To find clinical significance of routine “dipstick” urinalysis on admission, we analyzed the results of the “dipstick” urinalyses performed in 844 patients admitted to the pediatric department of Yeungnam University hospital from May 1, 1983 to October 31, 1984. Ketonuria, proteinuria, hematuria and glucosuria were found in 9.5%, 4.9%, 2.4% and 1.1% of the patients respectively. There were no significant differences by sex, age and presence of fever. However, proteinuria and ketonuria were found more frequently in the patients with dehydration (p<0.05). All of the patients with proteinuria and ketonuria showed negative results on follow up. However, among 13 patients with hematura, 9 patients showed negative results and 4 patients had persistent hematuria on follow up. These 4 patients were found to have chronic pyelonephritis (2), asymptomatic urinary tract infection (1) and benign recurrent hematuria (1). This routine “dipstick” urinalysis on admission seems to be simple test which is useful in detecting unrecognized kidney and other urinary tract disease.
Dehydration ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Ketosis ; Kidney ; Proteinuria ; Pyelonephritis ; Urinalysis* ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urologic Diseases

Bartter's syndrome is a rare tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, hyperreninemic, hyperaldosteronism, hyporesponsiveness to pressor agents and juxtaglomerular apparatus heperplasia. We report a case of Bartter's syndrome of a 5 month-old male infant with subdural hematoma who was confirmed by characteristic clinical, laboratory findings and kidney biopsy.
Alkalosis ; Bartter Syndrome* ; Biopsy ; Epilepsy* ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Infant ; Juxtaglomerular Apparatus ; Kidney ; Male ; Seizures*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Physical Examination*

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the clinical response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) according to the size of baseline ovarian cyst. METHOD: From February 1992 to March 1999, a retrospective analysis was done of 272 cases who underwent COH using mid-luteal phase long protocol of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) for IVF-ET. These cases were divided into four group; group 1 (n=63) had cysts with mean diameters between 20.2 and 29.0 mm on their baseline ultrasound on cycle day 3, group 2 (n=57, 30.0~49.0mm), group 3 (n=68, >50.0mm) and control group (n=84). Cases were excluded according to the following criteria; pure male factor infertility, the presence of only one ovary, high CA-125 level and previous endometriosis. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between cases with baseline ovarian cyst <50.0 mm in diameter and control group in any of the parameters. However, cases with baseline ovarian cyst>50.0 mm in mean diameter needed more amount of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), showed significantly lower estradiol (E2) level, the number of follicle >15.0 mm on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, the number of oocytes retrieved, the number of mature oocytes, and pregnancy rate compared with control group. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that cases with baseline overian cyst <50.0 mm in diameter do not adversely impact on IVF-ET outcome. However, cases with baseline ovarian cyst >50.0 mm in diameter had adverse effects on various parameters. Therefore, to improve the outcome of IVF-ET in these cases, ovarian cyst aspiration prior to initiating COH may be required.
Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Endometriosis ; Estradiol ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Cysts* ; Ovary ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn(PPHN) is a disorder characterized by persistence of the pattern of fetal circulation after birth due to a sustained elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance. The two primary events in the pathophysiology of neonatal pulmonary hypertension are hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction(HPV) and hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling(HPR). Chronic hypoxemia may cause increased muscularity of the pulmonary arteries and extension of the muscularity to more distal arteries. The mechanisms underlying neonatal hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling are complex and multifactorial, requiring the involvement of endothelial, vascular smooth muscle, and adventitial cells. Endothelin-1(ET-1) has strong vasoactive properties, and acts via two different receptors, ETA and ETB. In pulmonary artery, ETA receptors mediate vasoconstriction and are found on vascular smooth muscle cells, while ETB receptors that are mostly located on endothelial cells mediate vasodilation by NO and prostacyclin release. eNOS derived NO is an important mediator of pulmonary vascular response to chronic hypoxia. Atrial natriuretic peptides(ANP) plays an important role in the regulation of pulmonary arterial pressure. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release is increased in hypoxic pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, and hence may be involved in hypoxic pulmonary artery remodeling and edema. Retinol is essential for fetal lung morphogenesis and subsequent normal neonatal lung growth and maturation. ATP-sensitive potassium channels may be involved in the later stage of hypoxia. Activation of these channels may counteract the vasoconstrictive effect of hypoxia.
Anoxia ; Arterial Pressure ; Arteries ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells ; Epoprostenol ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Infant, Newborn* ; KATP Channels ; Lung ; Morphogenesis ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Parturition ; Pulmonary Artery ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasoconstriction ; Vasodilation ; Vitamin A

To analyse the age of onset, etiologic microorganisms, clinical manifestations, managements and genetic variation of chromic granulomatous disease, the authors reviewed four patients who were diagnosed as CGD at Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National Univesity Children's Hospital. They were siblings in relationship-two of them were brothers, the others were brother-sister. @ES The results were as follows; 1) Initial manifestations developed within 1 year old, and lymphadenopathy associated with BCG vaccination was the most common. 2) In culture study of micro-organism, catalase positive microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Coagulase (-) Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Proleus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli and fungus such as Candida albicans were isolated. In 2 cases, culture study revealed no growth. 3) Fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, suppurative dermatitis and pneumonia were the most common manifestations. In most of cases, antituberculous medications were administered under the impression of tuberculosis without response. 4) Immunologic screening tests including B-cell system, T-cell system, and complement system were within normal limit except NBT test. 5) In spite of severe infections, NBT scores of all the cases were less than those of controls. Liver biopsies of 3 cases showed granuloma formation with characteristic yellow brown pigment-laden macrophages.
Age of Onset ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy ; Candida albicans ; Catalase ; Coagulase ; Complement System Proteins ; Dermatitis ; Enterococcus ; Fever ; Fungi ; Genetic Variation ; Granuloma ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Liver ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Macrophages ; Mass Screening ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia ; Seoul ; Serratia marcescens ; Siblings ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccination

Cavernous hemangioma is the most common primary tumor occurred in adults' orbit. This tumor has symptoms characteristically developing over several years with slowly progressive proptosis, eyeball deviation, hyperopia, diplopia and optic nerve compression. It's removal, necessary when there is progressive exophthalmos and visual deficit, is best performed en bloc to avoid intraoperative vleeding, the risk of residue, and potential further growth. In principle, surgical approach to the orbit must provide maximum safety and optimal visualization. The noncompressibility of the globe imposes greater demand on the need for some removal of the osseous orbit for surgical approach. This also must permit immediate functional and aesthetic reconstruction. The authors have experienced a case of large cavernous hemangioma in the orbit inferomedially. The surgical treatment of tumor was achieved by inferomedial approach combined with inferolateral orbitotomy. This surgical approach allows better visualization of the tumor and greater protection of essential anatomic structures. This also permits immediate functional and aesthetic reconstruction. So we present our case with a brief review of the literature related to orbital cavernous hemangioma.
Diplopia ; Exophthalmos ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Hyperopia ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit*

The human chromosome analysis is widely used to diagnose genetic disease and various congenital anomalies. Many researches on automated chromosome karyotype analysis has been carried out, some of which produced commercial systems. However, there still remains much room for improving the accuracy of chromosome classification. In this paper, We propose an optimal pattern classifier by neural network to improve the accuracy of chromosome classification. The proposed pattern classifier was built up of multi-step multi-layer neural network(MMANN). We reconstructed chromosome image to improve the chromosome classification accuracy and extracted three morphological features parameters such as centromeric index(C.1.), relative length ratio(R.L.), and relative area ratio(R.A.). This Parameters employed as input in neural network by preprocessing twenty human chromosome images. The experiment results show that the chromosome classification error is reduced much more than that of the other classification methods.
Chromosomes, Human ; Classification* ; Humans ; Karyotype*