The Flow cytometric analysis of DNA in tumors have been reported to reflect the cellular activities and proliferative rates. Currently, it has been used to predict the prognosis and responsiveness of tumors to various modality of therapy. The author analyzed thirty seven meningiomas(7 syncytial, 9 transitional, 6 fibroblastic, 9 angioblastic, 6 atypical) using paraffinembeddede tissues. The ploidy pattern and relative value(%) in the GO/GI, S, and G2/M phases were calculated for each specimen. In our series, All were diploid types except 6 meningiomas(2 syncytial, 2 angioblastic, 2 atypical). Diploidy with weak tetraploidy(upto 10%) was found in 8 cases(40% of atypical, 33% of fibrobiastic and transitional) but not in syncytial meningioma. Diploidy with strong teraploigy(10-25%) was found in 1 transitional, 1 angioblastic meningioma. There was wide variation in 4C values even in the same subgroups of meningiomas. The distribution of P. I values is even and lower especially in fibroblastic meningiomas. On the contrary, the distribution of P. I values is relatively uneven and highly variable in other types of meningiomas & even in the same subgroups of meningiomas except fibroblastic meningioma. The prediction of recurrences in operated cases remained further investigation due to lack of long-term follow-up.
Diploidy ; DNA* ; Fibroblasts ; Flow Cytometry ; Meningioma* ; Ploidies ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

Of the many potential source of free radial generation, the enzyme xanthine oxidase has been shown to be important in ischemia in non-cerebral tissues. Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in various pathological conditions including ischemia. Xanthine oxidase serve as a source of oxidizing agents such as superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. It is investigated that the effect of a specific xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, on infarct size in a model of continuous partial cerebral ischemia in rats. Infarct volume was measured by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining of brains removed 24 hours after middle cerebral arterial occlusion. Cortical tissue was more effectively protected than basal tissue, especially in allopurinol pretreated group. On histological examinations, hemispheric swelling, PMN cell infiltration and endothelial damage were noted irrespective of allopurinol treatment. It was speculated that free radicals are important in infarction secondary to partial continuous cerebral ischemia and that xanthine oxidase may by the primary source of these radicals.
Allopurinol* ; Animals ; Brain Infarction* ; Brain Ischemia ; Brain* ; Free Radicals ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Infarction ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Ischemia ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Oxidants ; Rats ; Superoxides ; Xanthine Oxidase

The surgeries based on the outpstient department have increased recently. One of the indications of outpatient surgery is chemical peeling of the face that usually re- quires only deep sedation of short duration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effeets of ketamine and midszolam for out patient facial chemical peeling. Fifty-nine unpremedicated patients undergoing chemical peeling of the face were anesthetized with bolus intravenous injection of 1mg/kg of ketamine and 0.1 mg/kg of midazolam. Additional dose of ketamine(10-20mg) was given as needed. During operation, we observed systolic and diastolic blood pressure with noninvasive blood pressure monitor and peripheral oxygen saturation(SpO2) with pulse oximeter. All patients were allowed to breathe spontane- ously without ventilatory support during the operation. There was no case of airway ob- struction and SpO2 value was over 97% in most cases. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were increased after the injection of ketamine and midazolam. And we observed the untoward effect of anesthetics such as the purposeless movement(6.8%), involuntary phonation(3.4%), skin rash(3.4%) and headache(1.7%). In postoperative analysis about the recall, bad dream, mood, and the degree of satisfaction of this type of anesthesia, the rate of patient's positive acceptance was high(86.4%) and the reeovery time was 58min. We conclude that combination of intravenous ketamine and midszolam can produce satisfactory anesthesia with few complications for outpatient chemical peeling surgery of the face.
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; Deep Sedation ; Dreams ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Ketamine ; Midazolam ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Outpatients ; Oxygen ; Skin

Immunohistochemical study of gliomas was maed using the indirect Avidin-Biotin Complex(ABC) method in order to investigate the presence and patterns of distribution of GFAP, neurofilament, and S-100 protein in 37 cases of human gliomas. Generally, two immunostaining patterns were observed; perikaryal and diffuse fibrillary background staining. All of the glial tumor cases were stained positively for GFAP except for the 3 oligodendrogliomas. The S-100 protein was sensitive for all the glial tumors and for neurofilament, in about half of the cases. These observations support previous reports that GFAP is specific for astrocytes, and that S-100 protein is sensitive, but not specific for glial tumors. Furthermore, our data suggest that immunostaining patterns of G.M. is different from that of astrocytoma grad II and III.
Astrocytes ; Astrocytoma ; Glioma* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Oligodendroglioma ; S100 Proteins*

Lymphoproliferative disorders are among the most serious and potentially fatal complications of chronic immunosuppression in organ transplant recipients. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is the second common malignancy occurring in patients with kidney transplantation and has a high mortality rate. The pathogenesis of PTLD in most cases appears to be related to B cell proliferation induced by infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the setting of chronic immunosuppression. The PTLD may present a solitary tumor around the hilum of transplant kidney, but it may not by easily considered as the cause of hydronephrosis in transplant kidney because the prevalence of PTLD is low and surgical complications such as lymphocele, stricture and hematoma that obstruct the transplant ureter are much more common. Early detection is important because reduction of immunosuppressive agents may reverse progression of the disease. Furthermore, several effective treatment options were recently introduced. Here we report a case of PTLD presenting with hydronephrosis, which was completely resolved by a multimodality therapeutic approach.
Cell Proliferation ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Hematoma ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Immunosuppression ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Lymphocele ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders* ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Transplants ; Ureter

We studied the status of estrogen(ER) and progesterone(PR) receptors in meningiomas removed from 32 patients, using immunoperoxidase(IP) assays. PR were detected in 72% of the cases & ER were detected in 31%. The possible correlation between age, sex, histological type, ploidy pattern and proliferation index values with steroid receptor activity were discussed. The date suggest that the majority of meningiomas contain high affinity receptors for progesterone, that estrogen receptors are present in only a few meningiomas.
Estrogens* ; Humans ; Meningioma* ; Ploidies ; Progesterone* ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Receptors, Progesterone* ; Receptors, Steroid

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a major cause of death in premature neonates, and it is caused by the failure of morphological and biochemical lung maturation (synthesis and secretion of lung surfactant). It is known that cortisol, thyroxine, prolactin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and estrogen accelerate the lung maturation. Cortisol and thyroxine are currently used in the antenatal treatment for the prevention of RDS in premature neonates. In order to evaluate the effect of EGF on the levels of cortsol, thyroxine, and prolactin, this study was undertaken. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with and without EGF was directly injected into the 25 days gestational fetus in uterus. Blood was collected for the measurement of cortisol, thyroxine, and prolactin one day or two days after the injection. Body weights and lung weights were also measured. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in body weights and lung weights between PBS-treated group(control group) and EGF-treated poup(experimental group), 24 hours and 48 hours after the injection. 2. 24 hours after the injection, the levels of cortisol were significantly inaeased in the EGF-treated group compared with those in the PBS-treated group. However 48 hours after the injection, there was no significant difference in the levels of cortisol between the two groups. The levels of thyroxine and prolactin in the EGF-treated group did not significantly differ from those in the PBS-treated group 24 hours and 48 hours after the injection. In conclusion, in vivo, the synthesis of cortisol may be affected by EGF treatment, which suggests that the action of EGF for lung maturation may be partially mediated by the increased endogenous levels of cortisol.
Body Weight ; Cause of Death ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Estrogens ; Fetus ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung ; Prolactin* ; Rabbits* ; Thyroxine* ; Uterus ; Weights and Measures

Functional loss of the tumor suppressor gene p53 is one of the most frequently detected and diffusely distributed findings among human cancers. Their mutant protein products or point mutations can be detected through immunohistochemistry(IHC) or polymerase chain reaction and single stranded conformational polymorphism(PCR-SSCP). Evaluation of the DNA content of the tumor cell by flow cytometry(FCM) can provide indirect evidence of the functional loss of p53, because the spindle checkpoint in the mitotic phase depends on p53. To evaluate the correlation between p53 mutation and the status of lymph node metastasis or the histological grade of the tumor cell, IHC, SSCP, and FCM in the same tissue was performed from 43 patients of human breast cancer. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Functional loss of p53 was detected in 81.4% of the breast cancer cases by using triple tests and 58.1% at the cases by double test(IHC and SSCP). Positive rates by single test were 41.8% by IHC, 44.2% by SSCP, and 58.1% by FCM. 2. For breast carcinomas no correlation between lymph-node metastasis and the functional loss of p53 detected by IHC or SSCP. 3. The correlation between the functional loss of p53 detected by IHC or SSCP and the aneuploidy of the tumor cells was statistically significant. 4. The triple tests revealed a functional loss of p53 in all cases of grade III breast cancer.
Aneuploidy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; DNA* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mutant Proteins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ploidies* ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational

The tumorous type of endobronchial tuberculosis was reported to be 5 to 10% in the bronchoscopic examination. It was protruding mass that tuberculous mediastinal lymph node ruptured into the bronchial lumen. Generally histologic examination has been performed for purpose of differentiation, because the tumorous type of endobronchial tuberculosis simulate lung cancer in bronchoscopic finding. A case considering operation similar to bronchial adenoma in the bronchoscopic finding was confirmed to endobronchial tuberculosis by positive AFB and disapperance of mass after antituberculosis medication. Case history was presented and reviewed.
Adenoma* ; Bronchoscopy ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Tuberculosis*

The authors has investigated the effect of intracisternal urokinase on the multihemorrhage canine model of chronic post-subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) hydrocephalus. Each of 16 adult mongrel dogs was assigned to one of two experimental groups. All animals received a total of 13ml of fresh unheparinized autologous blood via three cisternal injections. Eight animals were treated by intracisternal injection of 20,000 IU of Urokinase every 12 hours for 3 days, and the remaining were not treated. The changes in ventricular volumes were measured by computed tomography(CT) before and 3 months after the initial subarachnoid blood injection. To compare the changes of hydrodynamic properties in chronic phases of post-SAH hydrocephalus, the pressure-volume index(PVI) technique of bolus manipulation of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) was used to measure the volume-buffering capacity of neural axis and the resistance to the absorption of CSF(before SAH, post-SAH 1 month, 3 months). The final ventricular volume at 3 months of control group was 4 times greater than the initial volume, but Urokinase group less than two times. The mean measured PVI values of control group and Urokinase group were 3.98+/-0.76ml(+/- standard deviation(SD)) and 4.01+/-0.82ml in baseline study, 3.09+/-0.96ml and 3.70+/-0.84ml in post-SAH 3 months. The mean resistance of CSF outflow of control group and Urokinase group were 10.30+/-2.24mm Hg/ml/min), and 10.34+/-1.98mm Hg/ml/min in baseline study. At 1 month and 3 months after SAH control group maintained high absorptive resistance(29.54+/-11.50mm Hg/ml/min, 22.43+/-3.82mm Hg/ml/min), whereas the resistances of Urokinase group were slightly increased and then returned to the original levels(16.04+/-4.87mm Hg/ml/min, 12.87+/-3.06mm Hg/ml/min). The results described in this experimental study indicated that if fibrinolysis of the subarachnoid blood clot can be achieved rapidly after SAH, the complicating chronic hydrocephalus might be prevented.
Absorption ; Adult ; Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Dogs ; Fibrinolysis ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Hydrodynamics ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator*