No abstract available.
Actinomycosis*

Various clinical and pathologic parameters in order to determine the prognosis of gastric carcinoma have been proposed. Among them "carcinoma with lymphoid stroma" has been proven to show good prognosis. But the criteria of lymphoid stroma in this condition remain vague and not clear. A total of 7 cases of gastric carcinoma with heavy lymphoid stromal response out of 947 surgically resected gastric carcinomas was reviwed with histotopographic analysis. They were all advanced carcinoma, Borrmann type I and II. Histologically, the lymphoid stromal response could be divided into three patterns; nodular (3 cases), diffuse (3 cases) and mixed (1 case). The nodular pattern was characterized by massive lymphoid cell infiltration with many follicle formation and little desmoplastic reaction, while the diffuse pattern showed diffuse permeative type of inflammatory cell infiltration with scarce lymphoid follicle formation and mild desmoplasia. Regional lymph node metastasis was found in 2 cases; one in diffused and another one in mixed pattern. The stromal reaction was not directly related with the depth of tumor invasion. We propoose that the term GCLS should be used in the cases of nodular pattern with complete follicle formation of lymphoid stroma.
Neoplasm Metastasis

Recently atypical antipsychotics have been used as first line agent in the treatment of schizophrenia, and also played a significant role in the treatment of many kinds of psychiatric disorders. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of these newer antipsychotics are well know through preclinical and early clinical trials. However, it is important to note the limitations of the results due to its relatively short experience. Clozapine is eliminated principally by the hepatic P450 1A2 and 3A4 cytochrome enzymes. 1A2 inducers such as carbamazepine and smoking can reduce its half-life, while 1A2 inhibitors such as SSRIs especially fluvoxamine can increase its duration of action. Carbamazepine should be avoided in a patient on clozapine because of carbamazepine's potential effects on bone marrow. Benzodiazepines tend to increase the chances of sedation delirium and respiratory depression. Risperidone is metabolized to 9-hydroxyriperidone by the hepatic P450 2D6 cytochrome enzymes. Fluoxetine and paroxetine, 2D6 inhibitors interfere with metabolism, but 9-hydroxyrisperidone has similar biological activity as parental drug, so it has little affect on the outcome. Olanzapine shows minimal capacity to inhibit cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and shows minimal chance of drug interaction. It is eliminated principally by the hepatic P450 1A2 and 2D6 cytochrome enzymes.
Antipsychotic Agents* ; Benzodiazepines ; Bone Marrow ; Carbamazepine ; Clozapine ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Cytochromes ; Delirium ; Drug Interactions* ; Fluoxetine ; Fluvoxamine ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; Metabolism ; Parents ; Paroxetine ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Amino Acid Sequence* ; HIV* ; Phenotype*

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to demonstrate the activities and phosphorylation changes induced by acute ethanol treatment and withdrawal conditions in the intracellular signal transduction molecules [such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), and Akt] of the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. METHODS: The acute treatment exposed SH-SY5Y cells to 100 mM ethanol, and we took samples 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 24 hours after initiating this treatment. After 24 hours' continuous ethanol treatment, we initiated ethanol withdrawal, taking samples at 30 minutes and 60 minutes. We assayed the kinase phosphorylations via an immunoblot analysis using phosphorspecific antibodies, quantified by optical densitometry. RESULTS: Ethanol treatment induced a transient increase in phosphorylation of GSK3beta and Akt at 30 minutes but failed to change the phosphorylation level of ERK. Ethanol withdrawal induced a transient ERK phosphorylation increase at 30 minutes, but it had no effect on the phosphorylation of GSK3beta or Akt. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the ethanol-induced cellular response includes the ERK, GSK3beta, and Akt systems. In particular, the ERK pathway may play a role in the acute withdrawal response. This also suggests that a relatively short exposure to ethanol, such as the 24-hour exposure in this study, can induce functional adaptation within a cell.
Antibodies ; Cell Line ; Densitometry ; Ethanol ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; Glycogen Synthase Kinases ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Neuroblastoma ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases ; Signal Transduction

Pigmented lesions of palmar and plantar skin may cause diagnostic problems, because some features of benign lesions in these sites may raise the suspicion of melanoma if considered alone. Transepidermal elimlnation is a mechanism by which a substance is eliminated through the epidermis, and it is apt to be confused with a feature of melanoma that tumor cells are located at all layers of the epidermis. We report a case of transepidermal elimination of nevus cells in acral letiginous nevus which needs a differential dignosis of melanoma.
Epidermis ; Melanoma ; Nevus* ; Skin

Objective To investigate the effect of early coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)to the left ventricular wall motion state and the significance of CABG to awake hibernating myocardial in dogs with acute myocardial infarction.Methods The anterior descending coronary of all thirty dogs were ligated into MI model.According to the operation date,the experimental groups included the 1 st week (n =6),the 2nd week (n =4),the 4th week (n =6) and the 6th week (n =6) CABG,and established control group (n =2) for every experimental group.Operators marked hibernate myocardial and determined the room wall motion score by means of dobutamine ultrasound load test (DSE) combining with tissue doppler imaging (DTI)technology before CABG and after eight weeks CABG through thoracotomy surgery for the experimental group and the control group.Every dog was executed and detected the area of MI.Results Four dogs of experimental group and all dogs of control group survived to the end of the study.The change of ventricular room wall motion score in the 1st and the 2nd week CABG was smaller than that in the 4th and the 6th week CABG and MI group(0.03 ±0.06,0.05 ±0.09,0.23 ±0.08,0.27 ±40.06,0.32 ±0.05,P ＜0.05).The change of room wall motion score in all CABG groups was smaller than that in MI group(1.195 ±0.09,1.25 ±0.18,1.30 ±0.18,1.36 ±0.11,1.65 ±0.17,P＜0.05).The hibernate myocardial were more awaken in all CABG groups than that in MI group (0.27 ± 0.12,0.22 ± 0.04,0.31 ± 0.09,0.23 ± 0.03,0.03 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.05).The area of MI became smaller in 1 and 2 weeks CABG than that in 4 and 6 weeks CABG and MI group(20.75 ± 2.63,21.25 ± 2.5,27.25 ± 1.71,27.75 ± 2.22,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Early CABG surgery for dogs acute MI could improve the ventricular room wall motion obviously and wake up more hibernate myocardial.Especially,CABG surgery among two weeks could lessen the effect of MI to the ventricular room wall motion and reduce the scope of myocardial infarction maximatily.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical results of early total care (ETC) treatment for elderly patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures.

METHODSClinical data of 106 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture treated from January 2012 and February 2015 were retrospectively studied. According to whether receiving the early total care mode, the patients were divided into 2 groups, 34 cases were diagnosed and treated with early total care pattern (ETC group), including 14 males and 20 females with an average age of (74.88 ± 4.38) years old ranging from 70 to 86. According to Evans types, 4 cases were type I, 5 cases were type II, 13 cases were type III, 11 cases were type IV, 1 case was type V. Seventy-two patients were treated with conventional trauma method (conventional group), including 35 males and 37 females with an average age of (74.46 ± 3.63) years old ranging from 70 to 85. According to Evans type, 8 cases were type I ,13 cases were type II, 25 cases were type III, 25 cases were type IV, and 1 case was type V. All fractures were treated with proximal femoral nails anti-rotation (PFNA). Operative time, hospital stays, leaving bed time, complications, cases of death at 1 year after operation, postoperative Harris score at 12 months were observed and compared.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up, the time of ETC group ranged from 9 to 18 months with an average of 13.29 ± 1.51, and the time in conventional group ranged from 12 to 16 months with an average 12.93 ± 1.15, while there was no significant difference between two groups in time of following-up (t = 1.368, P = 0.174). There was no significant meaning in cases of death between ETC group (2 cases) and conventional group (8 cases). Three cases occurred complications in ETC group, and 20 cases in conventional group,there was obvious meaning between two groups (χ² = 0.739, P = 0.318). Operative time,hospital stays,leaving bed time in ETC group respectively was (2.03 ± 0.67) d, (15.41 ± 2.87) d and (3.62 ± 0.74) d; while in conventional group respectively was (4.17 ± 1.59) d, (20.11 ± 4.24) d and (5.35 ± 1.22) d; there were significant differences between two groups in operative time, hospital stays, leaving bed time. Postoperative Harris scores at 12 months in ETC group was (82.32 ± 4.56), and (79.24 ± 5.52) in conventional group, there was obvious meaning between two groups (t = 2.833, P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONETC pattern is a novel method for diagnosis and treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures in elderly, it could shorten operative time, hospital stays, leaving bed time, decrease complications and promote recovery of function.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Femur ; injuries ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Hip Joint ; surgery ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Care ; Retrospective Studies

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment not only for various mental disorders including depression, mania, and schizophrenia, but also for inadequacy and resistance to pharmacotherapy and the psychiatric emergences. The historical ups and downs of ECT treatment since its first introduction in 1938 were ended by the validation impacts of evidence-based medicine in the 1980s and by other clinical issues. Clinical research for the optimization of ECT to maximize therapeutic effects and to minimize adverse effects is ongoing to establish standardized procedures and educational programs through the ECT center. In addition, guidelines for ECT practices are also being developed for the clinical excellence of ECT practices in accordance with the recommendations of international organizations such as World Psychiatric Association and American Psychiatric Association. This article was prepared by reviews of the literature, direct observations of ECT practices abroad, and interviews with ECT experts around the world in order to enhance therapeutic effects with recently updated ECT practices under the belief that the most appropriate treatments should be provided to the patients in need.
Bipolar Disorder ; Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Electroconvulsive Therapy* ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: We explored the prognostic significance of obesity for the surgical and hormonal treatment of prostate cancer in correlation with the other prognostic factors such as Gleason's sum, the clinicopathologic stage, and the pre- and post treatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on 132 consecutive patients who had received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (108 patients) or radical prostatectomy (24 patients) under the diagnosis of prostate cancer via transrectal prostatic biopsy from July 1993 to May 2003 in our hospital. Obesity was evaluated in terms of the body mass index (BMI), and the patients were categorized into four groups according to the National Institute of Health (NIH) classification. The relationship between the BMI and the other prognostic factors were statistically analyzed by One-way ANOVA test and the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: There were no significant associations between the BMI and any of the measured clinical and pathological parameters except for the time to hormone failure and biochemical recurrence. In the ADI group, the mean time to hormone failure was significantly longer in case of the low BMI group compared to the normal and overweight groups (p<0.006). Sperman's correlation analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between the BMI and the PSA free survival after radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings showed that the BMI is closely related to the failure to hormone treatment after ADI and the BMI was also related to the biological failures after radical prostatectomy.
Biopsy ; Body Mass Index ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Obesity* ; Overweight ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatectomy* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies