PURPOSE: Many articles have proposed that osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is caused by fat embolism or intravascular coagulation linked to hyperlipidemia. To determine whether hyperlipidemia is an associated factor for ONFH, serum lipid levels were measured. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nighty-eight patients presenting with ONFH and 110 controls were investigated. We compared the average value of serum lipid levels and the incidence of hyperlipidemia of the two groups. RESULTS: ONFH group showed generalized increase in lipid level and statistically significant difference in the average value of total cholesterol (P=0.0001), HDL-cholesterol (P=0.0261) and phospholipid (P=0.0465) compared with the control. The incidence of hyperlipidemia of the two groups showed statistically significant difference in HDL-cholesterol (P=0.019) and triglyceride (P=0.024). CONCLUSION: Hyperlipidemia seems to be associated with pathogenesis of ONFH. We speculated that hyperlipidemia might be a contributing factor of ONFH. Hyperlipidemia may play a role as a triggering factor in the pathogenetic process that results in osteonecrosis. However, it can not be ruled out that secondary hyperlipidemia might be a finding following ONFH.
Cholesterol ; Embolism, Fat ; Head* ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Incidence ; Osteonecrosis* ; Triglycerides

No abstract available.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Child* ; Humans ; Immunomodulation*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of the low-field (0.2T) magnetic resonance (MR) system in the detection of the superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder over a 7-month period. Forty-six patients underwent arthroscopic surgery, and the surgical results were correlated with the findings of the MR imaging. Arthroscopic procedures were performed within a mean of 8 days after MR imaging. MR imaging of the shoulder was conducted as follows: shoulder coil; T1-weighted spin echo, coronal-oblique images; T2-weighted gradient echo, coronal-oblique and axial images; and T2-weighted spin echo, coronal-oblique and sagittal-oblique images. Prospectively, one radiologist interpreted the MR images. RESULTS: The results of surgery were as follows: SLAP II in 26 shoulders, SLAP III in 1 shoulder, SLAP IV in 1 shoulder, normal labrum in 6 shoulders. For SLAP lesions with a higher grade than type 2, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the low-field MRI were 85.7%, 55.5%, 75%, 71%, and 74%, respectively. CONCLUSION: There was relatively good agreement for the comparison of the MR results obtained using a low-field MR system with the surgical findings for identifying SLAP lesions.
Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Shoulder

The authors reviewed 114 patients with hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage diagnosed by CT scan, and analyzed the factors affecting the prognosis in acute stage of 76 patients who were selected by our criteria. The overall mortality was 26.3%. The isolated hemorrhage within thalamus represented 22.8% and showed 100% survivability of ADL(ability in daily life) 3 or above. The mortality of the other that were extended to internal capsule or midbrain, was 35.7%. The factors affecting poor prognosis were as follows : 1) poor conscious level on admission ; 2) the hematoma on left side in location ; 3) hemorrhagic groups that were extended to internal capsule with intraventricular hemorrhage, midbrain, or both ; 4) the presence of ventricular penetration or dilatation ; 5) the hematoma volume of 10cc or above ; 6) the maximum diameter of 33mm or above ; 7) the maximum height of 40mm or above. The prognosis had no significant relationship with the age.
Dilatation ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Internal Capsule ; Mesencephalon ; Mortality ; Prognosis* ; Thalamus ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A series of 497 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage was analyzed. All were admitted to the Soonchunhyang University Chonan Hospital from January 1985 to December 1988 and diagnosed by CT. The age distribution showed the highest peak of incidence at sixth decade(37.8%), followed by the seventh(26.8%), fifth(19.7%), eighth(9.5%), and fourth(3.4%) decades in that order. Our series consisted of 217 males and 280 females. The hemorrhages were located in the putamen in 41.4%, thalamus in 27.2%, cerebrel hemisphere in 14.3%, cerebellum in 6.4%, brain stem in 3.8% and others in 6.8%. Glasgow coma scale on admission is 13-15 in 44.1%, 3-8 in 30.8% and 9-12 in 25.2%. Surgical treatments were performed in 200 patients and 297 patients were treated conservatively. Surgical treatments were usually performed in comatose patients, while vast majority of alert patients were treated conservatively. Surgical mortality rate was 54.0% and mortality rate of conservatively treated patients was 26.9%. Overall mortality rate was 39.8% expect self-discharged or transferred patients(26.2% of total). The outcome was good recovery in 12.5%, moderate disability in 27.5%, severe disability or vegetative state in 20.2% and death or moribund-discharge in 39.8%. The prognosis was related to the level of consciousness and the location of hemorrhage. Age, sex, and method of treatment did not affect the prognosis significantly. There was no evidence that outcome of surgical treatment was better than of conservative treatment in this study.
Age Distribution ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Hemorrhage* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Coma ; Consciousness ; Female ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Persistent Vegetative State ; Prognosis* ; Putamen ; Thalamus

No abstract available.
Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the therapeutic results of intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus that were treated through the modified tricepssparing approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February, 1997 to september, 2001, we reviewed sixteen cases of intercondylar fracture of the distal humerus, which were treated by surgical treatment. The follow up period ranged from one year to three years, averaging 1 year 8 months. The articularsurface of the distal humerus was exposed through elevation of the triceps from the medial and the lateral intermuscular septum. Theulna nerve was identified and protected, and then, the fracture sites were fixed with double plates. The functional results were evaluated using Broberg and Morrey's functional scale. RESULTS: All united at 14.5 weeks in an average. The functional results were as follows; three excellent, ten good, two fair and one poor. The range of the elbow joint motion was flexion contracture 11 degree to further flexion 130 degree in average. The one patient presented poor result had coronal shear fracture of the capitulum combined with severe comminution. The incomplete ulnar nerve palsy developed in one case. CONCLUSION: The modified triceps sparing approach provided sufficient exposure for rigid fixation of intercondylar fracture of the humerus. But in cases with severe comminution or coronal shear fracture, additional anterior approach or olecranon osteotomy should be considered.
Contracture ; Elbow Joint ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus* ; Olecranon Process ; Osteotomy ; Ulnar Neuropathies

The authors present a case of non-mycotic aneurysm arising from the marginal branch of the left superior cerebellar artery(SCA) in a 65-year-old female. Cerebral angiography disclosed a saccular aneurysm(3x3 mm) at the origin of marginal branch of the left SCA. The aneurysm was successfully clipped through the infratentorial-supracerebellar approach. Since the aneurysm from the marginal branch of the SCA is rare, we reported here briefly.
Aged ; Aneurysm* ; Arteries* ; Cerebral Angiography ; Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study to examine if the levels of anxiety(emotional, cognitive, and behavioral measures) during performance are influenced by interaction of both achievement related self discrepancy(=psychological vulnerability variable) and evaluative threat stress(=stressor) based on vulnerabilitystress model in order to identify the mechanism of development of performance anxiety and furthermore to suggest psychological intervention strategies to reduce and prevent it effectively. METHOD: High and low self discrepancy subjects consisted of students from the upper(n=40) and lower 15%(n=40) on achievement related self discrepancy scale, respectively. They were randomly assigned to either evaluative threat condition or neutral condition, and then all subjects took intellective task(verbal reasoning test and digit symbol test). RESULTS: The results were as follows; 1) High self discrepancy subjects under evaluative threat reported significantly higher level of state anxiety during performance than low self discrepancy subjects under any condition and also experienced higher degreee of state anxiety with marginal significance than high self discrepancy subjects under neutral condition, whereas there were no significant effects on the anxiety level of group variable under neutral condition or of stress variable in low self discrepancy subjects. 2) High self discrepancy subjects reported more cognitive interference during performance than low self discrepancy subjects regardless of the level of stress. 3) High self discrepancy subjects performed marginally significantly more poorly in digit symbol test than low self discrepancy subjects regardless of the level of stress, whereas there were no significant effects on verbal reasoning test. CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that performance anxiety could be affected by achievement related self discrepancy and stress, and specially by interaction between self discrepancy and stress was relatively strongly supported by the results on emotional measure of performance anxiety. In addition, this hypothesis received partial support by the results on cognitive and behavioral measures. We might conclude that it is important to consider achievement-related self discrepancy and evaluative threat stress together to understand the mechanism of development of performance anxiety and to reduce or prevent this anxiety effectively.
Anxiety ; Humans ; Performance Anxiety*

An analysis of recent experiences for the brain stem glioma with surgery and autopsy established confirmation of the characteristic symptoms and signs, and of diagnostic criterias of Conray-ventriculogram and vertebral-angiogram. The cases consisted of 2 cases of exophytic brain stem glioma and 4 cases of pontomedullary glioma, and 5 of 6 patients had the signs of the increased intracranial pressure in this cases. A resurgence of interest in the Conray ventriculogram has been produced by cut-off sign of aqueduct of Sylvius in 2 cases of the exophytic brain stem glioma. The survival period in adults (1-3 years) were longer than that in children (less than 3 months) in this series.
Adult ; Autopsy ; Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Cerebral Aqueduct ; Child ; Glioma* ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure