The purpose of this study was to measure the marginal fidelities and the fracture strength of IPS Empress 2. and In-Ceram. ceramic crowns. After constructed of 12 experimental dies for each group, ceramic crowns were fabricated on the metal master dies prepared on the maxillary right premolar. Marginal gaps were measured on the specimen between the margin of each crown and finishing line of the metal master die by using stereo-microscope(SZ-ST. Olympus, Japan) and all specimens were cemented on the metal master die with Bistite II.(Tokuyama soda Co, LTD., Japan) resin cement. Finally, marginal gaps were measured again. To measure of the fracture strength, buccal incline on the functional cusp of specimens were loaded until the catastrophic failure occurred by using the AGS-1000 D.(Shimadzu, Japan). The result of marginal fidelities and fracture strength were statistically analyzed with the SPSS version 8.0 programs. The results of this study were as follows : 1. No significant difference was found in the mean marginal fidelities and fracture strength between the IPS Empress 2. and In-Ceram. 2. In comparison of marginal fidelities between before and after cementation, there was significant difference(P<0.05). The IPS Empress 2 system was shown in this study that had good marginal fidelities and fracture strength compared to In-Ceram ceramics. Although this system was acceptable to clinical applications, the system still has to be considered long-term researches about marginal fidelities and fracture strength due to the lack of data about the clinical researches.
Bicuspid ; Cementation ; Ceramics ; Crowns* ; Resin Cements

BACKGROUND: Beta-adrenergic receptor Kinase 1(betaARK1) is a serine/threonine kinase attached, which inhibits the coupling of beta-adrenergic receptor with G-protein. Myocardial betaARK1 level is usually elevated in heart failure and hypertrophy, but it is not known whether the circulating betaARK1 level is related with the degree of cardiac hypertrophy. This study was performed to evaluate the association of the betaARK1 level in circulating mononuclear leukocytes(MNL) in untreated hypertension with left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients. Method: Nineteen non-treated hypertensive patients were included for this study. High blood pressure was confirmed when systolic BP is over 150 mmHg or diastoli BP is over 95 mmHg. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate the degree of hypertrophy by measuring the left ventricular mass index(LVMI) and relative wall thickness(RWT), and test the LV function by measuring the ejection fraction(EF) according to ASE guideline. At the same time, blood was collected from each patient and MNL were isolated by gradient centrifuge with Ficoll-400. Total RNA was purified from MNL and semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed. After reverse transcription, PCR was done with primers for human betaARK1 and GAPDH as external control. betaARK1 levels were expressed by ratio to GAPDH level and estimated the relations with clinical and Echocardiographic parameters. Result: We studied confirmed 19 hypertensive patients(10 men and 9 women, mean age of 50.6 years). Echocardiographically measured indices(mean+/-SD) were as follows; LVMI(137.3+/-30.6g/m2), PWT(0.53+/-0.09) and EF(54.6+/-8.5%). Ratio of betaARK1 levels to GAPDH was from 0.10 to 0.96 (0.62+/-0.25). betaARK1 levels were correlated with LVMI(correlation coefficient: r=.502, p=.029) and RWT(r=.627, p=.004). But Systolic BP(r=0.009, p=.93), diastolic BP(r=.07, p=.85) or EF(r=.045, p=.84) were not related to level of betaARK1. CONCLUSIONS: The betaARK1 level of circulating MNL was correlated well with the degree of the cardiac hypertrophy estimated by LVMI and RWT. This data suggests that activation of sympatho-adrenal system would exert a major role in developing cardiac hypertrophy and we can expect the decreased responsiveness to catecholamine in the heart of hypertensive patients. betaARK1 in circulating MNL might be used as a predictor or marker for LV hypertrophy in hypertensive patients.
beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases ; Cardiomegaly ; Echocardiography ; Female ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear* ; Male ; Phosphotransferases ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA

Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are uncommon, high-flow connection between an artery and a vein without an intervening nidus, vascular lesions treated using endovascular approach with a variety of embolic materials. To our knowledge, hyperperfusion syndrome as a result of embolization of pial AVFs has not been reported before. We report our experience in the treatment of high-flow pial AVF using detachable coils and hyperperfusion syndrome after coil embolization.
Arteries ; Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Veins

Six cases of nasal septum perforation were found among welders during periodic physical checkup in 1997. Considering the size, shape and margin, the perforations were assumed to have been occurred several years before of which the diameter were 8~15 mm. To investigate the cause of perforation, we reviewed the past history of preemployment, the results of annual working environment survey and the material safety data sheets of welding rods and steels with which they have dealt, and analyzed the concentration of several metals of welding fume and the concentration of blood and urinary chromium. In the result, we presupposed that the nasal septum perforations of welders were due to chronic exposure to low level hexavalent chromium and/or nickel, and report these cases with literatures review.
Chromium ; Material Safety Data Sheets ; Metals ; Nasal Septal Perforation* ; Nasal Septum* ; Nickel ; Steel ; Welding

Sparganosis is a parasitic infectious disease by sparganum which is a plerocercoid larva of spirometra, a kind of cestode. We experienced a case of intramural sparganosis of cecum presenting as chronic intermittent abdominal pain. A 39 year old man was hospitalized due to intermittent abdominal pain for 6 months and the operation was done under the impreesion of the intestinal tuberculosis or submucosal tumor of cecum after diagnostic work-up. Resected cecum revealed diffuse wall thickening and luminal narrowing. The microscopic findings showed a degenerated larva in the muscle layer with typical tissue reaction which was basically noncaseating cavitary granulomatous inflammation and many calcareous corpuscles which were pathognomonic features of cestode were prominent within the degenerated worm.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Cecum ; Cestoda ; Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Intestines ; Larva ; Phenobarbital ; Sparganosis* ; Sparganum ; Spirometra ; Tuberculosis

This paper represents the versatility of buccinator myomucosal flap for intraoral and orbital reconstruction of mild to moderate defect and we introduce recontructive methods are introduced along with our clinical experience. Buccal artery from internal maxillary artery is the main arterial pedicle, and buccal branch from facial artery also can supply blood for the buccinator muscle. The abundant blood flow from interconnected pedicles supports the reliable circulation of the buccal mucosa. So we could reconstruct the eye socket using reversed island buccinator myomucosal flap based on the angular vessel. The motor innervation of the buccinator muscle comes from the facial nerve. The buccinator muscle is considered to be a part of the sphincteric muscular system involving the functions of sucking, whistling, propelling food during mastication and voiding the buccal cavity. From 1990 to 1999, the flap was utilized in 8 patients to reconstruct the small to moderate intraoral defect and 1 patient for orbital mucosal defect. All flaps survived completely. There has been no flap necrosis and fistula. The results have been functionally and esthetically satisfactory. It is very reliable and safe flap with a minimal morbidity of donor site. It doesn't require microsurgical technique. Rapid healing may be achieved with its mucosal nature. We conclude that buccinator myomucosal flap can be widely used with a lot of advantages for intraoral and orbital defect because of its many advantages.
Arteries ; Facial Nerve ; Fistula ; Humans ; Mastication ; Maxillary Artery ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mouth* ; Necrosis ; Orbit* ; Singing ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: Endotoxin is a complex lipopolysaccharide molecule situated within the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Sepsis and acute respiratory failure (ARDS) can be induced by endotoxin. In order to introduce and develop the experimental model of ARDS in sepsis, we induced sepsis with the endotoxin and investigated the change of respiratory pathophysiology during sepsis using a multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). METHODS: Ten New Zealand white rabbits were anesthetized and ventilated with a Harvard apparatus. In 5 rabbits, 2 mg/kg of lipopolysaccaride from E. coli was infused intravenously for 30 min (Toxin group). At 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after endotoxin infusion, arterial blood gas, and hemodynamic profiles were checked. To perform the MIGET, six inert gases (SF6, krypton, desflurane, enflurane, diethyl ether, acetone) of widely varying solubility were infused peripherally and the excretion and retention data was determined from measurements of inert gas tensions in pulmonary arterial, systemic arterial blood samples and mixd expiratory gas sampling of pre and post septicemia using gas chromatography. We transformed and analysed the data into a V/Q distribution curve to find out the change of V/Q distribution curve. After the experiments, the animals were dissected and the lungs were extracted for wet/dry weight ratio (WW/DW) and microscopic examination. RESULTS: In the Toxin group, the pulmonary arterial pressures were increased and arterial oxygen tensions were decreased after the endotoxin infusion. The lung WW/DW were increased and inflammatory findings were seen in microscopic examination. In the MIGET, shunt, deadspace and log SDQ were increased in the toxin group, though there were wide V/Q distributions in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a successful endotoxin induced septic animal model, V/Q distribution curve and data using MIGET. The accomplishment of the experiment will not only allow us to better understand pulmonary pathophysiology of endotoxin induced sepsis using MIGET, but it will also contribute to other pulmonary physiology experiments associated with sepsis.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Chromatography, Gas ; Enflurane ; Ether ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Hemodynamics ; Krypton ; Lung ; Membranes ; Models, Animal ; Models, Theoretical ; Noble Gases ; Oxygen ; Physiology ; Rabbits ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Sepsis ; Solubility ; Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio*

No abstract available.
Hypercapnia* ; Respiratory Insufficiency*

No abstract available.
Hypercapnia* ; Respiratory Insufficiency*

We analyzed early postoperative astigmatic changes, visual rehabilitation and complications with silicone intraocular lenses implanted through 3.2mm scleral pocket incision (group I. 68 eyes) and PMMA intraocular lenses implanted through 5.5mm scleral pocket incision(group 2. 103 eyes). Surgically induced astigmatism in group 1 was -0.17D at two days, -0.12D at one week, and -0.51D at two months. In group 2, it was -0.36D at two days, -0.46D at one week, and -0.72D at two months. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups at 2 days and 1 week (p<0.05), thereafter no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). 0.5 or better uncorrected visual acuity in group I was 74% at 2 weeks, 87% at 2 months while in group 2, it was 69% at 2 weeks, and 77% at 2 months. Postoperative complication in group I were two cases of IOL decentration(2.9%), two cases of anterior capsule contraction (2.9%), three cases of anterior chamber inflammation (4.4%), and two cases of posterior capsule opacity (2.9%). In group two, it were one case of hyphema (1%), one case of wound dehiscence (1%) , one case of anterior chamber inflammation (1%), and seven cases of posterior capsule opacity (6.8%). Our results indicate the 3.2mm scleral tunnel incision (group 1) was associated with a lower surgically induce astigmatism at 2 days and 1 week, and 8 faster visual rehabilitation than 5.5mm scleral tunnel incision (group 2), but anterior chamber inflainmation, anterior capsule contraction and IOL decentrations were more frequently developed in group 1.
Anterior Chamber ; Astigmatism* ; Cataract* ; Hyphema ; Inflammation ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Phacoemulsification ; Polymethyl Methacrylate* ; Postoperative Complications ; Rehabilitation* ; Silicones* ; Visual Acuity ; Wounds and Injuries