Although there have been a few reports of cases in which cancer cells of extrauterine origin were observed in vaginal smears, such findings are relatively uncommon. We recently experienced a case of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma diagnosed by cervicovaginal smear in a 56-year-old woman in routine work-up of carcinoma peritonei. The cellular features were several scattered cellular clusters of adenocarcinoma cells in clear background without tumor diathesis. Psammoma body was not present. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma with multiple metastases.
Adenocarcinoma ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; Diagnosis ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Laparotomy ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Thyroid Gland ; Vaginal Smears

During the period of 9.5 years from September, 1985 to March, 1995, 32 cases with spontaneous closure in simple ventricular septal defect(VSD) were observed and evaluated at Yeungnam University Hospital, and those were confirmed by 2D-echocardiogram. The results were as follows: 1. Among these 32 cases, there were 23 cases(71.9%) of perimembranous VSD, 8 cases(25.0%) of muscular VSD and 1 case(3.1%) of subarterial VSD. Septal aneurysms appears to be main mechanism of spontaneous closure of VSD because of the presence of septal aneurysm in all cases with spontaneous ',;losure of a perimembranous VSD. 2. The size of the defect was variable in diameter, but 27 cases(81.2%) were less than 5 mm. 3. The mean age was 12.1 months at spontaneous closure with the range from 1 month old to 72 months. 4. The mean weight was 9.0 kg at spontaneous closure. 5.--Among these 32 cases, 3 cases had the clinical evidence of cardimegaly or congestive hert -failure during infancy. 6. Male to female sex ratio was 1.5:1
Aneurysm ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Ratio

In Korea, owing to effective vaccination, occurences of poliomyelitis begen to decrease rapidly from 1964 and in recent years less than 10 cases of acute infection are being reported annually. However, patients crippled with poliomyeltis residua, mainly the legacy of the many epidemics of 1950s, and early 1960s, are many and pose a social and national problem as well as a personal and family ordeal. We reviewed 536 patients with residual poliomyelitis admitted and treated at Seoul National University Hospital during the past 18 years, from 1963 to 1980 They were divided into four chronological groups; the first, 1993 to 1968, the second 1968 to 1973, the third, 1974 to 1977, and the fourth, 1978 to 1980, In each group, based on in-patient records, and out-patient records, epidemology, deformities, and treatment were extensively reviewed. The followings are the outcome of this investigation 1. The male-to-female ratio was 53.7%: 46.3%, The male majority, distinct in the first group with 63. 7%, became less conspicuos in the fouth group with 50. 3%. 2. Average age oe admission, which was 10. 7 years in the first group, had increased decidedly to 17. 8 years in the fourth group. 3. The age of onset was most frequent between 1 to 2 years with 45.8% and next frequent between 7 to 12 months with 23. 5%. The ages below 5 years occupied 97. 6% of the cases. 4. The year of onset was most frequent from 1961 to 1963 with 28.7%. The incidence markedly and steadily decreased thereafter. 5. 94. 5% of the cases were unvaccinated. The remaining cases, except one, had had incomplete vaccination. 6. Fever, with 74. 0% was by far the most frequent initial symptom. Vomiting and diarrhea were the next frequent symptoms. 7. Of the 60% of the patients who had had any previous treatment, 25. 9% had operations and 20. 4% had braces and crutches. 8. Average number of admissions per patient were 1. 7 and average number of operations were l. 9. Average length of hospitalization was 39. 2 days. 9. 23. 6% of the patents had hip deformities, of which flexion defermity was most frequent with 4. 7%. Soutter fasciotomy or Campbell operation was employed in order to correct flexion deformity. In the earlier groups, Mustard operation, Sharrard operation, Ober-Barr operation, and pem-berton osteotmy were commonly practiced, whereas in the later groups, Thomas-Thompson-Straub operation, combined Thomas-Thompson-Straub and Ober-Barr operation, Salter osteotomy, Chiari osteotomy, Steel osteotomy were favored. 10. 45.2% of the patients had knee and leg deformities, of which flexion deformit; was most frequent with 14.5%. Flexion-valgus-external rotation deformity and flexion-valgus deformity with 4.6% and 4.5%, respectively, followed next. 11. 83. 9% of the patients had foot and toe deformities, of which equinovarus deformity occupied 6. 5% equinovalgus deformity 6.8%, and clawing of great toe 25. 2%. Triple arthodesis was done most frequently with 45. 9% of the cases, or 282 feet. Jone's operation or its modification, Tendo Achilles lengthening, plantar fasciotomy, and Peroneal tendon transfer were also frequntly performed. 12. There was leg length inequality in 90%. of the cases, Epiphysiodesis and femoral shortening were carried out, except for 4 cases of stapling in the earliest group, and femoral lengthening was done in 3 cases. 13. Spineal deformity was found in 19.7 % Of the cases, of which scoliosis was most freqent with 11. 5%. 7% of the cases had pelevic obliquity. Lumbodorsal fasciotomy, and postrior spinal fusion with Harrington instrument were carried out in order to ameliorate these deformities. 14. Deformities in the upper extremity were found in 3.6% of the patients. Procedures carried out inclulded shoulder fusion, Saha's operation, Steindler's flexorplasty, sternocleidomastold transfer, wrist fusion and opponensplasty, etc. 15. Generally, there was marked improvement of disability after treatment. The patients having moder.ate to severe limping decreased from 41.3%, preoperatively, to 25% after operation.
Age of Onset ; Animals ; Arterial Switch Operation ; Braces ; Clubfoot ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Crutches ; Diarrhea ; Fever ; Foot ; Hip ; Hoof and Claw ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Korea ; Leg ; Leg Length Inequality ; Male ; Osteotomy ; Outpatients ; Poliomyelitis ; Scoliosis ; Seoul ; Shoulder ; Spinal Fusion ; Steel ; Tendon Transfer ; Toes ; Upper Extremity ; Vaccination ; Vomiting ; Wrist

Congenital pseudarthroses and non-unions have been recognized as some of the most challenging problems in orthopaedic surgery. with a standard surgical procedure, such as bone grafting, nailing, plating or a combination of these, it was frequently failed to unit. After repeated surgical failures, amputation has been the main course. With the advent of an electrical control of osteogenesis, however, this dismal outlook is brightening. The earliest report of the use of electrical energy to directly stimulate bone healing seems to be in 19th century, but it was not reliable. In this century, the electrical properties of bone were first described by Yasuda et al in 1953. After then, several investigators have shown that the application of small amounts of the electrical current to bone stimulates osteogenesis at the site of the cathode. Clinical trials using various froms in the treatment of delayed union, non-union, and congenital-pseudarthrosis began early in the 1970's. Constant direct current, pulsed current, and electromagnetically induced current have all been used clinically to heal bone defects with varying degrees of success. But, to-this date it is unknown what is the mechanism of stimulating bone healiag with electricity, and which from of electricity is most efficient in stimulating osteogenesis. We have experienced direct current stimulation to promote osteogenesis in 9 cases of non-union and 4 cases of congenital pseudarthses of the tibia from august, 1978 to december, 1980. Of 9 non-unions, 7 (77.8%) achieved solid bony union. We had obtained bony union in 4cases of non-union only with the electrical stimulation. In 4 cases of congenital pseudarthses of the tibia, all cases achieved solid bony union with the electrical stimulation and bone graft, but in 3 cases, refractures were occurred. At this moment, our conclusions from this study are as followa. I. Direct current stimulation is one of the reliable methods inducing ostengenesis. 2. Regular follows-up and determination of the stimulator integrity are essential steps in the electrical stimulation. 3. Combined treatment with the electrical stimulation and bone graft have markedly improved the success rate. 4. In direct current stimulation of congenital pseudarthsis, the mechanically sound bony alignment, massive bone graft and protection using long leg brace seem to be mandatory procedures.
Amputation ; Bone Transplantation ; Braces ; Electric Stimulation ; Electricity ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Leg ; Magnets ; Osteogenesis ; Pseudarthrosis ; Research Personnel ; Tibia ; Transplants

Fixed pelvic obliquity refers to a composite deformity induced by contractures both above and below the pelvis and the elements of this deformity are frequently interrelated during the period of growth. From the functional standpoint, leg length discrepancy is caused by deformities of the pelvis and lower extremities, such as pelvic obliquity and acetabular dysplasia, as well as by inequality of true limb bone length, and these deformities either aggravate or compensate functional discrepancy. During fhe fourteen years period, from August 1968 to August 1982, at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, we treated 35 cases of fixed pelvic obliquity and acetabular dysplasia associated with true or functional limb length discrepancy by means of lumbodorsal fasciotomy or pelvic osteotomies such as Salters innominate osteotomy or Steels triple osteotomy, combined, if necessary, with contralateral abductor fasciotomy to gain functional limb length as well as to improve posture and balance. In many cases of residual poliomyelitis, epiphysiodesis was also performed when indicated. These cases were reviewed and following observations were made: 1. Of the 35 cases, residual poliomyelitis with 29 cases (83%) was by far the main cause of leg length discrepancy. Cerebral palsy (2cases), Legg-Perthes disease (2 cases), and fibrous ankylosis secondary to septic hip (2 cases) comprised the remainder. 2. The male-to-female ratio was about equal, being 17 to 18. 3. The average age at the time of operation was 17.9 years, the youngest being 7 years and the oldest being 30 years. The average age at the time of current follow-up was 18.8 years. 67% of those followed was skeletally mature. 4. An average of 1.35cm of bone length was gained radiographically by pelvic osteotomies. Steels triple osteotomy was more effective in gain than Salters innominate osteotomy. 5. An average of 2.43cm of functional length when standing was gained radiographically by lumbodorsal fasciotomy alone. 6. An average of 2.61cm of functional length when standing was gained radiographically by lumbodorsal fasciotomy and combined contralateral Soutters or Campbells fasciotomy. 7. An average of 3.57cm of functional length when standing was gained radiographically by lumbodorsal fasciotomy and combined ipsilateral Steel's triple osteotomy. 8. An average of 1.73cm of functional lengthening when standing was corrected radiographically by ipsilateral Soutter's fasciotomy. 9. When lumbodorsal fasciotomy and Steel's triple osteotomy were combined with contralateral Soutter's or Campbell's fasciotomy, the average radiographic gain in standing length was 3.77cm. 10. Leg length discrepancy in terms of true bone length is conventionally corrected either by epiphysiodesis or bone shortening on the longer limb, or by bone lengthening on the shorter limb. We believe that when leg length discrepancy is associated with fixed pelvic obliquity, frequently aggravating the disability functionally, lumbodorsal fasciotomy and/or pelvic osteotomies on the shorter side and, combined if necessary, Soutters or Campbells fasciotomy on the longer side, can, in many instances, successfully correct or reduce functional limb discrepancy and improve balance, posture and function. Any residual discrepancy, true or functional, may then be corrected by conventional methods.
Acetabulum ; Ankylosis ; Bone Lengthening ; Cerebral Palsy ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Leg ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ; Lower Extremity ; Osteotomy ; Pelvis ; Poliomyelitis ; Posture ; Seoul ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Steel

Osseous union of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia remains today a formidable challenge to orthopedic surgeons. Recently clinlcal studies of nonunion, congenital pseudarthrosis, and fresh fracture suggest that the electical stimulation enhances the union rate and shortens the healing time. We treated a case of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia by combined Boyds dual onlay graft and direct current electrical stimulation. A flrm clinical and radiological union was obtained at four months posfoperatively.
Electric Stimulation ; Inlays ; Orthopedics ; Pseudarthrosis ; Surgeons ; Tibia ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Child* ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the efficacy of routine ultrasonographic prediction of macrosomic fetal weight, to determine its influences on subsequent delivery type and to assess perinatal outcome by delivery type. METHODS: The hospital records of 177 patients delivered infants weighing > or =4000gm between January 1997 and December 1998 were reviewed. Statistical comparisons were made between patients in whom fetal macrosomia was predicted before delivery(n=71) and those in whom it was not(n=106) and between the perinatal outcomes for macrosomic fetuses delivered vaginally and by cesarean section. The statistical analysis was performed by student-t test, and Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The fetuses were consecutive singleton fetuses in vertex presentation delivered at a single institute. The sensitivity for identifying macrosomic fetus(birth weight >4000gm) with an estimated weight of > or =4000gm was 40%, Overall 60% of the infants had birth weights within 10% of the ultrasonographic estimates and 29% had birth weights within 5% of the ultrasonographic estimates. Cesarean sections were performed in 69% of the 'predicted' group and in 35% of the 'not predicted' group(69% vs 35%, p<0.0001, Fisher's exact test). Predicated group were more likely to be performed by elective cesarean section(48% vs 19%, p<0.0001, Fisher's exact test) and more like due to failed progress at<4cm cervical dilatation(27% vs 7%, p<0.05, Fisher's exact test). The proportion of patients delivered by cesarean section for failed progress at > or =4cm cervical dilatation was similar in the predicted and not predicted groups(19% vs 12%, NS). There was no significant difference in the incidences of the occurrence of birth trauma. CONCLUSION: There appears to be a limitation to obtain estimation of fetal weight by ultrasonography. The antenatal prediction of fetal macrosomia is associated with a marked increase in cesarean deliveries without a significant reduction in the incidence of fetal injury
Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fetal Macrosomia ; Fetal Weight* ; Fetus ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Labor Stage, First ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography*

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of epidural anesthesia on labor course. METHODS: Between January 1998 and December 1998, we evaluated pregnant women at term with singleton fetus in vertex presentation and with spontaneous onset of labor at our hospital. Comparison of 120 women (100 cases of primiparous women, 20 cases of multiparous women) who received epidural anesthesia in labor with 120 women (100 cases of primiparous women, 20 cases of multiparous women) who did not receive epidural anesthesia was performed. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were obtained from hospital delivery records and neonatal records. Statistical analysis were performed by Student's t-test and Chi square test. RESULTS: The results of this study were as followings; 1. There was no significant difference in mean age, body weight, height, and gestational age between epidural anesthesia group and control group (P>0.05). 2. The frequency of oxytocin augmentation was significantly greater in the primiparous epidural anesthetic group than in primiparous control group (p<0.05). 3. The effect of epidural anesthesia on the first stage of labor revealed no significant difference in both group. 4. Prolongation of second stage of labor was noticed in nullipara of epidural anesthesia group compared to control group (p<0.05). 5. The incidence of instrumental delivery was significantly increased in the primiparous epidural group than in the primiparous control group(p<0.05). 6. The meconium-stained amnionic fluid, Apgar score and birth weight were similar in both groups. 7. The maternal blood loss was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Epidural anesthesia, significantly prolongs second stage of labor in induced patients. While instrumental delivery was more prevalent in these parturients, C-section rate and intra-partum complications were not increased in these patients.
Amnion ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Body Weight ; Female ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Oxytocin ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnant Women

No abstract available.