No abstract available.
Lissencephaly* ; Walker-Warburg Syndrome

The May-Hegglin anomaly is a rare autosomal dominant trait characterized by platelet abnormalities in the peripheral blood and large (up to 5mu) pale blue staining inclusions in the cytoplasm of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes. We experienced a case of May-Hegglin anomaly in a 7 year old male and another case out of his family. His initial complaints at the admission were petechiae and intermittent epistaxis. Diagnosis was confirmed by peripheral blood smear and family study. We report the case with brief review of related literature.
Basophils ; Blood Platelets ; Child ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Epistaxis ; Humans ; Male ; Monocytes ; Neutrophils ; Purpura

The changes of electroencephalogram(EEG) in patients with dementia are most commonly studied by analyzing power or magnitude in certain traditionally defined frequency bands. However because of the absence of on identified metric which quantifies the complex amount of information, there are many limitations in using such a linear method. According to chaos theory, irregular signals of EEG cal also result from low dimensional deterministic chaos. Chaotic nonlinear dynamics in the EEG can be studied by calculating the correlation dimension. The authors have analyzed EEG epochs from three patients with dementia of Alzheimer type and three matched control subject. The result showed that patients with dementia of Alzheimer type had significantly lower correlation dimension than non-demented controls on 12 channels. Topographic analysis showed that the correlation dimensions were significantly lower in patients with Alzheimer's disease on frontal, temporal, central, and occipital head regions. These results show that brains of patients with dementia with dementia of Alzheimer type have a decreased complexity of electrophysiological behavior. We conclude that the nonlinear analysis such as calculating correlation dimension can be a promising tool for detecting changes in the complexity of brain dynamics.
Alzheimer Disease ; Brain ; Dementia* ; Electroencephalography* ; Head ; Humans ; Nonlinear Dynamics*

No abstract available.
Subarachnoid Space* ; Syringomyelia*

No abstract available.
Epidural Abscess* ; Spondylitis*

The rapid development of psychotropic drugs and great advancement in psychopharmacology during the past recent years has altered the strategy of pharmacotherapy for major psychiatric disorders, and in turn, an active development of various clinical practice guidelines or algorithm has taken place. However, there could be problems with applying the foreign guidelines directly to our clinical situation, due to the differences in racial characteristics, socioeconomic conditions, government policy, and clinical practices. In addition, the changes of circumstances outside of clinical situation in Korea may distort clinical practices and may go even against the trend of recent psychopharmacology. As a solution to such problems, Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Major Psychiatric Disorders (KMAP) was launched with the support from the Korean Society of Psychopharmacology and Korean Academy of Schizophrenia. However, since clinical practice guidelines and algorithms contain not only the advantages, but also disadvantages and risks, sufficient consideration must precede the development of algorithms. Hence, this review provides a discussion on the definition of clinical guideline and its limitation, its advantages and disadvantages, and the need for the development of clinical guideline in psychiatric field. Also, developing source, dissemination and implementation of clinical practice guidelines were also discussed. We hope that this review can make the purpose of KMAP clear and elicit the productive criticism on Korean algorithm.
Drug Therapy ; Hope ; Korea ; Psychopharmacology ; Psychotropic Drugs ; Schizophrenia

Adult ; Anesthesia ; Colloids ; Dizziness ; Equidae ; Fluid Therapy ; Headache ; Humans ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Pulmonary Edema ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Stages ; Surgery, Oral ; Thirst

No abstract available.
Central Nervous System*

Ultrasonography is a simple, noninvasive and relatively accurate method to differentiate carcinomas from stones in the extrahepatic biliary tree. We analysed ultrasonic findings in 18 stoen cases and 10 carcinoma cases of the extrahepatic biliary tree, which were confirmed by microscopic examination or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography during the period of May 1980 through May 1982 in Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital. The results were as follows: 1. The number of incidences of multiple echogenecities was 11 out of the 18 stone cases (61.1%) but there were no incidences of multiple echogenecities among the carcinoma cases. Eight cases, four of stoens and carcinomas each , were not detected by sonography. 2. The average diameter of the stones was below 20mm in 13 of the 18 cases (72 .2%) and the number of the stoens over 20mm in diameter was only one of the 18(5.6%), while the number of carcinomas over 20mm was three of the 10 cases (30%). 3. In the 18 patients with stoens, the degree of echogenecity was uniformly high in seven (38.9%) and mixed-moderate in seven (38.9%) . All the carcinomas, however, presented mixed-slight echogenecity. The marginal sharpness was well defined in nine of the 18 stone cases (50%), but only one among the carclnomas. 4. The obstructive site in the biliary tree in the stone cases showed a typical meniscus in 10 (55 .6%), abrupt cutting in four (22_2%) and were indiscernible in four (22.2%). But of the 10 carcinoma cases four (40%) were of abrupt cutting, two (20%) funnel
Acoustics ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiography ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methods ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography

To determine the effects of decompressive surgery on neurological outcome following incomplete cord injury of the mid and lower cervical spines, 44 patients(decompression and stabilization group: stabilization or conservative treatment group=21:23) who underwent operations between 1993 and 1995 were retrospectively reviewed. We compared neurological outcome by Frankel's grade, Prolo economic and functional rating scale, and final ambulatory status between two groups. Also, we analysed MRI findings related to neurologic outcome in these cervical cord injured patients. With regard to upgrading scale by Frankel's grade, decompressive surgery group was more improved(98% vs 78%). With regard to Prolo's scale, decompressive surgery group were excellent in 24%, good in 52%, and fair in 24%. Stabilization only or conservative treatment group were as follows: excellent(22%), good(39%), fair(30%), and poor (9%). In the viewpoint of walking status, the result of decompressive surgery group was better(90% vs 74%). Initial MRI findings and neurological assesment correlated with neurological recovery. In conclusion, decompressive surgery may be more effective in patients with incomplete cord injury on mid or lower cervical spines when there are cord compressive lesions such as traumatic disc herniation, spondylotic spur, bony impingement in the spinal canal, and irreducible spinal malalignment unless major intramedullary hemorrhage is present.
Equidae ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Canal ; Spine* ; Walking