Objective To study the effect ofβ?sodium aescinate on the expressions of aquaporin?4 and aquaporin?9 in rats with spinal cord inju?ry. Methods A total of 150 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham group(n=50),spinal cord injury(SCI)group(n=50)andβ?sodi?um aescinate group(n=50). The experimental animal models was established by modified Allen’s model. The Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB)locomotor rating scale and inclined plane test were used to evaluate rat behavioral consequences after injury.The immunohistochemical staining and western blotting assay were performed to observe the expressions of aquaporin?4 and aquaporin?9. Results Compared with sham group,BBB score and inclined plane test score of SCI group andβ?sodium aescinate group were significantly lower at each time point(P<0.05);however,the functional recovery was significantly better inβ?sodium aescinate group than in SCI group at each time point from 7 d after SCI(P<0.05). The aquaporin?4 and aquaporin?9 positive expressions of rats in sham group were lower significantly than rats in SCI group andβ?sodium aescinate group(P<0.05);however,the aquaporin 4 and aquaporin 9 positive expressions of rats inβ?sodium aescinate group was lower signifi?cantly than rats in SCI group at each time point(P<0.05). Conclusion β?sodium aescinate can protect the neurologic function in rats with spi?nal cord injury by decreasing aquaporin?4 and aquaporin?9 protein expression.

Many pictures must be taken for the presumption of the stereorelation of the cerebral artery, which obtained with ordinary cerebral angiography. And it is very difficult to understand the stereoimage and required many experiences. But it is able to presume the stereorelationship in only brief eye's training without the aid of the stereoscope using the prism. For the stereoview, we need the paired angiograms obtained only straight and tilting the X-ray tube. In practice, with this stereoview in cerebral angiogram, we could know the directions of the aneurysmal neck and fundus with the stereorelationship of the cerebral artery and indeed helps us greatly in operation field. In addition, we might guess the location and stereorelationships of the feeding artery and draining vein in arteriovenous malformation and other vascular tumors and it was great aid in diagnosis and operation. Now we present the methods of the pictures for the stereoview in cerebral angiogram and the methods for eye's training.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Arteries ; Diagnosis ; Neck ; Veins

It is well known that intracranial pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are increased by laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation during induction of general anesthesia, and it may be very dangerous in neurosurgical patients who had increased ICP. Therefore, this study was performed to know the range of ICP increase during induction of the conventional general anesthesia with intubation following thiopental and succinylchohne injections. Intracranial pressure and MAP were measured in 13 patients who underwent craniotomy. All the patients were monitored cerebral epidural ICP and intraarterial pressure preoperatively. The results were as follow: 1. Intracranial pressure was increased of 7.1±7.23 mmHg. 2. Arterial pressure was increased of 43.5±25.46 mmHg. 3. Cerebral perfusion pressure was increased of 33.3±27.53 mmHg. It is stressed that certain procedures are necessary to prevent from further increase of ICP due to induction of general anesthesia in patients with increased ICP.
Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Craniotomy ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure* ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngoscopy* ; Thiopental

No abstract available.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

The authors presented two cases of wasp sting on the eyeball. In the first case the ocluar involvements following the sting of wasp on the central cornea were desquamation of the central corneal epithelium, striated keratitis, bullous keratitis, conneal edema, stromal staining by fluorescein dye to the depth of about two thirds of the cornea, auterior polar cataract, irreversible depigmentation of the iris, stromal atrophy of the iris mydrasis which did not respond even to repeated instillations of eserine. Corneal lesions led to dystrophic changes later. The second case showed thick cortical cataract, progressive decrease of intraocular pressure and complete blindness without significant corneal and iris involvements following wasp sting on the medial bulbar conjunctiva. The cause of the complete blindness and the progressive decrease of intraocular pressure is unexplainable but it may be a direct effect of venom onto the optic nerve and the ciliary body.
Atrophy ; Bites and Stings* ; Blindness ; Cataract ; Ciliary Body ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Edema ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Fluorescein ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Keratitis ; Optic Nerve ; Physostigmine ; Venoms ; Wasps*

Objective To search different weeks′ gestation atrioventricular size and cardiac function change in Hb Bart′s fetal edema syndrome. Methods Color Doppler echocardiography was adopted to study 67 cases with Hb Bart′s fetal edema syndrome in different weeks′ gestation.Atrial and ventricular diameter and cardiac function were measured, and compared with those of normal fetuses in same weeks′ gestation.Results In the cases with Hb Bart′s fetal edema syndrome,the heart was enlarged from 25 weeks′ gestation,right atrial enlargement came earliest, along with gestation weeks′ followed with right ventricle,left atrium and left ventricle aggravated enlargement.From 29 weeks′ gestation left and right cardiac diastolic function was involved with complicated pericardial,pleural,peritoneal effusion the damage was clearer.During 33 weeks′ gestation,left and right heart systolic function was involved.From 25 weeks′ gestation,fetal foramen ovale began to enlarge,and the enlarged foramen was difficult to be differentiated from secondary atrial septal defect.Conclusions Echocardiography is sensitive to Hb Bart′s fetal edema syndrome,and provides reliable basis for early clinical intervention.

Cysts of the iris may be primary lesions of either epithelial or stromal in origin, or secondary lesions after trauma or surgery. The stromal cyst is usually of primary lesion, although it could be secondary as shown in our case. We report a case of recurrent iris cyst after trauma. The patient was an 8-year-old girl. She had a penetrating injury of the involved eye three years ago. She had a similar iris cyst removed two years before this surgery. Histologically, the cyst was lined by non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelia and subjacent fibrovascular tissue. Islands of melanin-containing epithelial cells and acellular basophilic degenerating materials were also seen in the lesion. This case represents a stromal epithelial cyst that by history appears to be of post-traumatic etiology.
Cysts

To observe developing process of human fetal skin during intrauterine life, morphological studies in light microscopic level were made based on 27 human embryos and 76 fetuses ranging from 4 to 40 gestation weeks. The fetuses were the products of induced abortion and were found to have no associated diseases of congenital anomalies at the autopsy. Ten different portions of the body were sampled and examined. They were scalp, forehead, face, chest, abdomen, back, palm, sole, finger and toe. In embryos two different portions; cephalic and caudal portions were examined: The following results were obtained: 1) A single layer of undifferentiated cell was the primitive epidermis at the 4th week and it was followed by two layered epidermis consisting of periderm and primitive basal cell layer. Epidermal ridges started to develop along with primitive eccrine and hair germs as clustering of basal cells at the llth week. Stratum inter-medium was formed at the 12th week, and primitive granular cell layers and keratin formation in association with hair follicles at the 19th week forming earliest adult type epidermis, followed by progressive maturation. 2) The thickness of the fetal epidermis and keratin layer increased as the fetal age approached to the term with its slightly different developmental pattern by the site of body. Cephalic protions developed slightly earlier than the other parts. 3) The developmental pattern of various portions of epidermis could be categorized into three groups; (1) scalp, forehead and face; (2) chest, abdomen and back; (3) palm, sole, finger and toe.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone*