No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Choledocholithiasis*

No abstract available.
Jaundice, Obstructive*

No abstract available.
Colon*

No abstract available.
Peptic Ulcer*

PURPOSE: To describe the appearance and average thickness of the internal anal sphincter with anal endosonography in healthy Korean adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 184 subjects(male: 96, female: 88) with no history of anorectal disease or surgery were studied with anal endosonography. The average thickness of internal sphincter was meas ured at the mid-anal canal. For the internal sphincter, which is often asymmetric, the thickness of each 4 part(12, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock direction) were measured in left lateral decubitus position. RESULTS: The anal wall was well visualized in 5 layers(mucosa, submucosa, internal anal sphincter, intersphincteric plane, external anal sphincter) with anal endosonography. The anal endosonogram showed the internal anal sphincter as a homogenous, well-defined, hypoechoic, circular band, and slightly asymmetric. The average thickness of the internal anal sphincter in the area of mid-anal portion was 2.0 0.3 mm(range: 1~3 mm). There was no sexual difference; however, a significant positive correlation with age was found in average thickness of the internal anal sphincter. The correlation with lean body mass was not found. CONCLUSION: The internal anal sphincter is well-visualized, best defined structure by anal endosonography. Average thickeness of the sphincter in Korean appeared to be the same as in the Western.
Adult* ; Anal Canal* ; Endosonography ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Forehead* ; Methylmethacrylate*

More intraoperative and postoperative complications of diabetic vitrectomy may result in poor visual prognosis. Sixty eye (49 patients) underwent vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Iatrogenic retinal breaks occurred in 6 (10%) of 60 eyes. Postoperative vitreous emorrhage was complicated in 13 (21%) of 60 eyes. Postoperative vitreous hemorrhage cleared spontaneously in one eye. Fluid-air exchange alone was successful in clearing the vitreous cavity in 4 eyes. Two eyes in which clearing does not occur in the postexchange period underwent repeated vitrectomy. Remaining 6 eyes required repeated vitrectomy. Choroidal effusion occurred in 4 eyes (7%) and resolved spontaneously within one week. Neovascular glaucoma occurred in 4 eyes (7%) and was treated with glaucoma implant surgery in 2 eyes, trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C in 1 ye, and cyclophotocoagulation in 1 eye. Retinal detachment developed postoperatively in 3 eyes (5%) and was treated successfully. Corneal epithelial defect persisting more than one week was present in 2 eyes (3%). Accidental mechanical lens damage occurred in one eye. The anatomical success rate was 98% (59 eyes). Visual acuity of 0.025 or better was obtained in 49 eyes (82%). Minimizing intraoperative complications as well as properly managing postoperative complications produced better surgical results.
Choroid ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Incidence* ; Intraoperative Complications ; Mitomycin ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Trabeculectomy ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

The adult trematodes, Fasciola hepatica, Eurytrema pancreaticum and Paramphistomum cervi, employed in this experiment were obtained from the cattle slaughtered at the local abbatoir. The worms selected and washed several times in normal sterilized saline solution. Each about ten of intact F. hepatica, fourty of E. pancreaticum, and twenty of P. cervi were incubated in 50 cc volume of special incubation flasks with incubation medium consisting of 10 cc. of Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer(pH 7.4) The incubation medium was added C(14)-1-acetate and non-radioactive carrier Na-acetate so as to contain acetate concentration of 50 mg per cent . The worms were allowed to incubate for 5 hours in the Dubnoff metabolic shaking incubator at 38 C. After incubation period, respiratory CO(2) samples from central well of incubation flask were analysed for total CO(2) production rate and their specific activity of respiratory CO(2). The lactate and pyruvate appearance rates were determined by analyzing the lactate and pyruvate concentration in a medium after incubation. The glycogen samples isolated from worms were analyzed for the tissue concentration and their radioactivities in order to determine the turnover rate of glycogen pool. Radioactivities of these series of experiments were counted by an endwindow Geiger-Muller counter as an infinitely thin samples. The quantitative analysis of C(14)-acetate utilized by F. hepatica, E. pancreaticum and P. cervi were compared and discussed in this report. According to these data of the experiment, it is suggested that the fatty acid such as acetate may play a part of their oxidative process into the respiratory CO2 and the synthetic process into glycogen in the above species of trematodes.
parasitology ; helminth ; trematoda ; Fasciola hepatica ; Eurytrema pancreaticum ; Paramphistomum cervi ; acetate ; metabolism ; biochemistry ; CO(2) ; glycogen ; Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer