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These genes were expressed constitutivefy in rheumatoid synovial cells. In summary, PDGF and GM-CSF may piay an important role by inducing or increasing expression of IL-1B, TGF-beta and PDGF by increasing proliferation of rheumatoid synovial cells.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the functional and radiologic outcomes of additive augmentation sutures through rotator cuff for proximal humeral fractures stabilized locking plate in elderly patients. METHODS: We enrolled 74 patients over the age of 60 years who received internal fixation using locking plates for proximal humeral fractures. Of these, 50 patients had additive augmentation sutures through rotator cuff. The mean age at the time of surgery was 72.1 years (range, 60-89 years), and the mean follow-up period was 17.5 months (range, 12-62 months). The humeral neck-shaft angle and humeral head height were used as radiological markers to assess the effect of additive augmentation sutures through rotator cuff. We allocated the patients who received additive augmentation sutures into group A and those who did not into group B. RESULTS: At the final follow-up, the mean Korean Showlder Society score and Constant scores were 88.96 +/- 12.1 and 86.6 +/- 11.9, respectively, in group A and 86.21 +/- 11.8 and 85.3 +/- 11.7, respectively, in group B (p=0.368, 0.271). At the final follow-up, the mean loss in humeral neck-shaft angle from the time of immediate postoperative measurement was 1.6degrees in group A and 4.8degrees in group B, whereas the mean loss in humeral head height was 0.82 mm in group A and 0.52 mm in group B (p=0.029, 0.178). CONCLUSIONS: The surgical outcomes of internal fixation using locking plates for proximal humeral fractures were clinically and radiologically good in elderly patients over the age of 60 years without any observable complications. Further, the loss of humeral head shaft angle at the final follow-up from its initial postoperative measurement was significantly smaller in patients who received an additive augmentation suture than in those who did not. Thus, we conclude that augmentation sutures are a beneficial option for elderly patients that clinicians can consider at the time of surgical decision making.
Aged* ; Decision Making ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humeral Head ; Rotator Cuff ; Shoulder Fractures* ; Sutures*

No abstract available.
Endometriosis* ; Female

No abstract available.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Rats*