No abstract available.
Animals ; Cricetinae* ; Serotonin* ; Spinal Cord*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain Stem* ; Cricetinae* ; Raphe Nuclei* ; Serotonergic Neurons*

No abstract available.
Accidents, Occupational* ; Humans ; Spinal Injuries*

The authors examined 312 outpatients, including 100 with otorrhea, 144 with rhinorrhea and 68 with pharyngeal discharge. The pH of otorrhea was generally acid, except in 2 cases of diffuse otitis externa where the discharge was strongly alkalihe. Otorrhea in purulent otitis media was mucopurulent or purulent and was strongly acid. The pH of rhinorrhea ranged from 6.6 to 7.4, being generally weakly alkaline. In acute rhinitis, it was alkaline in half the cases; a tendency to greater alkalinity showed in cases of marked swelling of the inferior nasal conchae. In chronic paranasal sinusitis, the pH generally shifted to the acid side; in acute paranasal sinusitis and in nasal polyps, it was weakly alkaline in all cases; and in allergic rhinitis it was neutral with in a narrow range. the usual pH of oral and pharyngeal discharges ranged from 6.4 to 7.0, being generally weakly alkaline. The character of inflammatory discharges was serous or mucous in all cases, except for a case of peritonsillar abscess with mucopurulent discharge; the pH was weakly alkaline in 5 cases (7.4 per cent), neutral in 26 (38.2 per cent), and acid in 37 (54.4 per cent). When these discharges changed in character from seromucous to purulent, their pH was lowered.
Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Nasal Polyps ; Otitis Externa ; Otitis Media, Suppurative ; Otolaryngology* ; Outpatients ; Peritonsillar Abscess ; Rhinitis ; Sinusitis ; Turbinates

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Cats* ; Laryngeal Nerves*

No abstract available.

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of gallamine triethiodide on the intraocular pressure during general anesthesia for intraocular surgery. Twenty patients in the American Society of Anesthesiologists, physical status l and ll, ages from 15 to 65 yeart with no eye or kidney diseases were studied during anesthesia for elective surgery. All were premedicated with 50mg of meperideine and 0.4mg of atropine. Before induction intraocular pressure was measured under topical anesthesia with 0.5% tetracaine in the eye control value determined. Anesthesia was induced with 5mg/kg of 2.5% thiopental and 1mg/kg of succinylcholine. The intraocular pressure was measured after endotracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with 2mg/kg of meperidine, nitrous oxide and oxygen. On the return of spontaneous respiration following succinylcholine, 2mg/kg of gallamine triethlodide was administered. Subsequent measurements were made 10 and 20 minutes after gallamine triethiodide administration, respectively. The results were as follows: 1) Succinylcholine caused a significant rise in intrascocular pressure. 2) Gallamine triethiodide caused a slight decrease in intraocular pressure 10 and 20 minutes after administration.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Atropine ; Gallamine Triethiodide* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Kidney Diseases ; Meperidine ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Respiration ; Succinylcholine ; Tetracaine ; Thiopental

X-linked dominant mutations in lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) gene have been shown to be the cause of Danon disease, which is a rare disease associated with clinical triad of cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and mental retardation. Cardiac involvement is a common manifestation and is the leading cause of death in Danon disease. We report a case of a 24-month-old boy with hemizygous LAMP2 mutation who presented with failure to thrive and early-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We applied targeted exome sequencing and found a novel hemizygous c.692del variant in exon 5 of the LAMP2 gene, resulting a frameshift mutation p.Thr231Ilefs*11. Our study indicates that target next-generation sequencing can be used as a fast and highly sensitive screening method for inherited cardiomyopathy.
Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic* ; Cause of Death ; Child, Preschool ; Exome* ; Exons ; Failure to Thrive ; Frameshift Mutation ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type IIb ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2 ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Membrane Proteins ; Methods ; Muscular Diseases ; Rare Diseases

PURPOSE: The neural processing of children with overweight/obesity (CWO), may affect their eating behavior. We investigated the visual information processing of CWO under response control condition, by event-related potential (ERP) study, an electrophysiologic study for cognitive mechanism. METHODS: Seventeen CWO (mean age: 10.6±1.9), and 17 age-matched non-obese children (NOC), participated in the study. Neurocognitive function tests and visual ERP under Go/NoGo conditions, were implemented. Area amplitudes of major ERP components (P1, N1, P2, N2, and P3) from four scalp locations (frontal, central, parietal, and occipital), were analyzed. RESULTS: For Go and NoGo conditions, CWO had significantly greater occipital P1, fronto-central N1, and P2 amplitudes compared with NOC. P2 amplitude was significantly greater in CWO, than in NOC, at the frontal location. N2 amplitude was not significantly different, between CWO and NOC. For CWO and NOC, Go P3 amplitude was highest at the parietal location, and NoGo P3 amplitude was highest at the frontal location. In Go and NoGo conditions, P3 amplitude of CWO was significantly less than in NOC. CONCLUSION: The greater P1, N1, and P2 suggested hyper-vigilance to visual stimuli of CWO, but the smaller P3 suggested insufficient mental representation of them. Such altered visual processing, may affect the eating behavior of CWO.
Automatic Data Processing ; Child ; Evoked Potentials ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Obesity ; Rabeprazole ; Scalp

The presence of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage on the initial computerized tomographic scans has been known to be associated with worse results. By means of a simple and reliable computerized tomographic grade system proposed by Greene and his colleagues, prognostic factors of the traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage was significantly related to clinical outcome at the time of discharge from acute hospitalization. Between February 1992 and August 1995, 3975 patients were admitted to our department of neurosurgery due to head injury. Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed to ascertain the relationship of the thickness of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, its location, evidence of mass lesion(s), midline shift, obliteration of the basal cistern, and cortical sulcal effacement to outcome. Additionally, initial Glasgow coma scale score, arterial gas study, systemic blood pressure and prothrombin time were also analyzed for the same purpose. Among 3975 head-injured patients, 213 patients were identified to h ave traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage on the initial computerized tomographic scan. Among 213 traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, the patients treated with calcium channal blocker(32 patients) and 3 patients lost to follow-up were excluded from this study for a total of 178. The computerized tomographic scan findings were divided into a 3 grade system;Grade 1 indicating only traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, Grade 2 indicating traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage with mass lesion(s) , Grade 3 indicating traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage with mass lesion(s) and midline shift. All these data were compared to Glasgow outcome scale on discharge, and arbitrarily these were divided into the good(good recovery and moderate disability) and the bad(severe disability, vegetative state and death). The authors conclude that the contributing factors to outcome at discharge were as follows:1. midline shift(p=0.002), PT< or =70%(p<0.001), obliteration of the basal cistern(p=0.001) and cortical sulcal effacement(p=0.001) were shown to the statistically significant. 2. initial computerized tomographic grade contributed to outcome at discharge.
Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Neurosurgery ; Persistent Vegetative State ; Prothrombin Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Traumatic*