We investigated the 1,004 workers who worked in a automobile factory to study the epidemiologic characterist of dermatoses due to cutting oils. Among the workers, 667(66.4%) answered the questionnaire. They are belong to 5 departments of the factory-the Engine-Work(86), Power train Assembly(17). We measured the oil mist concentration in air of the departments and examined the workers who had dermatologic symptoms. The results were follows; 1) Oil mist concentration; Of all measured points(52), 9 points(17.2%) exceeded 5mg/m3-the time-weighed PEL- and one department had a upper confidence limit(95%) higher than 5mg/m3. 2) Dermatologists examined 213 workers. 172 of them complained any skin symptoms at that time-itching(32.5%), papule(21.6%), scale(15.7%), vesicle(12.5%) in order. The abnormal skin site found by dermatologist were palm(29.3%), finger & nail(24.6%), forearm(16.2%), back of hand(8.4%) in order. 3) As the result of physical examination, we found that 160 workers had skin diseases. Contact dermatitis was the most common; 69 workers had contact dermatitis alone(43.1%), 11 had contact dermatitis with acne(6.9%), 10 had contact dermatitis with folliculitis(6.3%), 1 had contact dermatitis with acne & folliculitis, and 1 had contact dermatitis with abnormal pigmentation. Others were folliculitis(9 workers, 5.6%), acne(8, 5.0%), folliculitis & acne(2, 1.2%), keratosis(1, 0.6%), abnormal pigmentation(1, 0.6%), and non-specific hand eczema(47, 29.3%). 4) The prevalence of any skin diseases was 34.0 per 100 in cutting oil users, and 13.3 per 100 in non-users. Especially, the prevalence of contact dermatitis was 23.0 per 100 in cutting oil users and 4.3 per 100 in non-users. 5) We tried patch test(standard series, oil series, organic solvents) on 49 patients to differentiate allergic contact dermatitis from irritant contact dermatitis and found 20 were positive. 6) In a multivariate analysis(independent=age, tenure, kinds of cutting oil), the risk of skin diseases was higher in the water-based cutting oil user and both oil user than non-user or neat oil user(odds ratio were 2.16 and 2.78, respectively). And the risk of contact dermatitis was much higher at the same groups(odds ratio were 5.16 and 6.82, respectively).
Acne Vulgaris ; Automobiles ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Fingers ; Folliculitis ; Hand ; Humans ; Oils ; Physical Examination ; Pigmentation ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

The purpose of this study was to evaluate racial differences in head posture and the influence of head posture to the craniofacial morphology. The sample group of this study was made up of 51 Korean males and 120 Scandinavian Caucasian males. From the comparison of the cranio-cervical angels and the variables of craniofacial morphology between them, the following results were obtained. 1. the cranio-cervical angle (NSL/OPT) was on average 9.28 degrees larger in Koreans. 2. The length of the anterior cranial base (N-S) was on average 4.66mm shorter in Koreans. 3. The length of the maxillary base (sp-pm and ss-pm) were on average 2.75mm and 4.65mm shorter in Koreans respectively, the anterior maxillary height (n-sp) was on average 2.60mm longer, the posterior dimension (s-pm) was found to be 2.06mm longer in Koreans, and the maxillary inclination (NSL/NL) was identical in both samples. 4. The mandibular body length (pg-tgo) and ramus height (ar-tgo) were identical in the two groups, but the gonial angle (ML/RL) was 3.22 degrees smaller and the mandibular plane inclination (NSL/ML) was 2.44 degrees larger in Koreans. 5. The maxillary prognathism (s-n-sp and s-n-ss) and the mandibular prognathism (s-n-ss) were identical in both samples. 6. The sagittal jaw relationship (ss-n-pg) was 1.44 degrees larger in the Koreans sample, but the vertical jaw relationship (NL/ML) was not significantly different. 7. The anterior facial height (n-gn) was 5.57mm longer in the Koreans sample. 8. The mandibular alveolar prognathism (CL/ML) was 5.71 defrees greater and the interincisal angle (ILs/ILi) was 3.08 degrees more acute in Koreans. Taken together these results, craniofacial morphology can be influenced by the head posture defined by cranio-cervical angulation.
Head* ; Humans ; Jaw ; Male ; Posture* ; Prognathism ; Skull Base

Fatal airway obstruction due to the presence of blood clot occurs in a variety of clinical settings. Initial efforts to remove an airway clot, if warranted, involve suctioning, lavage, and forceps extraction through a flexible bronchoscope. If unsuccessful, further management options include rigid bronchoscopy, balloon-tip embolectomy catheter dislodgement, and the application of topical thrombolytic agents. We report a case of complete airway obstruction that developed after the aspiration of a blood clot during emergency operative vessel ligation in a 86-year-old female patient with gastric ulcer bleeding. Initial conventional suctioning was unsuccessful, in this case, due to a large firmly adherent clot. Therefore we peformed the alternative suctioning technique using suction attached directly to the existing tracheal tube in situ, with the cuff deflated. However, repeated direct tracheal suctioning alone failed to prevent cardiac arrest. Thereafter, simultaneously with several CPR chest compressions, large cylindrical clots were sucked up by direct tracheal suctioning. Presumably simultaneous chest compression has the potential advantage of creating higher airway pressures that provide effective kinetic energy to obstructing object.
Aged, 80 and over ; Airway Obstruction ; Bronchoscopes ; Bronchoscopy ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Catheters ; Embolectomy ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; Heart Arrest* ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Ligation ; Resuscitation ; Stomach Ulcer ; Suction ; Surgical Instruments ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Thorax ; Trachea

BACKGROUND: Skin contact with metalworking fluid(MWF) remains a frequent cause of occupational dermatitis. However, no precise data is available about sensitization in metalworkers exposed to MWF in Korea. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of contact sensitivity among metalwokers who handle MWFs and to investigate the suitability of a screening test with MWFs being actually used in metalworkers. METHODS: An epidemiological study was performed using a'questionnaire in 771 workers in 9 derpartments of a motor company. 278 out of 771 workers had actual contact with MWF. Patch tests were performed in 73 metalworkers who had suspected dermatits in relation to exposure of MWF, which was selected via interviews and dermatologic examinations. Patch tests were included with a routine series of common components of MWF(materials obtained from Chemotechnique, Sweden), a solvent series and several dilutions of various crude MWFs(8 species) RESULTS: Contact sensitization was established in 14 metalworkers(5% of 278). Sensitising substances were biocide(6 cases), corrosion inhibitors(2 cases), emulsifiers(2 cases), biostatic substances(1 cses) and others(4 cases). Therefore 10 out of 14 metalworkers had true occupational allergic contact dermatitis. 10 out of 73 screening patch tests showed positive reactions to MWF elements, and 9 people who were positive to MWF elements showed positive reactions to crude MWF, but 1 person did not. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of occupational allergic contact dermatitis(3.5% of 278) was low. The screening patch test by crude MWFs actually used in metalworkers may give false negatives. Therefore for the purpose of diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis, we need a process of patch tests with MWF elements.
Corrosion ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Patch Tests ; Prevalence ; Skin ; Skin Diseases*

The authors analyzed statistically, 2,290 cases of anesthesia for emergency Cesarean section perfomed at Ewha Womans University Hospital from January 1978 to December 1982. The results are as follows: 1) The incidence of emergency Ceaarean section was 73.8% of total Cesarean sections. 2) The most common indication was CPD(41.4%). 3) The most common gestational age group was 38-42 weeks(85.2%). 4) In NPO time, general anesthesia was twice in more than 6 hours, but spinal anesthesia was twice in less than 6 hours. 5) General anesthesia was increaaed but spinal anesthesia was decreased during the five year period. 6) In estimated blood loss, less than 1,000 ml was 80.0%. 7) Neonates with poor Apgar score (0-3 point) were 5.9% which related to prolonged induction-delivery time and general anesthesia. 8) A drop in blood pressure developed within 5 minutes in 58.3% after spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Apgar Score ; Blood Pressure ; Cesarean Section* ; Emergencies* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy

Cytomegalovirus(CMV) rarely causes cutaneous rnanifestations. But since the recent development of organ transplants and the increased prevalence of AIDS, various skin manifestations of CMV infection such as varicelliform eruptions, perineal hulcerations, papular, purpurc and vesiculobllous lesions are increasing in immunocompromised subjects, Perineal ulceration is a typical cytomegalovirus-induced skin manifestation which exhibits similar morphology to herpes simplex viral infection. We describe a case of CMV-induced ulcer on labia majora in an AIDS patient, proven by histologic findings and immunohistochemistry. The patient was treated with ganciclovir and the lesion improved two months later.
Cytomegalovirus* ; Ganciclovir ; Herpes Simplex ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prevalence ; Skin Manifestations ; Transplants ; Ulcer*

Around the time of recovery from general anesthesia we usually use atropine and neostigmine to counteract the effect of muscle relaxant that is remaining in the body. We used various kinds of combinations of atropine and neostigmine to see the effect of them on heart rate. The combinations were as follows: I) atropine 0.02mg/kg+neostigmine 0. 02mg/kg. 2) atropine 0. 2mg /kg+neostigmine 0.03mg/kg. 3) atropine 0. 02mg/kg+neostigmine 0.04mg/kg. 4) atropine 0.02mg/kg+neostigmine 0.05mg/kg. 5) atropine 0.02mg/kg+neostigmine 0.06mg/kg. 6) atropine 0.02mg/kg+neostigmine 0.07mg/kg. Ten subjects(ps.I.ASA) were taken for each combination. Thus total sample size of the six combinations were sixty, Each study has been performed in the state of ASA P.S.1, and anesthetized for b but two hours. N2O-O2-Halothane technique was used for anesthesia. The dosage of pancuronium was 0. 08mg/kg. The age distribution of the sample was 2 to 60, and male to female ratio was 4 to 6. We came to the following conclusions from this study. 1) Types of dosage combinations those caused little change in heart rate were; atrop!ne 0.02mg/kg+neostigmine 0.02mg/kg, and atropine 0.02mg/kg+ neostigmine 0.03mg/kg. 2) Just after the simultaneous injection of the drugs, there appeared mild tachycardia, but fifteen minutes after the administration severe bradycardia came on and, after that the heart rate returned to normal. 3) The combinations which included neostigmine, more than 0. 04mg/kg, caused severe braycardia, and the most severe bradycardia was seen with a combination of atropine 0.02mg/kg and neostigmine 0.06mg/kg.
Age Distribution ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Atropine* ; Bradycardia ; Female ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Male ; Neostigmine* ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Pancuronium ; Sample Size ; Tachycardia

Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon but potentially fatal disorder. Most cases have no adverse clinical consequence and require no treatment, but methemoglobinemia is often overlooked as a cause of low oxygen saturation, and often mistaken for the more common causes of hypoxia by anesthesiologists despite simple bedside tests that indicate the presence of this treatable abnormality. We present a 68-year-old female patient who underwent gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer with bleeding. In the preoperative period, the patient showed cyanosis and oxygen saturation was 85% by pulse oximeter, but oxygen saturation by arterial blood gas analysis was 100%. After tracheal intubation, the methemoglobin level was 18.3%. Ascorbic acid and methylene blue were administered. During preanesthetic evaluation, the patient had not informed the anesthesiologist that she had been taking dapsone.
Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Anoxia ; Ascorbic Acid ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Cyanosis ; Dapsone ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intubation ; Methemoglobin ; Methemoglobinemia ; Methylene Blue ; Oximetry ; Oxygen ; Preoperative Period ; Stomach Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Pyelonephritis*

Cyclin D1, a cell cycle regulator essential for G1 phase progression, is a candidate proto-oncogene implicated in pathogenesis of several human carcinomas including breast carcinoma. We studied the cyclin D1 expression in 101 cases of primary breast carcinoma tissues. The overexpression of cyclin D1 was immunohistochemically demonstrated in 34 (37.8%) of 90 cases of invasive breast carcinoma. Positive cyclin D1 staining was seen in 32 of 79 invasive ductal carcinomas, and 2 of 3 mucinous carcinomas. All 5 medullary carcinomas, 2 invasive lobular carcinomas, and 1 metaplastic carcinoma were negative. Cyclin D1 overexpression was observed in 9 of 11 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Normal epithelial components, either ductal or lobular, were not immunoreactive for cyclin D1. No significant correlations were observed between cyclin D1 immunoreactivity and other parameters including tumor size, clinical stage, nuclear or histologic grades, lymphatic or angioinvasion, lymph node metastasis, and immunohistochemical status of progesterone receptor, p53 and c-erbB-2. The overexpression of cyclin D1 was positively correlated with estrogen receptor status (p=0.025). Based on our results, the cyclin D1 protein aberration may play a role in tumorigenesis of breast carcinoma, but does not seem to have prognostic value in invasive breast carcinoma without hormonal treatment.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; Estrogens ; G1 Phase ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptors, Progesterone