Objective To study the effect ofβ?sodium aescinate on the expressions of aquaporin?4 and aquaporin?9 in rats with spinal cord inju?ry. Methods A total of 150 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham group(n=50),spinal cord injury(SCI)group(n=50)andβ?sodi?um aescinate group(n=50). The experimental animal models was established by modified Allen’s model. The Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB)locomotor rating scale and inclined plane test were used to evaluate rat behavioral consequences after injury.The immunohistochemical staining and western blotting assay were performed to observe the expressions of aquaporin?4 and aquaporin?9. Results Compared with sham group,BBB score and inclined plane test score of SCI group andβ?sodium aescinate group were significantly lower at each time point(P<0.05);however,the functional recovery was significantly better inβ?sodium aescinate group than in SCI group at each time point from 7 d after SCI(P<0.05). The aquaporin?4 and aquaporin?9 positive expressions of rats in sham group were lower significantly than rats in SCI group andβ?sodium aescinate group(P<0.05);however,the aquaporin 4 and aquaporin 9 positive expressions of rats inβ?sodium aescinate group was lower signifi?cantly than rats in SCI group at each time point(P<0.05). Conclusion β?sodium aescinate can protect the neurologic function in rats with spi?nal cord injury by decreasing aquaporin?4 and aquaporin?9 protein expression.

The authors presented two cases of wasp sting on the eyeball. In the first case the ocluar involvements following the sting of wasp on the central cornea were desquamation of the central corneal epithelium, striated keratitis, bullous keratitis, conneal edema, stromal staining by fluorescein dye to the depth of about two thirds of the cornea, auterior polar cataract, irreversible depigmentation of the iris, stromal atrophy of the iris mydrasis which did not respond even to repeated instillations of eserine. Corneal lesions led to dystrophic changes later. The second case showed thick cortical cataract, progressive decrease of intraocular pressure and complete blindness without significant corneal and iris involvements following wasp sting on the medial bulbar conjunctiva. The cause of the complete blindness and the progressive decrease of intraocular pressure is unexplainable but it may be a direct effect of venom onto the optic nerve and the ciliary body.
Atrophy ; Bites and Stings* ; Blindness ; Cataract ; Ciliary Body ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Edema ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Fluorescein ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Keratitis ; Optic Nerve ; Physostigmine ; Venoms ; Wasps*

Many pictures must be taken for the presumption of the stereorelation of the cerebral artery, which obtained with ordinary cerebral angiography. And it is very difficult to understand the stereoimage and required many experiences. But it is able to presume the stereorelationship in only brief eye's training without the aid of the stereoscope using the prism. For the stereoview, we need the paired angiograms obtained only straight and tilting the X-ray tube. In practice, with this stereoview in cerebral angiogram, we could know the directions of the aneurysmal neck and fundus with the stereorelationship of the cerebral artery and indeed helps us greatly in operation field. In addition, we might guess the location and stereorelationships of the feeding artery and draining vein in arteriovenous malformation and other vascular tumors and it was great aid in diagnosis and operation. Now we present the methods of the pictures for the stereoview in cerebral angiogram and the methods for eye's training.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Arteries ; Diagnosis ; Neck ; Veins

It is well known that intracranial pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are increased by laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation during induction of general anesthesia, and it may be very dangerous in neurosurgical patients who had increased ICP. Therefore, this study was performed to know the range of ICP increase during induction of the conventional general anesthesia with intubation following thiopental and succinylchohne injections. Intracranial pressure and MAP were measured in 13 patients who underwent craniotomy. All the patients were monitored cerebral epidural ICP and intraarterial pressure preoperatively. The results were as follow: 1. Intracranial pressure was increased of 7.1±7.23 mmHg. 2. Arterial pressure was increased of 43.5±25.46 mmHg. 3. Cerebral perfusion pressure was increased of 33.3±27.53 mmHg. It is stressed that certain procedures are necessary to prevent from further increase of ICP due to induction of general anesthesia in patients with increased ICP.
Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Craniotomy ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure* ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngoscopy* ; Thiopental

No abstract available.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

Objective To search different weeks′ gestation atrioventricular size and cardiac function change in Hb Bart′s fetal edema syndrome. Methods Color Doppler echocardiography was adopted to study 67 cases with Hb Bart′s fetal edema syndrome in different weeks′ gestation.Atrial and ventricular diameter and cardiac function were measured, and compared with those of normal fetuses in same weeks′ gestation.Results In the cases with Hb Bart′s fetal edema syndrome,the heart was enlarged from 25 weeks′ gestation,right atrial enlargement came earliest, along with gestation weeks′ followed with right ventricle,left atrium and left ventricle aggravated enlargement.From 29 weeks′ gestation left and right cardiac diastolic function was involved with complicated pericardial,pleural,peritoneal effusion the damage was clearer.During 33 weeks′ gestation,left and right heart systolic function was involved.From 25 weeks′ gestation,fetal foramen ovale began to enlarge,and the enlarged foramen was difficult to be differentiated from secondary atrial septal defect.Conclusions Echocardiography is sensitive to Hb Bart′s fetal edema syndrome,and provides reliable basis for early clinical intervention.

This study was conducted to illustrate the histological and morphometric features of the sebaceous gland of human fetal skin. For this purpose, we studied 12 human embryos and 60 fetuses from the 4 th to 38 th week of gestation. In each case, we sampled eight different areas of skin, i.e., scalp, forehead, face, chest, abdomen, back, extremity, and palm and sole. Through routine tissue processing, hematoxylin and eosin preparations were made for morphology and morphometric analysis. The sebaceous gland anlagen is noted in the face and scalp by the 14th week of gestation, being subsequently generalized in other parts of the body, namely by 16th week of gestation. The lobation of the sebaceous gland subsequently differentiated into multilobular appearance in the face and scalp by the 17th week of gestation and in the chest and abdomen by the 26th week of gestation. The sebaceous ducts were seen by the 21th week of gestation in face and scalp, and in the chest and abdomen by the 27th week of gestation. In morphometric observation, the number and diameter of sebaceous gland were reached its peak during the 21st to 24th week of gestation, and then decreased gradually until it became constant in later days of the gestational period. In general, cephalic portion of the body had more sebaceous glands and also was larger in diameter. This difference became negligible as fetuses reached the term.
Abdomen ; Embryonic Structures ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Extremities ; Fetus ; Forehead ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands* ; Skin ; Thorax

Neoplasms presenting at birth or within the first month of life are defined as congenital tumors. The principal components of this congenital tumors are neuroblastoma, leukemia, brain tumors and sarcomas. The neuroblastoma is the most common accounting for 15~50% of all tumors in this group. It most often presents with an abdominal mass due to adrenal-retroperitoneal primary or hepatomegaly resulting from extensive metastasis. Most often the primary site is adrenal but other loci include the retroperitoneum, mediastinum, pelvis, etc. This 2-day-old female presented with hepatomegaly and a left adrenal mass at birth, first detected by ultrasonography. On the first day, she suffered from hematemesis and bradycardia. She died on the second day. Postmortem examination revealed massive metastatic tumor nodules in the liver and a well-demarcated round mass, 4 cm, in the left adrenal, with necrosis and hemorrhage. Microscopic findings revealed largely undifferentiated neuroblastoma with focal neuronal differentiation and areas of necrosis and calcification in the background of fine fibrovascular stroma. Other metastatic foci were detected in the right adrenal and pituitary gland.
Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroblastoma

No abstract available.
Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone*

Cutaneous chromomycosis is a slow growing verrucous skin infection caused by five species, identified as Philadophara verruscosa, Fonsecaea dermatitidis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Fonsecaea compactum, Cladosporium, carionii. We report a case of chromomycosis of the skin causing by Cladosporium genus, in view of its rarity and unique light microscopic and ultrastructural features. This 65-year-old female had suffered from eczematous and lichenified skin lesion for the last two years since she burned her dorsum of the left hand by boiling oil. The lesion was slowly progressed, and ended up to the brownish hardening of the skin covered with crusts. Skin punch biopsy was done. Histologically, the sections revealed typical features of chronic granulomatous inflammation along with the heavy infiltration of the lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes. Pseudocarcinomatous downgrowth of the epidermis and microabscesses in the upper dermis were also found. Numerous thick walled fungal organisms were noted within the giant cells and freely in the dermis, which were positive ant PAS stain, and diastase resistant. Thick mucous capsule is not observed. The organisms showed very faint yellowish walls with a few buddings and a few short elongated hyphae were also noted. Ultrastructurally, the fungus wall was multilayered and inner organelles were sparse. There is no evidence of systemic involvement, especially brain.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy