The purpose of this study was to analyse the various patterns of calcification demonstrated in the anteriorand lateral neck roentgenograms of 213 unselected patients with thyroid enlargement. The patterns of thyroidcalcifications were correlated with clinical, surgical and histological findings. The results were as follows: 1.Of 213 cases of thyroid enlargement, 180 cases were benign and 168 cases were female. 2. The calcification ratewas high in the chronic thyroid enlargement. 3. The incidence of calcification was 30.2% in the malignancy and17.2% in the benign disease. There was no clacification in the Hashimoto's disease. 4. The nodular calcificationwas demonstrated in the both benign and malignant disease but curvilinear calcifiation was predominantly seen inbenign disease.
Female ; Hashimoto Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neck ; Thyroid Gland

No abstract available.
Sparganosis*

We present a case of iatrogenic lumbar foraminal stenosis caused by bone-cement leakage during vertebroplasty, successfully managed using transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (TELF). Vertebroplasty is an effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs); however, complications such as bone-cement leakage can lead to vascular or neurological issues, including lumbar radiculopathy. TELF is a minimally invasive surgical option for addressing various forms of lumbar foraminal stenosis. An 82-year-old female patient presented to Gachon University Gil Medical Center with severe right inguinal pain radiating to the anterior thigh and knee. Six months prior, she had undergone vertebroplasty at the L3 level for an osteoporotic VCF at another hospital. Following the procedure, she developed radicular leg pain with a diminished knee jerk reflex, which progressively worsened despite extensive conservative treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed right-sided L3–4 foraminal stenosis caused by bone-cement leakage from the prior vertebroplasty. TELF was performed under local anesthesia to decompress the affected area. Bone-cement fragments, along with hypertrophic bone and ligaments, were successfully removed, achieving sufficient decompression of the exiting nerve root. The patient experienced immediate postoperative pain relief. This case represents the first documented instance of endoscopic decompression for iatrogenic foraminal stenosis following vertebroplasty. TELF, performed safely under local anesthesia, demonstrates its effectiveness as a minimally invasive solution for this rare complication.

We present a case of iatrogenic lumbar foraminal stenosis caused by bone-cement leakage during vertebroplasty, successfully managed using transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (TELF). Vertebroplasty is an effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs); however, complications such as bone-cement leakage can lead to vascular or neurological issues, including lumbar radiculopathy. TELF is a minimally invasive surgical option for addressing various forms of lumbar foraminal stenosis. An 82-year-old female patient presented to Gachon University Gil Medical Center with severe right inguinal pain radiating to the anterior thigh and knee. Six months prior, she had undergone vertebroplasty at the L3 level for an osteoporotic VCF at another hospital. Following the procedure, she developed radicular leg pain with a diminished knee jerk reflex, which progressively worsened despite extensive conservative treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed right-sided L3–4 foraminal stenosis caused by bone-cement leakage from the prior vertebroplasty. TELF was performed under local anesthesia to decompress the affected area. Bone-cement fragments, along with hypertrophic bone and ligaments, were successfully removed, achieving sufficient decompression of the exiting nerve root. The patient experienced immediate postoperative pain relief. This case represents the first documented instance of endoscopic decompression for iatrogenic foraminal stenosis following vertebroplasty. TELF, performed safely under local anesthesia, demonstrates its effectiveness as a minimally invasive solution for this rare complication.

We present a case of iatrogenic lumbar foraminal stenosis caused by bone-cement leakage during vertebroplasty, successfully managed using transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (TELF). Vertebroplasty is an effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs); however, complications such as bone-cement leakage can lead to vascular or neurological issues, including lumbar radiculopathy. TELF is a minimally invasive surgical option for addressing various forms of lumbar foraminal stenosis. An 82-year-old female patient presented to Gachon University Gil Medical Center with severe right inguinal pain radiating to the anterior thigh and knee. Six months prior, she had undergone vertebroplasty at the L3 level for an osteoporotic VCF at another hospital. Following the procedure, she developed radicular leg pain with a diminished knee jerk reflex, which progressively worsened despite extensive conservative treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed right-sided L3–4 foraminal stenosis caused by bone-cement leakage from the prior vertebroplasty. TELF was performed under local anesthesia to decompress the affected area. Bone-cement fragments, along with hypertrophic bone and ligaments, were successfully removed, achieving sufficient decompression of the exiting nerve root. The patient experienced immediate postoperative pain relief. This case represents the first documented instance of endoscopic decompression for iatrogenic foraminal stenosis following vertebroplasty. TELF, performed safely under local anesthesia, demonstrates its effectiveness as a minimally invasive solution for this rare complication.

We present a case of iatrogenic lumbar foraminal stenosis caused by bone-cement leakage during vertebroplasty, successfully managed using transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (TELF). Vertebroplasty is an effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs); however, complications such as bone-cement leakage can lead to vascular or neurological issues, including lumbar radiculopathy. TELF is a minimally invasive surgical option for addressing various forms of lumbar foraminal stenosis. An 82-year-old female patient presented to Gachon University Gil Medical Center with severe right inguinal pain radiating to the anterior thigh and knee. Six months prior, she had undergone vertebroplasty at the L3 level for an osteoporotic VCF at another hospital. Following the procedure, she developed radicular leg pain with a diminished knee jerk reflex, which progressively worsened despite extensive conservative treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed right-sided L3–4 foraminal stenosis caused by bone-cement leakage from the prior vertebroplasty. TELF was performed under local anesthesia to decompress the affected area. Bone-cement fragments, along with hypertrophic bone and ligaments, were successfully removed, achieving sufficient decompression of the exiting nerve root. The patient experienced immediate postoperative pain relief. This case represents the first documented instance of endoscopic decompression for iatrogenic foraminal stenosis following vertebroplasty. TELF, performed safely under local anesthesia, demonstrates its effectiveness as a minimally invasive solution for this rare complication.

We present a case of iatrogenic lumbar foraminal stenosis caused by bone-cement leakage during vertebroplasty, successfully managed using transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (TELF). Vertebroplasty is an effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs); however, complications such as bone-cement leakage can lead to vascular or neurological issues, including lumbar radiculopathy. TELF is a minimally invasive surgical option for addressing various forms of lumbar foraminal stenosis. An 82-year-old female patient presented to Gachon University Gil Medical Center with severe right inguinal pain radiating to the anterior thigh and knee. Six months prior, she had undergone vertebroplasty at the L3 level for an osteoporotic VCF at another hospital. Following the procedure, she developed radicular leg pain with a diminished knee jerk reflex, which progressively worsened despite extensive conservative treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed right-sided L3–4 foraminal stenosis caused by bone-cement leakage from the prior vertebroplasty. TELF was performed under local anesthesia to decompress the affected area. Bone-cement fragments, along with hypertrophic bone and ligaments, were successfully removed, achieving sufficient decompression of the exiting nerve root. The patient experienced immediate postoperative pain relief. This case represents the first documented instance of endoscopic decompression for iatrogenic foraminal stenosis following vertebroplasty. TELF, performed safely under local anesthesia, demonstrates its effectiveness as a minimally invasive solution for this rare complication.

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to compare risperidone(as an atypical antipsychotic) with haloperidol(as a typical antipsychotic), so we examined the clinical effects and changes of plasma HVA, 5-HIAA & HVA/5-HIAA ratio after 8 week of risperidone or haloperidol trial. METHOD: Twenty-six male chronic schizophrenic patients were treated for 8 weeks with risperidone(N=14) and haloperidol(N=12). The duration of wash-out period was 14 days. The psychopathologic assessment was chechked by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and plasma HVA & 5-HIAA was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) with electrochemical detector. The checking points were just before drug trial and 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 8th week(total 5 times). RESULTS: 1) Risperidone trial group were more improved than haloperidol tiral group in PANSS scores(total, positive, negative and general psychopathy). 2) Changes of plasma HVA and 5-HIAA in the risperidone and haloperidol trial group were not statistically different. But because baseline 5-HIAA of risperidone trial group was higher than that of haloperidol trial group, the increase of haloperidol trial group would be more. 3) There was significant difference in changes of HVA/5-HIAA ratio between risperidone and haloperidol trial group. But the change of HVA compared with 5-HIAA in risperidone trial group was higher than that of haloperidol trial group. CONCLUSION: These results revealed that risperidone was more effective in clinical symptoms, and suggest that cause of these results may be due to blocking both of dopamine D2 receptors and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors of risperidone.
Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid* ; Male ; Plasma* ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2 ; Risperidone* ; Tramadol

Nonfunctioning carcinoma of the adrenal cortex is an extremely rare disease. We have presented a case of nonfunctioning adrenocortical carcinoma. The patient was a 35 year-old female who had complained of discomfort and gradually growing mass in the left upper quadran1. No significant laboratory findings or evidence of hormonal disturbance wee clinically noted. Ultrasonography and abdominal CT revealed about 15 x 13cm sized mass in the left suprarenal area. Left adrenal gland. kidney and spleen were removed. The tumor was multilobulated but well encapsulated. measuring 16 x 15 x 13cm in size and weighing 420 grams. Cut surface of the tumor showed massive hemorrhage and necrosis, Microscopically, the tumor showed marked cellular pleomorphism, nuclear hyperchromatism and increased mitoses with some atypical mitoses. Capsular and vascular invasion of tumor cells was observed.
Adrenal Cortex ; Adrenal Glands ; Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Adult ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Kidney ; Mitosis ; Necrosis ; Rare Diseases ; Spleen ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

The evolution of brain imaging techniques over the last decade has been remarkable. Along with such technical developments, research into chronic pain has made many advances. Given that brain imaging is a non-invasive technique with great spatial resolution, it has played an important role in finding the areas of the brain related to pain perception as well as those related to many chronic pain disorders. Therefore, in the near future, brain imaging techniques are expected to be the key to the discovery of many unknown etiologies of chronic pain disorders and to the subjective diagnoses of such disorders.
Brain ; Chronic Pain ; Neuroimaging ; Pain Perception