No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Erythroblastosis, Fetal* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mothers*

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Pregnancy*

Recently, various tube-shunt implants have been used in treating refractory glaucomas.They have large volumed reservoir portion made of hard materials.We made a new implant with soft and freely malleable membrane[expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, e-PTFE]as a reservoir portion attached to the conventional silicone tube. Based on the encouraging result from experimental animal study, we performed a clinical trial for the membrane-tube implant.We performed Glaucoma Tube-Shunt Implant surgery using double layers of e-PTFE membrane and silicone tube with its one end fixed between the two layers.The subjects had refractory glaucomas without useful vision who visited our hospital from May 1991 to Sep.1995. There were 40 eyes of 37 patients and their mean follow-up period was 32.6 months.We could control the IOP within 6~21 mms of mercury in 26 eyes[65.0%, Success].In remaining 14 eyes, we could not control the IOP or additional surgery was needed to control the IOP or treat severe complications[35.0%, Failure].The Kaplan-Meier Survival for IOP control was 78.4% at 1 yr, 71.6%at 2 yr, and 60.3%at 3 yr.The complications were similar to those of other commercially available Glaucoma implants. This new implant is made of soft, freely malleable membrane for the reservoir portion with small volume which can be inserted with smaller incision on the conjunctiva with less complication.We have obtained comparable result from this membrane-tube implant to other implants, and it may be considered as an another substitute for the treatment of refractory glaucomas.
Animals ; Conjunctiva ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Membranes* ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Silicones

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Lymphoma*

General anesthesia for the removal of a large mediastinal mass has been associated with life-threatening airway obstruction. We present a case of general anesthesia for a patient with superior posterior mediastinal mass and critical airway compression who was allowed to maintain spontaneous ventilation throughout general anesthesia for a thoracotomy. The patient was a 5-year-old boy complaining of productive cough and intermittent fever for 3 weeks. His chest radiograph and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) film demonstrated a critically narrowed and deviated trachea at the level of the thoracic inlet to the proximal portion of the right bronchus. We can secure the airway by spontaneous ventilation without muscle relaxation and allowing the patient to breathe spontaneously and insertion of endotracheal tube distal to the narrowed portion of trachea.
Airway Obstruction ; Anesthesia, General ; Bays ; Bronchi ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; Fever ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Relaxation ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Thoracotomy ; Trachea ; Ventilation

Megameatus intact prepuce (MIP) is an unusual variant of hypospadias and comprised 3 percent of all hypospadias. Embryologically, maldevelopment of glandular epithelial infolding would appear to be the abnormal process responsible for MIP formation. We have performed the pyramid procedures in 3 patients seen with the MIP variant during 14 months and achieved good results. The pyramid procedure optimizes a safe and simple dissection of the megameatus-urethra, and allows for subsequent reduction and caliber of both with excellent functional and cosmetic results.
Female ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; Male

Drip infusion pyelography by Schencker technique was carried out on total of 20 cases, 7 normal and 13 abnormal. Of 13 abnormal cases, definite diagnosis could be obtained in 1 cases in which conventional urography had not been helpful in establishment of diagnosis, and significant information could be obtained in 6 cases. This is the first report on drip infusion pyelography in this country and no complication was observed during the examination. Drip infusion pyelography was found valuable in cases with the following problems; 1) When valuable information can not be obtained through the conventional urography. 2) When renal function is poor. 3) When delineation of anatomical details is desirable. 4) When retrograde pyelography is contraindicated. Drip infusion pyelography is a safe, new and widely accepted diagnostic procedure in urographic study.
Diagnosis ; Infusions, Intravenous* ; Urography*

PURPOSE: With the increased use of chemotherapy for non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a growing group of patients can now be considered for second-line chemotherapy. However, guidelines for the second line treatment remain to be developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the gemcitabine and vinorelbine combination therapy in patients with advanced NSCLC, pretreated with taxane and platinum based regimens. Gemcitabine has already demonstrated activity in this patient group, with the combination therapy having been reported to be well tolerated in previous phase I/II studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty two patients with advanced NSCLC (stages III/IV), having received prior taxane and platinum based chemotherapy, with an ECOG performance status (PS) 0~2, and unimpaired hematopoietic and organ function, were treated with vinorelbine, 20 mg/m2, followed by gemcitabine, 1, 000 mg/m2, both administered on days 1, 8 and 15, every 4 weeks. RESULTS: Out of the 42 patients enrolled, 41 were evaluable for their response, and all 42 for their toxicity. The patient's characteristics were as follows; median age=60 years (42~73), median PS=1 (range 0~2), a gender ratio 31: 11 males/females, with stages IIIA, IIIB and IV in 3, 14 and 25 cases. The objective responses included a partial response (PR) 8/41 (19.5%), a stable disease 15/41 (36.6%) and a progressive disease 18/41 (43.9%). The median time-to progression (TTP) and survival were 4 months, ranging from 2 to 14 months, and 8 months, ranging from 2 to 17+ months, respectively. Grade 3 neutropenia was seen in 19% of the patient, and there was no grade 4 neutropenia or episodes of febrile neutropenia. No grade 4 thrombocytopenia or other grade 3/4 non-hematological toxicities were observed. CONCLUSION: The combination of gemcitabine/vinorelbine is active and well tolerated in patients with advanced NSCLC having failed prior taxane/platinum therapy.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Drug Therapy* ; Febrile Neutropenia ; Humans ; Neutropenia ; Platinum ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Thrombocytopenia

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Our previous studies of ionization and solubility of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) yielded inappropriately large differences between the two carboxylic pK'a values of UCB. These data, however, were not ideal due to crystal effects, matastability, impurities of the bilirubin, and imprecision of analyses at low UCB. METHODS: The sodium salt of taurocholate (TC) was purified and dissolved in water to 100 mM. Chloroform (CHCl3) was purified by vacuum distillation. Buffers used were: citrate from pH 4 to 6, phosphate from pH 6 to 8, and borate above pH 8. All had an ionic strength of 0.10. The problems were minimized by rapid solvent partition of UCB from CHCl3 into buffered aqueous NaCl, and a new, accurate assay of low UCB in the aqueous phase which was achieved by concentrating the UCB through back extraction into small volumes of CHCl3. RESULTS: In contrast with the crystal dissolution studies, the two pK'a value were similar. H2B0, not HB-, was the dominant UCB species in the pH range of bile (6.0 to 8.0). The aqueous solubilities of UCB were 90 to 98% less. Less than 0.01% of the bile salt partitioned into the CHCl3 phase and self-association of B= was negligible. UCB solubilities in 50 mM TC were 2 to 10% of those obtained by crystal dissolution, and, up to pH 7.9, were below the maximum UCB concentration in normal human bile. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the markedly increased binding of UCB with each ionization step is due to the disruption of the internal hydrogen bonds of the ionized carboxyl groups on interaction with the bile salt. We propose to extend the study of partition to determine the activity and the degradation products of calcium salts of unbound bilirubin fractions.
Bilirubin/*chemistry ; Chloroform ; English Abstract ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro ; Solubility ; Solvents ; Taurocholic Acid/*chemistry