It has been known that the hypothermia have protective effect on neuronal survival after ischemic damage. We performed this study to evaluate the effect of the small changes in postischemic body temperature on the histopathological change of hippocampus in the transient global cerebral ischemia model. Mongolian gerbils were subjected to this study. Nine animal subgroups were investigated, including naive gerbils who underwent sham operation or carotid artery occlusion with postischemic rectal temperature maintained at 32.5, 34.5, 36.5 and 38.5C respectively. Carotid occlusion was maintained for 10 minutes and then reperfusion started. During ischemia, body temperature was maintained 36.5degrees C in all animals. For one hour after ischemia, body temperature was maintained constant at 36.5degrees C in the normothermia group, 38.5 degrees C in the hyperthemia group, 34.5 degrees C in mild hypothermia group, and 32.5 degrees C in moderate hypothermia group respectively. Seven days after the operation, the surviving animals were decapitated and perfusion fixated. After preparing coronal brain slices, viable neurons in hippocampal region were counted using cresyl violet staining. There were significant differences in the hippocampal neuronal survival in normothermia and hyperthermia groups compared with shamoperated group(P<0,01), and neuronal damages in mild and moderate hyperthemia groups were not significantly different from sham operated. Survival rate at postischemic 7th day was also significantly lower in hyperthermia group. We could confirm the protective effect of hypothermia on ischemic neuronal damage by histopathological study. Also hyperthemia was observed to aggravate neuronal death, Careful control of body temperature might have clinical effect in ischemic stroke.
Animals* ; Body Temperature ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Carotid Arteries ; Fever ; Gerbillinae ; Hippocampus ; Hypothermia ; Ischemia* ; Models, Animal* ; Neurons* ; Perfusion ; Reperfusion ; Stroke ; Survival Rate ; Viola

No abstract available.
Contrast Media* ; Glass* ; Syringes*

Opacification of the gallbladder after parenteral administration of contrast material usually indicates diminished renal function but can occur with normal renal function. The authors recently experienced 13 cases of such vicarious excretion of contrast media. Among 13 patients. 9 patients had renal disease unilateral ureteral stone(n=3), staghorn calculi(n=2), acute renal failure from sepsis(n=1), renal contusion(n=2) and unilateral renal artery involvement by dissecting aortic aneurysm(n=1). Of these 9 patients, 3 patients showed abnormal serum creatinine levels at the time of presentation or shortly thereafter. In 6 patients, injection of a large amount of contrast media was possibly the additional cause of vicarius excretion. There was no detectable cause in the remaining 4 patients. Heterotopic excretion of contrast media is clearly a complex phenomenon, the reason for which it is difficult to establish with certainty in each individual case. Anyhow, vicarius excretion of contrast media occurs more frequently than previously thought, and it can occur not only with abnormal renal function but with normal function also.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Contrast Media ; Creatinine ; Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Renal Artery ; Ureter

Saccadic eye movement may be difined entirely on the basis of velocity-amplitude characteristics. Despite the obvious importance of saccadic peak velocity measurements, there is lack of agreement about saccadic velocity-amplitude relationships in general and particularly with regard to the direction of movement. The variability of the results is attributed mostly to different recording techniques used and partly to the sample size. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of saccadic direction for the determination of their possible influence upon the horizontal saccadic peak velocity. Therefore, six basic patterns of horizontal saccadic movement were determined and the direction and velocity of these basic patterns of the angular distance of 10 degrees were recorded and discussed. The experimental apparatus consisted of Biometrics Eye Movement Monitors, target function generators, oscillographic recorders and the other fixation devices. The experimental subjects were three healthy Korean adults. All experiments had been performed in the dark room for 4 weeks. The position and peak velocity of saccadic eye movement in the records were carefully observed and the data were analyzed statistically for significant change with the use of t-test at the 5 per cent level and the main results are as follows: 1. In the horizontal saccadic eye movement in the angular distance of 10 degrees, the production rate of undershoot or corrective movement is low and most of the saccadic eye movement are normal. 2. The mean of the saccadic peak velocity is 295.6 deg/sec in the angular distance of 10 degrees. 3. The mean horizontal saccadic peak velocity is faster in the nasal direction, as compared with the temporal direction, but the difference is not statistically significant. 4. The mean saccadic peak velocity is greater in the nasal than in the temporal direction among the velocities of the centering, decentering and symmetry but the difference is not statistically significant. 5. The analysis of the results showed that the mean horizontal saccadic peak velocity has no statistically significant difference between the nasal and the temporal direction in the angular distance of 10 degrees. Author feels that the methods and results of this study may be useful tools in the diagnosis and research of eye disease related to the nervous system and that further study to establish the standard data of saccadic peak velocity should be performed at the various angular distances.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Eye Diseases ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Nervous System ; Saccades* ; Sample Size

No abstract available.
Arteries*

Facial clefts are uncommon congenital deformities in comparison to the clefts of the lip and palate. the clinical expression of the craniofacial clefts is highly variable. the face can be marred by a faint expression of the cleft or be disfigured by a full representation of the defect. the extent of the soft tissue and skeletal components is also variable, and they are seldom affected to an equal degree. Generally, discription of the clefts are based on the bony malformation, since the skeletal landmarks tend to be more constant. I report six cases of rare craniofacial clefts that I recently experienced. the soft tissue repair was accomplished with local flaps from cheek, eyelid and nose. Additional vertical length was obtained from the lower Z-plasty flaps in the sutures. the coloboma was corrected with local flaps and a cartilage graft, the depression of cheek with a dermofat graft, and the macrostomia with the repositioning of orbicularls oris muscle and a Z-plasty. the results were cosmetically acceptable.
Cartilage ; Cheek ; Coloboma ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Depression ; Eyelids ; Lip ; Macrostomia ; Nose ; Palate ; Sutures ; Transplants

Amipaque is a water soluble, non-ionic myelographic contrast media, and owing to its high diagnostic accuracy and safety, its use is gradually increasing. The authors studied the complications after Amipaque lumbermyelography in 61 patients with low back pain during the period from Jan. 1981 to Nov. 1981 in Chung Ang University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1. Total complication rate was 52%(32 of 61) and there was nosexual difference in its occurrence. 2. In total, no difference in complication rate was found between head-up positioned group with a degree of 30degrees (group I) after procedure and head-up positioned group with a degree of 70degrees (group II) but female patients had more complication rate in group I than in group II (75% vs 50%).Headache was more common in group I and nausea was more common in group II. 3. Headache was most common complicaiton (44%) and there was no sexual difference in its occurrence. 4. No significant difference in complication rate was found between patients proved to have HBP and patients to have not. 5. Complications were less common in patients with punctured level of L4-5 than in patients with L2-3 or L3-4 level puncture.
Contrast Media ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Metrizamide ; Myelography ; Nausea ; Punctures ; Water

CT is the most accurate and reliable method for the diagnosis of intracerebral and intraventricularhemorrhage. The precise anatomic extent of the hematoma, associated cerebral edema, ventricular deformity anddisplacement, and hydrocephalus are all readily assessed. Aside from head trauma, the principal cause ofintracerbral hematoma is hypertensive vascular disease. Although hematomas from various causes may present similarCT appearances frequetnly the correct etiology may be suggested by considereation of patient's age, clinicalhistory, and the location of the hematoma. The analytical study was performed in 180 cases of intracerebralhamorrhages by CT from Oct. 1981 to Jan. 1983. The results were as follows; 1. The most prevalent age group was6th decade(37.2%) Male was prevalent to female at the ration of 1.6 to 1. 2. The most common symptom and sign wasmental distrubance (48.7%), motor weakness(23%), headache(10.6%), nausea and vomiting (9.8%). 3. The causes ofhemorrhage were hypertension (53.9%), head trauma (30.6%), aneurysm(6.1%) and A-V malformation (7.2%). 4. Thefrequent locations of hemorrhage were basal ganglia and thalamus(40.4%), lobes(35%), ventricles(21.8%). 5. Thedistribution of hemorrhage was intracerebral hemorrhage(65.6%), intracerebral and intraventricularhemorrhage(30.3%), intraventricular hemorrhage(4.4%).
Basal Ganglia ; Brain Edema ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hypertension ; Male ; Methods ; Nausea ; Vascular Diseases ; Vomiting

Papilloma is a benign epithelial tumor and may be divided etiologically into two types: viral infectious and neoplastic; histologically the two types are indistinguishable. In the field of ophthalmology, Norris reported for the first time in 1879 that papilloma begins on the bulbar conjunctiva and spreads toward the cornea. Since then, many other cases of papilloma have been reported and these reports showed that it can occur on any portion of the epithelium of the external eye and has a predilection for sites where the epithelium undergoes a transition. We have seen three patients with papillomas: a 6 year old girl with a papilloma on the caruncle; a 29 year old man, on the lower fornix; and a 42 year old woman, on the limbus. The caruncle and lower fornix papillomas were asymptomatic; the limbal papilloma was accompanied by foreign body sensation, epiphora, photophobia, and mild visual disturbance. On examination, the lesion on the caruncle was grayish-red; the surface was smooth with diffuse small red spots The lesion on the lower fornix was bright red, smooth surfaced, pedunculated, strawberry-like in appearance and showed papillary vascular proliferations. The margins of the limbal lesion extended to bulbar conjunctiva and cornea and the masswas firmly adherent to the cornea. The strawberry-like mass was grayish-white in color, hard, slightly elevated and showed papillary vascular proliferations. We feel that the papillomas on caruncle and lower fornix are viral infectious type and the one on the limbus is neoplastic type, based on the site of lesion, clinical symptoms and signs, and the age of the patient. The lesions of the above cases were removed by simple excisional biopsy and the one on the limbus also received post-excisional radiation treatment with Strontium 90. There has been no sign of complication in the four months of follow-up on the caruncle papilloma and two months of follow-up on the lower fornix and limbal papilloma.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Child ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Epithelium ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Ophthalmology ; Papilloma* ; Photophobia ; Sensation ; Strontium

Prediction f chemical composition of gallstones is a prerequisite in contemplating the chemical dissolution or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of gallstones. The author retrospectively analysed the correlation between quantitative chemical composition of gallstones and their ultrasonographic and computed tomographic findings. The ultrasonography(US) and computed tomography(CT) of 100 consecutive stones obtained from 100 patients were performed under the in vitro condition. Their US and CT fingings were grouped with certain patterns and each group was compared with the chemical composition of the stones. Stones with entirely discernible cirumsference and homogeneous internal echo on US had high bilirubin and low cholesterol content. Acoustic shadows were frequently absent with those stones. Stones with variable internal echo on US had relatively high cholesterol content but their distribution range were wide. There was no correlationship between the cholesterol content and the CT No. of the gallstones. There was positive correlationship between the calcium content and the CT No. of gallstones. The near totally calcified gallstones had very low cholesterol and high residue content. There was no relationship betweenthe calcification type and the ultrasonographic pattern. In conclusion, those stones with entirely discernible circumsference and homogeneous internal echo on US were pigment stones. On the contrary, stones with variable internal echo had relatively high cholesterol content. CT could predict the calcium content with CT No., but could not predict the cholesterol content.
Acoustics ; Bilirubin ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Gallstones* ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lithotripsy ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock ; Ultrasonography*