No abstract available.
Barium* ; Enema* ; Intussusception*

To investigate effects of cytokines on rheumatoid synovial cells, proliferation and expression of cytokine and metalloproteinase genes were studied with the primary culture of rheumatoid synovial cells which was treated with TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, TGF-alpha, PDGF and IL-B. By [3H] thymidine incorporation assay, TGF-beta and PDGF increased proliferation of synovial cells by 1.5 and 2.5 folds respectively. Cytokine gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Rheumatoid synovial cells expressed constitutively TGF-beta and IL-B at a high level and IL-1B, GM-CSF, and MIP-1a at a relatively low level. TGF-beta, GM-CSF and PDGF increased IL-B expression. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was increased by GM-CSF and PDGF. Both GM-CSF and PDGF increased the expression of IL-1B, GM-CSF MIP-la and IL-8. In addition, GM-CSF enhanced expression of TNF-alpha. Stromelysin and collagenase are the major proteinases responsible for destruction ot joints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These genes were expressed constitutivefy in rheumatoid synovial cells. In summary, PDGF and GM-CSF may piay an important role by inducing or increasing expression of IL-1B, TGF-beta and PDGF by increasing proliferation of rheumatoid synovial cells.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

No abstract available.
Arteries* ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular*

BACKGROUND: Superior migration of humeral head has been conventionally determined by measuring the acromiohumeral distance (AHD), We sought to devise a novel measurement system more reliably and accurately than AHD. We described a structural landmark called 'C-line'. In this study, we investigated the clinical usefulness of 'step-off of the C-line (SOC)' compared to that of AHD. METHODS: The C-line formed from the medial margin of the proximal humeral head continuing up to the inferior margin of the articular glenoid and then to the lateral border of the scapula. The superior migration of the humeral head triggered by a rotator cuff tear introduces a discontinuity in this C-line. We measured the distance of this discontinuity. We enrolled 144 patients who underwent a rotator cuff repair. We selected 58 controls who didn't have any cuff lesions apparent on magnetic resonance imaging. Using radiographs derived from standardized true anteroposterior views of the shoulder, we measured the SOC and the AHD. We used t-tests for statistical analyses. RESULTS: A rotator cuff tear was associated with an increase in SOC and a decrease in AHD. In control group, the mean SOC was 1.29 ± 1.71 mm and AHD was 9.71 ± 2.65 mm. In cuff tear group, the mean SOC was 3.15 ± 3.41 mm and AHD was 8.28 ± 1.76 mm. The mean SOCs of the patient group in relation to the mean SOC of the control group according to tear size, the SOCs of medium tear and lager groups showed statistically significant increase (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The SOC may be a similarly effective to diagnose cuff tears of medium size and larger compared with AHD.
Humans ; Humeral Head* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods* ; Rotator Cuff ; Scapula ; Shoulder ; Tears

No abstract available.
Pityriasis Lichenoides* ; Pityriasis*

No abstract available.
Pityriasis Lichenoides* ; Pityriasis*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Heart* ; Humans

This retrospective study comprised of 141 patients with zygoma fracture caused by various types of accidents and treated in the department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital during past 10 years from April, 1986 to March, 1996. The medical records of these 141 patients were reviewed and analysed retrospectively in order to obtain the annual variation of clinical pattern of zygomatic bone fracture and to help understand change of therapeutic tendency during 10 years in our hospital. The statistical items were the age, sex, distribution of cause, fracture sites, diagnostic method, the accompanied facial bone injury, intervals between onset of accident and time of operation, and the approach methods with fixation materials. The following results were obtained. 1. Mean age of patients was 33.6 years, and age range was 3 to 75 years. Most injuries occurred in young male with the highest incidence in the third decade of life. Male predominated more than female in the ratio of 4:1. Annual variation was not observed. 2. Traffic accident(47.5%) was the most common cause of injuries and incidence has been increased since 1993. Relative incidence of assault has been increased since 1994. Otherwise, incidence of industrial accident has been decreased since 1993. 3. The most common anatomical site of the zygomatic bone fracture was group III type fracture(44%) in Knight and North Classification. According to Larsen and Thomsen classification, type B(predicted unstable fracture : 68.1%) was the most common. Annual variation was not observed. 4. Associated facial bone fractures were mainly maxillary fracture followed by nasal, panfacial and blow-out(in odder of frequency). And head injury was the most common non-maxiilofacial bone injury accompanying zygomatic bone fracture. Annual variation was not observed. 5. The most prevalent time interval between onset and surgical intervention was within seven days and the most prevalent time interval between surgical intervention and discharge was within 2-3 weeks. 6. Open reduction was used for 75.1% of total cases. The most common reduction approach incision of the zygomatic bone fracture was bicoronal approach in conjunction with subciliary incision that had been mainly used since 1991 and the most common fixation material used was microplate and screw that had been used since 1989.
Accidents, Occupational ; Busan ; Classification ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Facial Bones ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Maxillary Fractures ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Zygoma

The authors report a case of a 45-year-old man who developed stupor and hyperammonemia during pharmacological therapy with valproate for bipolar affective disorder. He was found to have a significantly elevated ammonia level (>400 microgram/dl) without any signs of hepatic insufficiency such as hepatic failure. The patient showed severely increased serum ammonia level, but the serum valproate level was within the therapeutic range. And he didn't use any other mood stabilizer and have any risk factors for hyperammonemia such as hepatic dysfunction and metabolic abnormality. The authors conclude that the mental change and hyperammonemia in this case are attributable to valproate medication. The authors also reviewed current literatures on hyperammonemia caused by valproate therapy and treatment with carnitine. Clinicians should be cautious about the potential risk for hyperammonemic encephalopathy caused by valproate medication, and patients who are treated with valproate need to be monitored for blood level of ammonia, especially in the case which shows characteristic mental and/or behavioral change.
Ammonia ; Carnitine ; Hepatic Insufficiency ; Humans ; Hyperammonemia ; Liver Failure ; Middle Aged ; Mood Disorders ; Risk Factors ; Stupor ; Valproic Acid

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Hemangioma*