Bond strength of luting cements to dentin is a critical consideration for success of complete cast crowns. This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between surface characteristics of teeth prepared for complete cast crowns and retention of cemented restorations. Eighty artificial crowns were cast for standardized complete crown tooth preparations accomplished with the use of a special device on recently extracted human teeth. Coarse diamond(#102R, Shofu) and superfine finishing diamond(#SF102R, Shofu) burs of similar shape were used. Crowns in each group were randomly subdivided into four subgroups of 10 for luting cements selected for this study: zinc phosphate cement (FLECK'S), polycarboxylate cement (Poly-F), reinforced glass ionomer cement (Fuji PLUS), and adhesive resin cement (Panavia 21). Retention was evaluated by measuring the tensile load required to dislodge the artificial crown from tooth preparations with an Instron testing machine, and analysed by one-way ANOVA and Student's t-test. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. When tooth preparation was done with coarse diamond bur, retentive force was diminished in order of Panavia 21, Fuji PLUS, FLECK'S, and Poly-F. Retentive forces showed the significant difference between Fuji PLUS group and FLECK'S group(p<0.001). 2. When tooth preparation was done with superfine diamond bur, retentive force was diminished in order of Fuji PLUS, Panavia 21, FLECK'S and Poly-F. Retentive forces showed the significant difference between Panavia 21 group and FLECK'S group(p<0.001). 3. Retentive force in coarse tooth surfaces was significantly higher than that in superfine tooth surface with all luting cements(p<0.001), and cement residues were almost retained with in the cast crown in all groups.
Adhesives ; Crowns* ; Dental Instruments ; Dentin ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Humans ; Polycarboxylate Cement ; Resin Cements ; Tooth Preparation ; Tooth* ; Zinc Phosphate Cement

No abstract available.
MELAS Syndrome*

BACKGROUND: Increased frequency of comminuted clavicle mid-shaft fractures and importance of functional satisfaction through early joint exercise has resulted in higher emphasis on surgical treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical radiological results of treatment of clavicle mid-shaft fractures by open reduction and internal fixation using a plate with a small incision. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 80 clavicle mid-shaft fracture cases treated with internal fixation using a plate from October 2010 to July 2014. Clavicle mid-shaft fractures were internally fixated using anatomical plates or locking compression plates. Achievement of bone union, union period, and clavicle length shortening were evaluated radiologically, and clinical assessment was done by using Constant and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scores. RESULTS: All 80 cases were confirmed to have achieved bone union through radiographs with an average union period of 10.9 weeks (range: 7–18 weeks). The average clavicle length of shortening in the affected side was 1.8 mm (range: 0–17 mm). The average UCLA score and Constant score were 33.6 (range: 25–35) and 92.5 (range: 65–100), respectively. Regarding complications, four cases reported skin irritation by metal plates, and one case reported a screw insertion site fracture due to minor trauma history. CONCLUSIONS: We were able to induce successful bone union and obtain clinically satisfactory results in displaced mid-shaft fractures of the clavicle without major complications such as nonunion through treatment of internal fixation using a plate.
California ; Clavicle* ; Joints ; Skin

The recent hypothesis about the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been centered mainly on two theories, i.e. dopamine hypothesis and serotonin hypothesis. We investigate the correlations between plasma metabolite concentrations and clinical symptoms in schizophrenic patients. The purpose of our study was to examine whether the plasma levels of HVA(homovanillic acid) and 5-HIAA(hydroxyindoleacetic acid) are significantly different in schizophrenics, compared to normal controls. And, with the intention of clarifying the interaction between dopaminergic system and serotoninergic system, the ratio of HVA/5-HIAA also was measured. The second purpose was whether the basal(pre-treatment) levels of these metabolites show the correlation with clinical symptoms. Finally, third purpose was whether basal HVA and 5-HIAA levels can be held as a predictor of treatment response. We used scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms(SANS) as the clinical symptom rating scales. Our results were as followed, 1) only the level of basal plasma HVA was significantly differ in schizophrenics. 5-HIAA and HVA/5-HIAA were not. 2) basal HVA showed significant correlation with SAPS score, especially delusion subscale. 3) the higher was the basal HVA level, the more improvement in clinical symptoms was observed. The basal 5-HIAA level and the HVA/5-HIAA ratio did not show any significant findings. These results support the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, but fail to examine on the possible involvement of serotonin in schizophrenia.
Delusions ; Dopamine ; Homovanillic Acid* ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ; Intention ; Plasma* ; Psychopathology* ; Schizophrenia ; Serotonin ; Weights and Measures

The weightlifting is a sort of the sport, which has objects to promote the physical condition and to develop the fundamental strength in the adolescent period, but thete been no interests from the view points of sports injuries for weightlifting. So the authors have studied the changes in the lumbosacral region and wrist of the adolescent weightlifters and the results obtained are as follows; 1. The increase in the lumbosacral angle has a statistically significant relationship with the low back pain in the adolescent weightlifters. 2. The ulnar variance shows statistically significant increase than the control group and its increase seems to be a causative factor in developing wrist pain among the adolescent weightlifters.
Adolescent ; Athletic Injuries ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Lumbosacral Region ; Sports ; Wrist

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis treatment following hip fracture is well known to not enough. We previously performed intervention study for orthopaedic surgeon's education and reported twofold increase in osteoporosis detection and treatment rate observed between 2005 and 2007. This follow-up observational study was conducted to find out the rate in which a diagnostic workup and treatment for osteoporosis were done in patients with hip fracture. METHODS: Medical records and radiographs in patients who were older than 50 years and diagnosed as having femoral neck or intertrochanteric fractures at 8 hospitals in Jeju island, South Korea from 2008 to 2011 were reviewed. The numbers of patients who were studied with bone densitometry and who were treated for osteoporosis after the diagnosis of hip fracture were analyzed. RESULTS: Nine hundred forty five hip fractures (201 in 2008, 257 in 2009, 265 in 2010, and 304 in 2011) occurred in 191 men and 754 women during the study periods. The mean age of the patients was 79.7 years. The mean rate of osteoporosis detection using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was 36.4% (344/945 hips) (ranged from 24.2% in 2009 to 40.5% in 2011). The mean initiation rate of osteoporosis treatment was 23.1% (218/945 hips) (ranged from 20% in 2009 to 29% in 2008). CONCLUSIONS: Detection and treatment rate of osteoporosis following hip fracture during follow-up periods was still not enough. Additional intervention studies are required to further improvement of osteoporosis treatment rates after hip fracture.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density Conservation Agents ; Cohort Studies* ; Clinical Trial ; Densitometry ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Hip Fractures* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Medical Records ; Observational Study ; Osteoporosis*

PURPOSE: Although the incidence of a second hip fracture is relatively well described, mortality and morbidity after a second hip fracture are seldom evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, morbidity, and mid-term mortality of a second hip fracture and evaluate the cause of death after a second hip fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Information on patients older than 50 years, who sustained a subsequent hip fracture, were obtained from the records of eight Jeju Island hospitals between 2002 and 2011 to calculate the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of hip fractures in this age group. All patients were followed a minimum of 2 years. A systemic search for death certificates at the National Statistical Office was conducted for patients who were lost to follow-up. RESULTS: Of 2,055 hip fractures (419 men and 1,636 women), 98 were second hip fractures (13 men and 85 women) during the study period. The mean ages of the patients at the time of the first and second fractures were 78.8 and 80.8 years, respectively. The incidence of a subsequent hip fracture among the first hip fracture was 4.8%. Mean mortality rates at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years were 10.5%, 15.2%, 23.5%, and 42.0% respectively. Cumulative mortality after the second hip fracture at the 5 years follow-up was 41.8%. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that a secondary fracture prevention program is necessary to prevent second hip fractures in elderly patients.
Aged ; Cause of Death ; Cohort Studies* ; Death Certificates ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Fractures ; Hip* ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Male ; Mortality*

Severe ankle sprain secondarily leads to chronic lateral ankle instability in 20-30%. Many surgical procedures have been presented for reconstruction of the lateral ankle instability, but controversy still remains for the ideal surgical option. Brostrom procedure or its modifications have been widely used but they have some limitations for the instabilities for the over-weight, physically high demanding patients and especially for significantly deficient or attenuated ligaments. Moreover the tenodesis procedures using peroneus brevis tendon are non-anatomical and sacrifice important lateral stabilizing tendon. Therefore recently, many reconstructive procedures for lateral ankle instability utilizing free allograft or autograft tendon have been introduced to anatomically stabilize the lateral ligaments to various degrees.
Animals ; Ankle ; Collateral Ligaments ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Sprains and Strains ; Tendons ; Tenodesis ; Transplantation, Homologous

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the surgical outcomes of plate fixation using autologous iliac bone graft shaped in the form of a matchstick in clavicle nonunion resulting from prior surgical or non-surgical management. METHODS: From May 2005 to February 2013, 17 patients underwent surgery for clavicle nonunion. The mean age at the time of surgery was 48.8 years. The iliac bone was harvested and shaped into slivers approximately 3 cm long, which resembled matchsticks. After opening of the medullary canal, the plate and screws were applied and cancellous bone was placed at the nonunion site. Matchstick bone grafts which were longitudinally placed and encircled on the nonunion site were tied with periosteum using 3–4 stitches. Union was determined via postoperative plane X-ray. Clinical status was evaluated using the visual analogue scale score for pain, and Constant and American Shoulder Elbow Surgeon score. RESULTS: All patients had a stable radiological union at the follow-up. The mean duration from index operation to nonunion operation was 13.2 months (7–32 months). The mean follow-up period was 20.1 months (8–56 months), and the mean duration until union was 11.2 weeks (8–16 weeks). All clinical scores were improved at the final follow-up (p<0.001). The mean segmental defect was 3.3 ± 2.6 mm (1–18 mm); and the difference in clavicular length between operative and non-operative site was 5.9 ± 6.9 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Matchstick shaped autologous iliac bone grafting technique in clavicle nonunion is acceptable with a high union rate.
Bone Transplantation ; Clavicle* ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Periosteum ; Shoulder ; Transplants

No abstract available.