Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI) of any severity can result in broad and persisting biopsychosocial sequelae. Depression after TBI occur at a greater frequency than in the general population, with estimates approaching 25% to 50% for major depression, and 155 to 30% for dysthmia. Acute onset depressions are related to lesion location and may have their etiology in biological response of the injured brain, whereas delayed onset depressions may be mediated by psychosocial factors, suggesting psychological reactions as a possible mechanism. Anxious depressions are associated with right hemisphere lesions, whereas major depressions alone are associated with left dorsolateral frontal and left basal ganglia lesions. However, there is insufficient information to postulate a specific neuroanatomic model for TBI-related depression.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Depression* ; Psychology

No abstract available.

Objective To analyze and evaluate the relationship between hepoatocelluar carcinoma incidence and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) expression in choronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with long-term treatment of nucleoside analogue therapy.Methods The clinical data of 56 CHB patients with long-term treatment of nucleoside analogue therapy except for hepoatocelluar carcinoma (experimental group)were summarized retrospectively,and all patients underwent anti-viral therapy with no less than 5 years.The clinical data of 56 CHB patients without anti-viral therapy in the same period (control group) were collected.The risk factors of hepoatocelluar carcinoma were analyzed.Results The incidence of hepoatocelluar caroinoma was 7.14％ (4/56) in experimental group and 19.64％ (11/56) in control group,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of hepoatocelluar carcinoma was 0 in patients with positive HBeAg without cirrhosis (36 cases) in experimental group and 1/8 in patients with negative HBeAg without cirrhosis in experimental group,and there was significant difference (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Long-term treatment of nucleoside analogue therapy can reduce but bot eliminate the hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with CHB,especially in those with negative HBeAg.HBeAg negativity is a significant risk factor for the development of hepallerular carcinoma in CHB patients without liver cirrhosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of old symp -tomatic osteoporotic vertebral fractures in elderly .Methods 56 patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures in elder-ly were selected and treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty .The age of the patients were from 67 to 83 years old, average of 72.5 years old.Among them,there were 15 male cases and 41 female cases.The Cobb angles,Visual Ana-logue Scale score ,and postoperative complications were measured .Results All the operations were successfully com-pleted which took the time from 30 min to 55min.2~5ml bone cement was used in the operation .Pains of 56 patients were significantly reduced or disappeared .VAS:(7.9 ±1.5) of pre-operation,VAS:(2.3 ±1.2) of post operation, Cobb angles:(25.8 ±4.9) of pre-operation,Cobb angles:(12.6 ±3.6) of post operation.The patients could move after operation with the protection of waist in 3 to 9 days.After the follow-up visit of 2 to 14 months,the pains of patients were disappear , no complications of nerves injury , pulmonary embolism and bone cement leakage of spinal canal.Conclusion It suggests that percutaneous vertebroplasty can relieve the pain and improve the life quality of the patients with old symptomatic osteoporotic vertebral fractures .It is worthy of clinical promotion .

Is superselective embolization of the brain AVMs, the possibilities of adjacent normal brain tissue damage necessitates preembolic evaluation. The authors performed the Sodium Amytal test on 15 patients with brain AVMs. In the AVM patients with negative Amytal test(30 cases), all patients showed normal pattern on EEG and neurologic examinations after embolization Among the five patients with positive Amytal test, three cases showed neurologic deficit and the others two didn't. In eleven patients. Repeated embolization without the Amytal test were done. Among them, 5 cases showed neurlogic deficit and the others were quite normal. In conclusion, the Amytal test is a useful method of evaluation of the risk to damage normal brain tissue which are supplied by superselected feeding vessels. Combining the EEG with this test is a sensitive and objective method in evaluating patients following the Amytal test. And it is essential to performed the Amytal test for repeat embolization procedures.
Amobarbital* ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Brain* ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Methods ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations

Desensitization, Immunologic ; methods ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous

Objective To explore the treatment methods of periprosthetic femur fracture after hip arthroplasty.Methods 9 patiens with periprosthetic femur fracture after hip arthroplasty were selected.According to Vancouver classification,there were 1 case in A type,5 cases in B1 type,2 cases in B2 type,1 case in C type.One case were treated by nonoperative method and the other 8 cases were treated by operative method,including 5 cases treated by memory alloy embracing fixator and internal fixation,3 cases treated by long stem prosthetic replacement and iliac bone graft.Results 8 cases were followed up for 8 to 21 months,average 14.2 months.All fractures were united well with good alignment and internal fixation failure except one prosthesis loosing was observed.Conclusion For periprosthetic femur fracture after hip arthroplasty,Vancouver classification methods include the location and stability of the fracture,prosthesis loosening,and the femur in bone mass is importance to the clinical treatment.As to A type fracture,prosthesis is stable,and the conservative treatment can be choosed.As to B1 and B2 type fracture,the aggressive surgical treatment can be choosed based on patients' general condition.If prosthesis loosening after artificial hip arthroplasty,the patients should treated with long stem prosthetic replacement.

Objective: The purpose of this tudy was to dynamicly observe the weight and the bone mineral density (BMD) of the unsexed rabbits with a few self-made standardized phantoms. Methods:The eighteen healthy adult female rabbits were measured for their weight and BMD in preunsexed and postunsexed 5 months, 10 months with quantitative CT(QCT). Results:There were 61.1% of rabbits whose weight and BMD decreased after 5 months of the postunsexed and 100% of rabbits whose weight and BMD decreased after 10 months of the operation. Conclusion:QCT can be used to dynamicly observe curative effect of drugs in various periods as well,and it is a good method to study osteoporosis.

No abstract available.
Facial Nerve*

According to literatures, the different types of fractures can occur as a result of arm wrestling ; Spiral fracture of the humeral shaft associating often with a bntterfly fragment, fracture of medial epicondyle of the humerus, and the marginal radial head fracture with anterior dislocation. The last type is very rarely reported. In addition to the fracture occurrence, other injuries such as muscular strain of the arm, and sprain or luxation of the shoulder, elbow and wrist joints can be taken place. However, it is thought that the most of those injuries by arm wrestling have been treated simply by general practioners unreported. The arouse the attention of the jury of the game, wrestlers and the surgenons, the cases of bony injuries sustained during the arm-wrestling are reported. Thirteen patients were treated by us since 1977. Among them, five cases had fractures of the humeral shaft, and eight cases had fractures of medial epicondyle of the humerus. Among the five shaft fractures, three were treated by conservatively, and two by operatively. Among 8 avulsion fractures of the medial epicondyle only two were treated conservatively, and 6 operatively. One patient sustained the medial epicondylar avulsion fracture twice for which K-wire fixation treatment was done. The results of treatment were all satisfactory. However, because of the possibility of wrestlers sustaining such injuries. Arm wrestling should not be considered a totally benign sport.
Arm ; Dislocations ; Elbow ; Head ; Humans ; Humerus ; Shoulder ; Sports ; Sprains and Strains ; Wrestling ; Wrist Joint