No abstract available.
Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Mitomycin* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Biomarkers, Tumor* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: To explain hypothesis that there are two types of human retinal capillary pathways. One is simple type and the other is complex type. The former plays a role in blood flow regulation and the latter does capillary function itself. METHODS: We measured the length, tortousity, and flow velocity of human retinal capillaries using Fluorescein Leukocyte Angiography (FLA) with a Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (SLO) on two healthy adult male volunteers. We studied distribution and pathways of human retinal capillaries on the posterior pole. RESULTS: The lengths of capillaries were distributed with two peak incidence. One was 70 microgram and the other 240 microgram. There was no relationship between capillary length and tortousity. The correlation between capillary length and leukocyte velocity showed that the shorter capillary group has a wide range of velocity but the longer group has a narrow range of velocity. CONCLUSIONS: Two types of retinal capillary pathways exist on human retina. Compared with two types of capillaries on the cat retina described by Ben-nun et al, we found that the shorter capillary type plays a role in blood flow regulation and the longer type in capillary function itself.
Adult ; Angiography* ; Animals ; Capillaries* ; Cats ; Fluorescein* ; Humans* ; Incidence ; Leukocytes* ; Male ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde* ; Volunteers

Few papers have reported that the HIV-1 replication was inhibited by p53 in the infected cells. However, the detail mechanism for the p53-medicated HIV-1 suppression has not yet been clearly demonstrated. In our previous report, we addressed that p53-mediated Tat suppression is very likely associated with PKR. In the present study, we found that the amounts of p53 in the HIV-1 infected cells increased over 10 times in the early stages of infection as much as those in normal cells. Particularly noteworthy is that the both exogenous p53 and endogenous p53 enhanced PKR expression in the transformed or treated cells, and the amounts of PKR induced by p53 were almost equivalent to those induced by interferon. In the PKR promoter studies using Ppkr-CAT (CAT reporter system under the control of PKR promoter), CAT activity induced by p53 was stronger than that by interferon, suggesting that the p53-mediated PKR expression might be more efficient than interferon under the control of PKR promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that PKR directly binds to Tat protein. We established eIF-2alpha dominant negative (S51A) Jurkat cells (JK/eIF2alpha-51A) to block the PKR-mediated cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. In the JK/eIF2alpha-51A cells, not only p53 but also PKR inhibited the Tat activity. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the HIV-1 infection induces p53, which enhances PKR expression by promoter activation, followed by the inhibition of the Tat activity, finally resulting in the inhibition of HIV-1 replication. Detail mechanisms for the PKR-mediated Tat inactivation are under investigation.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cats ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 ; Gene Products, tat ; HIV-1* ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Interferons ; Jurkat Cells

To investigate the factors which affecting the cognitive function and depression of the 65 or more age group, the authors surveyed for the subjects in the region of Taejon and nearby Taejon area. 729 studied subjects were tested for cognitive function with MMSE and depression with GDS. The main results were followings; In the studied subjects, the rate of normal cognitive function was 56.8%, the rate of mildly impaired was 24.l% and the rate of severe impairment was 19.l%. The cognitive function level was closely related to the depression score. As the age increased, the cognitive function was more impaired. Sexual difference was also existed in the cognitive function level and the depression score. After adjusting the effect of age, the variables such as sex, marital status, education level, past job, instrumental ability of daily living, regular physical exercise, frequencies of going out the house, chest discomfort, visual and auditory disturbance, and dizziness had the significant relationship with cognitive function impairment. Among these variables instrumental ADL, age, visual disturbance, and sex showed statistical significance in the logistic regression model. In the multiple stepwise regression, the variables which had significant relationship to depression score were education level, frequencies of going out house, current job and house work activity, regular physical exercise, instrumental ADL, self-rated health and nutritional status, dizziness, visual disturbance, and chest pain. In conclusion, main characteristics which had close relationship to the cognitive function and depression symptoms in the studied subjects were physical function and self rated health status.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Chest Pain ; Daejeon ; Depression* ; Dizziness ; Education ; Exercise ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Marital Status ; Nutritional Status ; Thorax

Chemotherapy offers palliative treatment to patient with advanced nonresectable hepatoma. The usefulness of systemic chemotherapy is limited becaused of serious side reaction and low concentration of drug at tumor. Butthis problem may be overcome by intraarterial infusion. Nonsurgical percutaneous hepatic arteiral catheterizationwas done in 21 patients with primary hepatoma, and infusion chemotherapy was done in 19 patients who were successful in catherization. The results were as follows; 1. Selective catheterization of hepatic artery proper,common hepatic artery, and celiac artery were seccessful in 4, 9 and 4 patients, respectively. The success rate ofselective catheterization is 80.9% including celiac artery among 21 patients with hepatoma. 2. Simple catherization method was applied in 14 patients, and catheter exchange and Loop methods were applied in 2 and 1patient respectively. 3. Complications related to catheterization, such as infection and bleeding on punctured site, intimal injury and dislodgement of catheter were not serious. 4. Drugs were well tolerated without serioustoxicity or complication. 5. 3 patients showed objective response and median survival time of treated patients is 2.5 months.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Celiac Artery ; Drug Therapy ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial ; Methods ; Palliative Care

Poland syndrome produces deformities of the breast and chest wall that can be highly disfiguring in young women. Incision from traditional surgical approaches can be unsightly, especially if a muscle harvest is used as part of the reconstruction. We report a case of a 19-year-old woman with Poland syndrome. In her case we used minimally invasive techniques to reconstruct her hypoplastic breast. A single midaxillary vertical incision was used to harvest and then transfer the latissimus muscle for breast reconstruction. Relatively, symmetric breast was achieved and the scar was well hidden by the arm. The aesthetic results were satisfactory.
Arm ; Breast* ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Female* ; Humans ; Mammaplasty* ; Poland Syndrome* ; Poland* ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Thoracic Wall ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for rebleeding during cerebral angiography in ruptured intracranial aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 1896 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms between September 2006 and December 2013, a total of 11 patients who experienced rebleeding of the ruptured aneurysms during digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were recruited in this study. RESULTS: There were 184 patients (9.7%) who had suffered rebleeding prior to the securing procedure. Among them, 11 patients experienced rebleeding during DSA and other 173 patients at a time other than DSA. Eight (72.7%) of the 11 patients experienced rebleeding during three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA). The incidence of rebleeding during DSA was 0.6% in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aneurysm location in anterior circulation [odds ratio=14.286; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.877 to 250.0; p=0.048] and higher aspect ratio (odds ratio=3.040; 95% CI, 1.896 to 10.309; p=0.041) remained independent risk factors for rebleeding during DSA. CONCLUSION: Ruptured aneurysms located in anterior circulation with a high aspect ratio might have the risk of rebleeding during DSA, especially during 3DRA.
Adult ; Aged ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction/*methods ; Cerebral Angiography/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm/epidemiology/*radiography/therapy ; Intracranial Hemorrhages/*epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for rebleeding during cerebral angiography in ruptured intracranial aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 1896 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms between September 2006 and December 2013, a total of 11 patients who experienced rebleeding of the ruptured aneurysms during digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were recruited in this study. RESULTS: There were 184 patients (9.7%) who had suffered rebleeding prior to the securing procedure. Among them, 11 patients experienced rebleeding during DSA and other 173 patients at a time other than DSA. Eight (72.7%) of the 11 patients experienced rebleeding during three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA). The incidence of rebleeding during DSA was 0.6% in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aneurysm location in anterior circulation [odds ratio=14.286; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.877 to 250.0; p=0.048] and higher aspect ratio (odds ratio=3.040; 95% CI, 1.896 to 10.309; p=0.041) remained independent risk factors for rebleeding during DSA. CONCLUSION: Ruptured aneurysms located in anterior circulation with a high aspect ratio might have the risk of rebleeding during DSA, especially during 3DRA.
Adult ; Aged ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction/*methods ; Cerebral Angiography/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm/epidemiology/*radiography/therapy ; Intracranial Hemorrhages/*epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Background: Rituximab (RTX), a monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to CD20+ B cells, showed favorable outcomes in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) in small case series, but the evidence is still not enough. Our goal was to determine the efficacy and safety of RTX for Korean patients with refractory IIM. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 16 patients with refractory IIM treated with RTX in seven tertiary rheumatology clinics in the Korea. The efficacy of RTX was evaluated with the improvement of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level and physician's global assessment (PGA), and daily corticosteroid dose reduction. A > 25% decrease in CPK level, corticosteroid dose, or PGA was considered significant. A complete response (CR) was designated by meeting three efficacy criteria and a partial response (PR) by only two criteria. Results: Sixteen patients with IIM were evaluated (13 female; median age, 51.8 years). All patients had received at least one conventional immunosuppressive agent (median, 3.6 [2.0–5.0]) and concomitant corticosteroids. The median CPK level and median dose of prednisolone was 421.0 units/L and 20.0 mg/day respectively. Eleven patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. Seven patients received 2,000 mg of RTX and the others received lower dose. Twenty-four weeks after RTX treatment, 11 patients achieved a > 25% reduction in corticosteroid dose and CPK levels, and nine showed improved PGA. The overall response rate was 68.8% (11 patients). At the end of follow-up (median 24 weeks), 12 (75.0%) patients responded overall: four (25.0%) and eight (50.0%) patients achieved CR and PR, respectively. Baseline muscle enzyme levels were higher in responders than non-responders, but disease duration, RTX dose, ESR and serum CRP were not significantly different between the two groups. The rate of adverse event was 25.4/1,000 person-years. Conclusion RTX could be an effective and relatively safe therapeutic option in patients with refractory IIM.