There is increasing evidence that inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes can promote tumor growth. Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is the product of the retinoblastoma gene located on chromosome 13q14. pRb negatively regulates cell growth when functioning normally. Mutational inactivation of the Rb gene has been observed in retinoblastomas, osteosarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas. Recently, several other human cancers have also been shown to carry abnormalities of the Rb gene. The potential role of the Rb gene in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and basal cell caicinomas (BCCs), has not been determined and was the focus of this study. Immunohistochemical expression of pRb in 16 cutaneous SCCs and 17 BCCs was examined. The expression of PCNA was studied in parallel to assess the cellular proliferation rate in these lesions. The pRb and PCNA immunoreactivity were localized to the nuclei of tumor cells. A few pRb and PCNA positive cells were seen in normal squamous epithelium, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles. The loss of expression of pRb was seen in 3 of 16 SCCs(18.8%) and 6 of 17 BCCs (35.3%). PCNA immunoreactivity was slightly high in pRb-negative or lower-positive cases. PCNA immunoreactivity was similar to that produced by pRb in some cases. These results suggest that mutational inactivation of the Rb gene may be related to the carcinogenesis of cutaneous SCC and BCC, though the frequency is relatively low.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Proliferation ; Epithelium ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Retinoblastoma Protein* ; Retinoblastoma* ; Sarcoma ; Sebaceous Glands ; Sweat Glands

We report a case of a 36 year old female with coronary artery obstructive disease(Left coronary osteal stenosis), who had been admitted due to severe headache and vomitting. In admission, she was diagnosed as moyamoya disease on cerebral angiogram. She had no history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking. She had experienced angina for 2 years, and 1 year ago she ws diagnosed as bypass surgery with left main coronary artery angioplasty. In moyamoya disease, several portions of extracranial arteries have been found to be involved, but so far, only one case has been reported the coronary involvement on coronary angiogram in the world. And, there has not been a report about moyamoya disease combined with left main osteal lesion yet. This present case indicates that we need to exam for extracranial vascular system including the heart in moyamoya disease.
Adult ; Angioplasty ; Arteries ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Coronary Vessels ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Headache ; Heart ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Smoke ; Smoking

The reduction of nasal bone fracture has been done by a simple procedure. The nasal bone fracture was not a serious problem and patients are usually treated as outpatients. However it is causing increased demand for medical services far cosmetic reasons. We studied the nasal bone fracture by retrospective analysis, it comprising 606 patients with nasal bone fractures in various accidents and treated of Chonnam University Hospital from March 1995 to February 1998. We reviewed and analyzed the medical records and facial bone CT scans of 606 patients. The following results were obtained. 1. The prevalent age group was in the third decade, the most common cause was traffic accidents, while nasal swelling, tenderness, nasal deviation and crepitation were examined 2. The classification of nasal bone fracture was done by facial bone CT. Class 1: Nasal tip depressed fracture(16%) Class 2: Displaced nasal bone fracture without depression(30%) Class 3: Displaces nasal bone fracture with depression(12%) Class 4: Comminuted nasal bone fracture (10%) Class 5: Simple fracture of nasal bone and frontal process of maxilla(14%) Class 6: Comminuted fracture of nasal bone and frontal process of maxilla(11%) Class 7: Nasal bone fracture without displacement(9%) .
Accidents, Traffic ; Classification* ; Facial Bones ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Medical Records ; Nasal Bone* ; Outpatients ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A case of papillary eccrine adenoma on the right hand of a 84-year-old woman is reported. The tumor was 1 cm in diameter, occupying the whole thickness of the dermis. Histologically, the tumor was composed of dilated tubules of various sizes with intraluminal papillary projections, and was surrounded by a fibrous stroma. An immunohistochemical study revealed that the proliferating tubules were composed of the outermost layer of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive and the inner layer of keratin 14-negative cells. This antigen expression pattern was comparable to that of the normal eccrine secretory coil, which indicates that the tumor differentiated toward the secretory coil of an eccrine sweat gland.
Adenoma* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Dermis ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Sweat Glands

No abstract available.
Abscess* ; Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Living Donors* ; Transplants*

Basal cell carcinoma(BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are very prevalent neoplasms of the human skin. Ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is a well-established mutagen of the p53 gene and is one of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The newly-formed vascular network is important for neoplasms to grow beyond a size of about 1 mm2. Recent reports have suggested the hypothesis that a mutant p53 protein is closely related with capillary density. Immumohistochemistry for p53 protein and CD34 was performed in 20 cases of BCCs and 14 SCCs to evaluated the relationship between p53 protein and capillary density. The results were as follows:1. The microvessels stained by CD34 were mainly located in the interface of tumor cells and stroma. 2. There was no difference in the microvessel density according to the histologic types and age of the patients, but a higher microvessel density was noted in male patients. 3. The aggressive BCCs and the less-differentiated SCCs showed higher p53 immunostaining. 4. The mean microvessel density of cases showing strong positive immunostaining of the p53 gene(54.73+/-17.75) was higher than that of others(39.75+/-18.30). These results suggested that p53 protein expression and microvessel density are not related to the histologic types and age of the patients, but that differentiation and biologic behavior such as the infiltrating property of tumors and the microvessel density are closely related to p53 protein expression.
Capillaries ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Male ; Microvessels* ; Skin* ; Sunlight

Objectives: To survey daily doses of dopaminergic medications and to draw a posteriori equation of the dose in relation to the various clinical variables in Korean patients with Parkinson disease. Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted over a defi ned period. Information on patient demographics and clinical features including age at Parkinson disease onset, disease duration, treatment duration and Hoehn and Yahr stage, and daily doses of anti-parkinsonian drugs was obtained from the patients’ medical records. Results: A total of 1,762 patients with Parkinson disease were recruited from 6 referral centers. The mean L-dopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) in the whole population was 608.9 mg/day, which tended to increase linearly depending on the duration of disease and Hoehn and Yahr stage. LEDD was also signifi cantly affected by age and gender. We performed multiple linear regression analyses and devised a posteriori equation of LEDD with clinical variables. Conclusions: This survey provides systematic data for mean LEDD in Korean Parkinson disease patients. In spite of profound individual variations in LEDD, our linear regression model provides an insight about the relationship between daily doses of dopaminergic medications and various clinical features of Parkinson disease.

An age-dependent cellular change of DNA contents in the testis of Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated by flow-cytometric method. Testicular cell suspensions at the age of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 26 weeks were prepared and stained with propidium iodide. The relative proportions in the number of mature and immature haploid (1n), diploid (2n), S-phase and tetraploid (4n) cells were calculated. The proportion in the number of mature haploid cells was sharply increased to the age of 10 weeks (about 38%), thereafter increased slightly to the level of 42% at the age of 26 weeks. The proportion of immature haploid cells was dramatically increased to the age of 6 weeks, then maintained at the level of 20 to 30% thereafter. The proportion of diploid cells was 64% at the age of 4 weeks, then decreased gradually through the age of 26 weeks. The proportion of S-phase cells was increased to the age of 4 weeks, then maintained at a plateau level to the age of 26 weeks. The proportion of tetraploid cells were about 26% at the age of 4 weeks, then decreased gradually to the age of 26 weeks. These results suggest that the proportions of testicular cells may depend on the age of the rat and that the flow cytometric method may be useful in the evaluation of the spermatogenic status with regard to accuracy and sensitivity.
Animals ; DNA/*analysis/genetics ; Diploidy ; Flow Cytometry/methods/veterinary ; Haploidy ; Male ; Rats ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis/chemistry/*growth & development

PURPOSE: Air bubbles developed during phcoemulsification procedure are known to be harmful to corneal endothelial cells and balanced salt solution(BSS) contained within plastic bag(Bag BSS) has been thought to be more prone to the air bubble formation than the one encased within bottle(Bottle BSS). For the above reason, we tried to see whether there is any difference in corneal endothelial cell changes between two groups of patients who underwent phacoemulsification using Bag BSS and Bottle BSS respectively. METHODS: 85 cataract eyes of 60 patients were randomly assigned to two groups of Bag BSS(43 eyes) and Bottle BSS(42 eyes), on which phacoemulsification was performed through scleral tunnel incision followed by silicone PCL placement. Corneal endothelial cells were examined using specular microscopy postoperatively at 1 month and compared with preoperative specular microscopic data. RESULTS: The percent loss of corneal endothelial cell density at postoperative 1 month for the Bag BSS group(13.02+/-0.7%) was not significantly different from the Bottle BSS group(12.8+/-8.1%)(p>0.05). Coeffcient of variation in cell size(p>0.05) and mean endothelial cell size(p>0.05) also showed no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Bag BSS and Bottle BSS have similiar protective effect on the corneal endothelial cell damage during phocoemulsification.
Cataract ; Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Microscopy ; Phacoemulsification ; Plastics* ; Silicones

PURPOSE: The cornea of the keratoconus patient that is one of the contraindications in refractive surgery shows severe topographic asymmetry and the lower curvature is much steeper than the upper one. In this study, we evaluated whether the mild to moderate topographic asymmetry which does not fall under the Rabinowitz-McDonnell's keratoconus criteria(I-S value>3.0 D) would affect the LASIK results. METHODS: The maximal diopter difference in central 3 mm-zone(MDD-3) of the pre-LASIK topography, the postoperative best uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) and the postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) were analyzed in 248 eyes of 124 patients retrospectively. We divided the patients into 2 groups according to the magnitude of MDD-3(MDD-3<1.0 D in group 1 and MDD-3> OR =1.0 D in group 2). In the same manner, the patients were divided into 2 groups according to the magnitude of MDD-5(MDD-5<1.0 D in group A and MDD-5> OR =1.0 D in group B) using 5 mm-zone. RESULTS: Between group 1 and 2, statistically significant difference was not observed in postoperative UCVA and BCVA(p>0.05). Between group A and B, statistically significant difference was not observed in postoperative UCVA and BCVA(p>0.05), either. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that the mild pre-LASIK topographic asymmetry would not affect the visual acuity after LASIK.
Cornea ; Humans ; Keratoconus ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity