After the stabilization using unreamed intramedullary interlocking nails for the management of fractures of the tibial shaft, a large percentage of patients whose fractures would proceed to delayed bony union may be subject to secondary surgical procedure. The purpose of this study is to determine whether ultrasound, through its potential early assessment of the presence or absence of callus at the fracture site, can be used to predict the need for secondary surgical procedure. Fourteen tibial fractures (5 open, 9 closed) were treated with unreamed interlocking intramedullary nailing. Radiographs were obtained to monitor the maintenance of reduction and fracture healing. The results of ultrasound studies were obtained at two-week intervals for 10 weeks postoperatively and read by a radiologist. In prospective study of 14 patients, tibial fractures treated with unreamed interlocking intramedullary nailing were analyzed from June 1995 to February 1997 and following results were obtained. 1. Ultrasound correctly predicted fracture healing in all 10 fractures that subsequently progressed to fracture union. 2. Of the 4 fractures that did not heal, ultrasound was able to predict delayed union before it was radiographically evident. 3. Ultrasound predicted fracture healing at an average of 42 days (range, 22-70 days). In comparison, the plain radiographs showed fracture healing at an average of 126 days (range, 70 - 180 days). In conclusion, the tibia was ideal for ultrasound study because of the thin overlying soft tissue. Furthermore, the presence of the intramedullary nail facilitated evaluation of the intervening tissue. And there were several advantages of ultrasound over other imaging modalities. It was noninvasive, easy to use, and painless method of evaluation that does not use ionizing radiation.
Bony Callus ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fracture Healing* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Tibia* ; Tibial Fractures ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Ultrasonography*

INTRODUCTION: The number of passengers using aircraft is steadily increasing with the improvement in the air transport business. It requires the investment both in materials and human resources for commercial aircrew members to be able to accomplish their tasks of aircraft safety. Therefore, the aircrew members are required to maintain and improve their mental and physical states to an optimal condition. It is also very important to periodically evaluate a physical condition, which is essential to flight safety. METHODS: In this study, each of a total of 89 out of a population of 278 korea aircrew members over 50 were examined in three aspects: blood lipids, maximal oxygen consumption, and bone density. The examinee were divided into two groups (HDL-C high group and HDL-C low group) and three parameters described above were compared between two groups. RESULTS: The results were as follows: (1) TC and LDL-C were significantly higher(p<0.05), and HDL-C, TG and TC/HDL were significantly lower in HDL-C High group than HDL-C Low group (p<0.01). (2) The maximal oxygen consumption was significantly higher in HDL-C high group (p<0.05). (3) The bone density of lumbar spine was significantly higher in HDL-C high group (p<0.01). (4) VO2max were significant (P< .05) correlate to HDL-C. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the study, an aerobic exercise which helps in improving the maximal oxygen consumption and cardiopulmonary function is considered to be essential for aircrew members to maintain physical conditions for their tasks, and it is desirable to develop more effective aerobic exercise programs.
Aircraft ; Bone Density* ; Commerce ; Exercise ; Humans ; Investments ; Korea ; Oxygen Consumption ; Spine

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid*

Squamous cell carcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas are rarely originated from the stomach, thus the limited and sporadic informations about their clinico-pathologic characteristics as well as histogenesis have been elucidated. Six cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma (3 cases) and adenosquamous carcinoma(3 cases) in the stomach were examined during a period of 4 years from 1981 to 1984. After pertinent review of both clinical data and morphology through extended histotopographic study performed on 4 cases, their clinicopathologic characteristics were described. Male to female sex ratio was 4 : 2 and average age was 58.6 years. Clinical presentations or physical findings were not different from those of adenocarcinoma. Tumor masses of all cases were located in the body or phloric antrum. In all cases except for the early gastric carcinoma, each tumor was larger than 8 cm in long axis, and showed expansile and intraluminal endophytic growing tendencies with sharp margin. Simple Borrmann's macroscopic classification was applicable to none of 6 cases because of irregular and multicentric ulceration pattern and occasional submucosal growth which were reminiscent of those in submucosal tumors such as malignant lymphoma and leiomyosarcoma. Virtually four out of all six cases were diagnosed as submucosal tumor at the time of radiological examination. Microscopically three cases were composed of pure squamous cell carcinoma and remaining three contained both adeno and squamous components. Metastatic regional lymph nodes revealed only squamous element in case of pure squamous cell carcinoam, while both components were identified in adenosquamous carcinomas. Surrounding non-tumors mucosa exhibited moderate to severe degree of intestinal metaplasia accompanied by multifocal mucin pool formation. Growth pattern and surrounding mucosal changes as with older age prevalence of these tumors might express the biological behavior of intestinal type of gastric carcinoma.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Fourty three patients known to hnve cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were assigned to Papanicolaou smear in five different ways, i, e, A) cotion tipped wood applieator at the pasterior vaginal fronix and the ectocervix, B) cotton tipped wood applicator at the ectocervix and the endocervical canal, C) Cytohrush at the endocervical canal, D) Cervexbrusk and E) Cyto-spatula. At the completion of cytologic study, all the subjects were done colposcopically directed biopsy and/or ECC. To evaluate the false negative rates of the cytologic test, cervical cone biopsy or hysteectorny was performed on all the patient. The false negat,ive rates were 53.5% in A) 39.5% in B), 14,0% in C), l8.6% in D), 25.6% in E) and statistical differences occurect between each group, It was also found that bleedings were most frequently endountered in E) and the encocervical cells were most frequently appeared in C). With these results, it can he stated that the rate of negative encocervical cells in the srnear were correlated with the false negative rates of cervical cytology.
Biopsy ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Papanicolaou Test ; Wood

After bone damage of the fetal rat femurs induced by administrating cyclophosphamide(CP),(1/8 LD50) to the pregnant rat on 13th day of gestation, the effects of serum and ascorbic acid on the repair process of the bone during organ culture were studied, histologically and scanning electron microscopically. CP-damaged fetal femurs harvested at 20 days of gestation were cultured fro 2, 5 and 7 days in the waymouth media(WM) with or without fetal bovine serum(FBS) and ascorbic acid, and were observed with light microscope and JSM-35C scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows:1. CP-damaged bone tissue cultured in WM with 10% FBS showed relatively enhanced activities in the differentiation of chondrocytes and ossificstion as compared to that cultured in WM. 2. CP-damaged bone tissue cultured in WM with 10% FBS and 100µg/ml ascorbic acid, showed increase in the length of the bone marrow cavity, and active formation of new osteoid and collagen bundles. 3. The bone tissues cultured in WM with 10% FBS and 400µg/ml ascorbic acid revealed active deposition of bone matrix, thickening of periosteum and marked elongation of the bone marrow cavity. 4. Bone trabeculae of CP-damaged femurs cultured for 2 days in WM showed poor cell proliferation and insignificant bone matix formation. 5. The number of new cells and the amount of the collagen fibrils increased on the bone trabeculae of the bone cultured in WM with 10% FBS as compared to that cultured in WM and this increase was enhanced as the culture time progressed. 6. A remarkable increase was noted in the number of cells and collagen fibrils in the bone tissues cultured in WM with 10% FBS and ascorbic acid than in those cultured in WM with 10% FBS. 7. The number of the spherules formed by cellular component with collagen fibrils is more numerous than that formed by calcospherites associated with collagen fibrils.
Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Matrix ; Cell Proliferation ; Chondrocytes ; Collagen ; Cyclophosphamide ; Femur ; In Vitro Techniques ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Periosteum ; Pregnancy ; Rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the MR findings of embolized cerebral arteriovenous malformations according to various embolic materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed the endovascular embolization using four different kinds of embolic materials in 33 patients. Embolization related changes in the nidus and surrounding brain parenchyme were analyzed and the results were compared with pre- and postembolization MRI, CT and anglographic findings in all patients. RESULTS: Embolized vessels with N-buthyl-2-cyanoacrylate(NBCA) mixture showed some artifact in CT due to metallic character of tantalum powder or fatty nature of lipiodol. But in MRI, it was represented by fatty signals without artifact. In cases of using polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer(EVAL), there were no specific signal by the embolic material except for the disappearance of flow related signals in feeding arteries and shrinkage of venous ectasis. CONCLUSION: MRI is a valuable imaging modality for analysing the morphology and hemodynamics of cerebral AVMs, especially after embolization of pathologic vessels. Recognition of the signal of embolic agents and thus the thrombosed portion could lead to more precise analysis before surgery or radiosurgery.
Arteries ; Artifacts ; Brain ; Ethiodized Oil ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; Radiosurgery ; Tantalum

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To evlauate the efficacy of direct intracranial intraarterial thrombolytic therapy in patients withacute atherothrombotic and embolic stoke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients with cerebral thromboembolic disease, all in the area of the middle cerebral artery and including two cases of internal carotid artryocclusion, were treated with microcatheter-directed local intraarterial thrombolysis, using 180,000 to 1,000,000unit urokinase and 15 to 50mg of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The time elapsed before treatment ranged from260 to 470 minute (mean : 380 minutes). The effect of treatment was assessed by cerebral angiography, by CT and bythe clinical outcome. RESULTS: For 25 patients (61%), complete vessel recanalization was successful, In eightand three cases, respectively, the result was partial recanalization and residual stenosis. In 21 patients (51%),both acute neurologic and functional outcomes improved significantly within 24 hours and in 92% of patients, within one month. Hemorrhagic transformations occured in five patients (12.2%), and in five others there were high density lesions around the basal ganglia and temporal lobe, which was cleared on CT within 24 hours This suggested transient extravasation of the contrast media rather than true hemorrhage. tPA showed better results than urokinase in terms of the rate of recanlization (68.7% vs 56.7%) and the occurrence of hemorrhagic infarction(6.3%vs 16.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Local intraarterial cerebral thrombolysis is thought be an effective method in the treatment of acute brain infarction, but in some patients may cause intracerebral hemorrhage in some patients.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain Infarction ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Contrast Media ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Temporal Lobe ; Thrombolytic Therapy* ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator