The new round of medical and health system reform proposed the need to explore effective ways to gradually reform the mechanism of “using medicine costs to supply medical care”, through the implementation of “medical separation”, solve patients’ problem of “difficult and expensive”. While implementing the mode of the “medical separation”, according to exploring and practicing the actual situation of the region, it describes on the main mode of “medical separation”, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages, and proposes policy recommendations of “medical separeation” according to analysis of different modes.

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of DNA micro-array in early detection of infectious pathogens on burn wounds,including 9 species of potential infectious pathogens namely Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,etc.Methods Serial dilutions of each targeted bacteria in saline were examined with VITEK automated microbial test systems(routine methods) as well as by DNA micro-array to compare the sensitivity between these two methods.Sixty-two strains of infectious pathogens collected from burn wounds,were identified by routine methods,and they were also subjected to DNA micro-array examination to determine coincidence.One hundred and three examinations of smear specimens collected from fresh burn wounds were performed with both methods synchronously.The difference in positive result of identification of bacteria between routine method and micro-array technology in sensitivity and specificity was compared.Results The identification of bacteria by micro-array was more convenient and rapid than that by routine method.A 10 to 100 fold higher sensitivity was found in bacterial identification by DNA micro-array than by routine methods.The positive and negative coincidence of bacterial identification was 100% between these two methods.All the strains found by the routine methods were successfully identified by DNA micro-array.In a few instances,more strains of bacteria were detected with micro-anay method than rowtine method.Conclusion The extremely high coincidence and sensitivity of micro-array method with the routine method was confirmed.The detection of bacteria from burn wounds and other contaminated or infected wounds using micro-array method has a bright prospect though some improvements are still necessary.

Objective To investigate the relationship between antibiotic administration and the changes in constituent ratios of preponderant pathogens in infection of burn wounds in our burn unit. Methods The consumption of different kinds of antibiotics [expressed as the number of defined daily doses (DDD)/100 patient-day], as well as the constituent ratio of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and percentage of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) among all positive cultures of S. aureus were calculated from 1995 to 2004, and their correlation was analyzed. Results Within this period, it was found that the consumption of first and second-generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, including cefazolin and amikacin, was decreased remarkably, while the consumption of antibiotics combined with lactamase inhibitor, third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, including ceftazidime, levofloxacin and fosfomycin, was increased significantly. At the same time, the constituent ratio of P. aeruginosa declined to certain extent, while the constituent ratio of S. aureus gradually rase, but no increase was found in percentage of MRSA in S. aureus. The constituent ratios of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were correlated to consumption of more than ten kinds of antibiotics or antimicrobial agents. Conclusions The results suggested that more cefazolin or amikacin and less antibiotics with lactamase inhibitor or third generation cephalosporins were used in the treatment of burn infection might help decrease the infection caused by S. aureus, and that when more carbopenem or cefoperazone/sulbactam were used there might be a tendency of declination of P. aeruginosa infection.

Burns ; complications ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Sepsis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; prevention & control

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: Whole blood viscosity is the keystone in hemorheological research, which has important significance in the exposure of the generation of ischemic diseases including myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebral infarction(CI) due to hemorheological changes.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characters of macroscopical and microscopical hemorheology to explore the standardization of hemorheological measuring method.DESIGN: An observatory comparative study based on the venous blood of healthy individual.SETTING: Department of physics in a medical college.MATERIALS: Venous bloods of 86 healthy individuals were randomly selected for the study, which was conducted in the Laboratory of Hemorheology of Guilin Medical College.METHODS: Totally 86 whole blood samples were tested under 7 shear rates (0.6 s-1,2 s-1,5 s-1, 10 s-1, 20 s-1, 40 s-1, 100 s-1) from low shear rate to high shear rate, and then from high shear rate to low shear rate. The measuring value of the two processes was compared.Casson viscosity and yield stress in two measuring process.RESULTS: There was no significant difference of apparent viscosity( P＞ 0.05 ) except the 0.6 s- 1 -corresponding apparent viscosity ( P ＜ 0.05 )at some shear rate in two measuring process. There was no significant difference in Casson viscosity and yield stress( P ＞ 0.5, P ＞ 0. 3).CONCLUSION: The measurement of Casson viscosity and yield stress is good for the optimization of the standardization of hemorheological indicators and measuring method; and it is feasible to test apparent viscosity, Casson viscosity and yield stress repeatedly in same blood sample, which has important significance in the exposure of the hemorheological changes and the generation and development mechanism of ischemic diseases including MI,CI, hypertension, and coronary heart disease(CHD).

Chemical investigation of the whole plants of Valeriana hardwickii has led to the isolation of 11 flavones and 2 monoterpe- noids by using various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, preparative TLC, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis as syzalterin (1), 6-methylapigenin (2), 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (3), genkwanin (4), acacetin (5), apigenin (6), quercetin (7), tricin (8), (-)-farrerol (9), sosakuranetin (10), 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (11), (-)-bornyl ferulate ( 12) , and (-)-bornyl caffeate ( 13). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, while compounds 1, 9-13 were obtained from this genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Valerian ; chemistry

Objective To investigate effect of the mild CYP3A4 inhibitor aprepitant on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered controlled-release ( CR) oxycodone.Methods This study designed was an single-sequence with two phases in cancer patients with pain who continued to be administered orally with multiple doses of CR oxycodone every 8 or 12 hours.Plasma concentration of oxycodone and its metabolites were measured up to 8 hours after administration as follows: on day 1, CR oxycodone was administered alone; on day 2, CR oxycodone was administered with aprepitant (125 mg, at the same time of oxycodone dosing in the morning).The steady-state trough concentrations ( Css) were measured from day 1 to day 3.Results Aprepitant increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-8) of oxycodone by 25%(P<0.001) and of oxymorphone by 34% (P<0.001), as well as decreased the AUC0-8 of noroxycodone by 14% (P<0.001).Moreover, aprepitant increased Css of oxycodone by 57%(P=0.001) and of oxymorphone by 36% (P <0.001) and decreased Css of noroxycodone by 24% (P =0.02) at day 3 compared to day 1.Conclusion The clinical use of aprepitant in patients receiving multiple doses of CR oxycodone for cancer pain significantly altered plasma concentration levels, but would not appear to need modification of the CR oxycodone dose.

Objective To observe the external morphology of Lepidoglyphus destructor hypopus under an optical microscope. Methods The samples were collected in a store of Chinese medicinal herbs in Huainan City in September,2016,the L. de-structor and the hypopus were isolated,and then made of slide specimens. The slide samples were prepared and observed under an optical microscope. Results The L. destructor hypopus and protonymph were found. The inactive hypopus was oval in shape, the feet were not well-developed,there was a distinct transverse seam on its back,and there were 2 pairs of genital sensory or-gans. Conclusion The optical microscopy shows the morphological characteristics of L. destructor hypopus,which can provide the basis for the biological classification and the prevention.

Here we report a case of dermatitis caused by Tyrophagus putrescentiae,and have reviewed the related literature, then summarize the clinical characteristics and treatments of dermatitis in order to improve the understanding of the disease.