BACKGROUND: Thyroid Transcription Factor-1(TTF-1) acts as a tissue specific transcription factor in the regulation of lung specific gene expression and as morphogenic protein during lung organogenesis. Currently, there is very little information on the cis-acting sequences and transcription and transcription factors that direct the TTF-1 gene expression. DNAse 1 hypersensitive (DH) sites represent a marker for active or potentially active chromatin and are likely to be especially important in gene regulation, being associated with many DNA sequences that regulate gene expression. It is clear that DH regions correlate with genetic regulatory loci and binding for sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. METHODS: We have used DH site assays to identify putative distal regulatory elements in H441 lung adenocarcinoma cells, which express the TTF-1 gene and HeLa cells. RESULTS: There are four DH sites 5' of the TTF-1 gene. These sites are located at base pair approximately +150, -450, -800, and -1500 from the start of transcription. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that there may be at least one intragenic site and regulatory region 5' prime to the promotor region.
Adenocarcinoma ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Chromatin ; Deoxyribonuclease I* ; Deoxyribonucleases* ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Gene Expression ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Lung* ; Organogenesis ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Thyroid Gland ; Transcription Factors*

Side effects of iohexol myelography are known to largely depend on the leakage amount of cerebrospinal fluid at the puncture site of the dura. To evaluate the relationship between side effect incidence and spinal needle size and to assess the possibility of performing myelography in outpatients, iohexol myelography was performed in 100 patients(58 inpatients and 42 outpatients) using variable sized needles. A questionaire including presence or absence, duration and degree of various side effect was used for evaluation of side effect. The overall side effect included headache (15%), back pain (14%). Dizziness (9%), and nausea(4%), etc. The incidences of side effects were 28.0% in total, and 16.7%, 23.5%, 26.3%, 46.4%, in patients using 25G, 23G, 22G, 21G spinal needles, retrospectively. The difference of side effect incidence was not significant between male and female. In conclusion, the use of fine spinal needles(25-26G) is recommended to decrease the side effect incidences in myelgraphy. Our findings support the use of fine needle myelography as a safe, less side-effect procedure, not only for in patients but also for out patients.
Back Pain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Dizziness ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Inpatients ; Iohexol* ; Male ; Myelography* ; Needles* ; Outpatients ; Punctures ; Retrospective Studies

Atrial myxomas are uncommon, but surgical treatment offers a potential cure. Early diagnosis is essential so that tumors can be promptly removed in order to reduce morbidity or mortality from atrioventricular valve dysfunction and embolic complications. They are intracavitary tumors occurring within any of the cardiac chambers, but they have a predilection for the atria, particulary the left atrium. The development of noninvasive, echocardiogaphic technique has made it possible to screen large numbers of patients with atrial myxoma with ease and safty. Recently the development of diagnostic procedure and cardiac surgery increased the accuracy of diagnosis and the opportunity of successful ereatment. We report the two cases of left artial myxomas which were removed successfully by surgery.
Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Mortality ; Myxoma* ; Thoracic Surgery

Total hip replacement is an available rnethod of treatment for various causes of disabled hips in adults, especially in painful stiff hips. In many cases, malposition has led to degenrative changes in the opposite hip, the lumbar spine or knee, often with severe loss of function due to pain. Between March, 1979 and February, 1983, twenty hips in sixteen patients with painful and deformed hips were operated at Kosin Medical College, and we obtained relif of pain and increase of range of motion of the hip joints. Furthermore we found relife of adjacent joint pain in several cases, and in addition correction of inequality of leg lenght.
Adult ; Arthralgia ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Humans ; Knee ; Leg ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Spine

No abstract available.
Molecular Biology* ; Shigella*

A rare case of mesothelial/monocytic incidental cardiac excrescences (cardiac MICE) is described in the aspect of pathological interest. This cardiac lesion is pathologically characterized by exuberant proliferation of mixed mesothelia and monocytes and might be misdiagnosed as metastatic carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and histiocytoid hemangioma, if the disease is not in the minds of pathologists. The reactive nodular hyperplasia due to irritation to mesothelia by various causes is a most prevailing pathogenetic mechanism. About 20 cases have been reported in the worldwide literature. A 67-year-old female patient presented with cough and dyspnea for 2 months, without any history of previous cardiac operation. 2D echocardiography of the heart revealed moderate amount of pericardial effusion with posterior wall thickening. Under the impression of metastatic malignancy, pericardiostomy was performed. Grossly, the tissue was dark hemorrhagic and friable and the histologic sections revealed the solid tumor-like proliferation of round to polygonal histiocytic cells admixed with small cuboidal mesothelial cells which formed strips and tubular arrays. They were found within the fibrinous network and there were scattered empty vacuolar spaces. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed their biphasic nature with the CD68 positivity of the histiocytes and the cytokeratin positivity of the cuboidal cells. Factor VIII positivity was not detected in any cell components. The lesion was considered the monocytic and mesothelial proliferation of reactive nature, so-called cardiac MICE in the pericardial cavity. We report a typical case of so-called MICE first in the Korean literature.
Aged ; Animals ; Cellular Structures ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Factor VIII ; Female ; Fibrin ; Heart ; Hemangioma ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Keratins ; Mice ; Monocytes ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pericardial Window Techniques ; Rhabdomyosarcoma

Amipaque is a water soluble, non-ionic myelographic contrast media, and owing to its high diagnostic accuracy and safety, its use is gradually increasing. The authors studied the complications after Amipaque lumbermyelography in 61 patients with low back pain during the period from Jan. 1981 to Nov. 1981 in Chung Ang University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1. Total complication rate was 52%(32 of 61) and there was nosexual difference in its occurrence. 2. In total, no difference in complication rate was found between head-up positioned group with a degree of 30degrees (group I) after procedure and head-up positioned group with a degree of 70degrees (group II) but female patients had more complication rate in group I than in group II (75% vs 50%).Headache was more common in group I and nausea was more common in group II. 3. Headache was most common complicaiton (44%) and there was no sexual difference in its occurrence. 4. No significant difference in complication rate was found between patients proved to have HBP and patients to have not. 5. Complications were less common in patients with punctured level of L4-5 than in patients with L2-3 or L3-4 level puncture.
Contrast Media ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Metrizamide ; Myelography ; Nausea ; Punctures ; Water

Of the bronchographic findings of 408 patients, performed in our hospital for recent 5 years, 108 cases showed definite bronchial obstruction, and 61 cases of those were selected and their obstructive findings were evaluated. All that not confirmed were abandoned. For evaluation of the reliability of 9 bronchographic obstruction signs onappplying to diagnose malignant or benign pulmonary diseases, each sign was identified and applied to each of the61 confirmed cases. In addition, obstructed bronchi, distance of obstruction from the bifurcation site, and thedirection of meniscus, if peresent, were evaluated. The reuslts were follows; 1. The most frequent cause ofbronchial obstruction was lung cancer (59.0%), and that of the benign obstruction was pulmonary tuberculosis(13.1%). 2. Amputation, asymmetric narrowing, thumbprint indentation, rat-tail narrowing and encasement signs werethe most accurate signs of malignancy and were practically diagnostic ones, 3, The most frequent sign in lungcancer was sharp cut off one, but it could be seen in lung abscess and in unresolved pneumonia, too. 4. Circumferential symmetric narrowing and regular concavity with a small central profection signs were specific onesto benignancy. 5. The most frequent obstruction sign in benign lung disease was gradual tapering sign, but it alsocould be seen inbronchogenic epidermoid and alveolar cell carcinoma. 6. Of all bronchial obstructions, 55.4% occurred at lobar bronchus and 77.4% of those were caused by lung cancer. 7. 77.2% of those obstruction which located within 3 times distance of the bronchial diameter at the nearest proximal bifurcation site, were lungcancer, but 75.0% of those located at over 3 times distance were benign pulmonary diseases. 8. There were nocorrelation of the direction of the meniscus at the obstructing and in differential diagnosis between benign andmalignant pulmonary diseases.
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar ; Amputation ; Bronchi ; Bronchography ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lung Abscess ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Neoplasms ; Pneumonia

Neurilemmoma is rare benign tumor originating from the Schwann cell of the nerve sheath. Intrabronchial neurilemmoma are extremely rare and only few cases have been reported previously in Korea. Neurilemmoma at all ages but are most common in persons between the ages of 20 and 50 years. It affects the head, neck, flexor regions of the extremities. Neurilemmoma was confirmed histologically because of the presence of Verocay bodies, Antoni A or B tissue pattern and of S-100 protein. We report two cases of intrabronchial neurilemmoma with chronic coughing and nonspecific radiologic findings.
Cough ; Extremities ; Head ; Humans ; Korea ; Neck ; Neurilemmoma* ; S100 Proteins

For evaluating the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia, with or without bilateral vagotomy, epinephrine-induced arrhythmias were studied in 31 rabbits anesthetized with 1 minimum alveolar concentration of enflurane. We divided the rabbits into 5 groups: Group I (epidural saline as control group; n=6), Group II (epidural lidocaine without vagotomy; n=6), Group III (intravenous lidocaine; n=7), Group IV (epidural saline with vagotomy; n=6), and Group V (epidural lidocaine with vagotomy; n=6). Using logdose protocol, epinephrine was infused at an initial rate of 0.67 microg/kg/min and increased by Exp[0.4] until arrhythmias occurred; if arrhythmias occurred at any of these doses, a smaller dose, divided by Exp[0.2], was tested. Arrhythmic dose of epinephrine was defined as the smallest infusion rate needed to produce four or more arrhythmias within 15 sec during epinephrine infusion. Arrhythmic dose of epinephrine and its plasma concentration in epidural lidocaine group were significantly higher than control (p<0.05). Similarity of results was also noted amongst the intravenous lidocaine group, vagotomy only group, and vagotomized epidural lidocaine group with respect to the control. These results suggest that thoracic epidural anesthesia raises the threshold for enflurane-epinephrine induced arrhythmias in rabbits and that this effect is eliminated by bilateral vagotomy.
Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Animal ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use* ; Arrhythmia/drug therapy* ; Arrhythmia/chemically induced ; Enflurane ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Human ; Lidocaine/therapeutic use* ; Male ; Rabbits ; Vagotomy*